A number of vital therapeutic modalities are not covered adequately in current dermatology textbooks. This book is intended to fill that gap. It originated in a series of special lectures on modem applications of physical modalities given at recent annual meetings of the American Academy of Dermatology; the main topics were radiotherapy, electrosurgery, phototherapy, cryosurgery, and related therapeutic modalities. The authors, recognized authorities in their field, have included much addi tional information which could not be covered in the original lectures because of time limitations. The indications for modem dermatological x-ray therapy reflect the basic views of the recently published guide lines of the National Academy of Sciences-National Research Council. Both text and illustrations are oriented toward the practical aspects of therapy with physical modalities. A special effort was made to bring the contributions up to date; pertinent references have been added for those who wish to pursue particular topics still further. Where there is an apparent overlap between chapters, it was felt to be advantageous because different authors approached their subject from different perspectives. I am most grateful to the various authors who generously contributed despite their many other commitments. I wish, also, to thank the staff of Springer-Verlag for their advice and assistance in the preparation of the manuscript."

In this volume the impact of cell culture models on dermatological research is discussed by scientists from medicine, physiology, biology, pharmacology, and pharmacy. The book includes the following topics: orthology and pathology of the skin, differentiation of keratinocytes and fibroblasts, problems of the cultivation of melanocytes, biochemistry of pigment metabolism, models for wound healing and tissue renewal, fibroblast function and metabolism of collagen, models for the investigation of ageing as well as models for pharmacological and toxicologial tests. Thus, a wide arch is spanned, from basic problems with cultivation and characterization of cell cultures to examples of application. Dermatologists as well as cell biologists will benefit from this publication.

Wc have felt for some years that an atlas of paediatrie dermatology merired a place in the world dcrmatologicallitcrature. Non-dermatologists find skin conditiom difficult to describe and diagnose and this may bc cvcn mare difficult in children. Wc usually rely on the paTents for a history in childrcn, although many conclitions can bc spur dtagnoses. In this atlas wc have med to illustrare cOllditions seen regularly 111 our dinics as weIl as some seen mare rarely but which arc nevercheless important to recognize. Wc have limired the number of illustrations tn order to producc a realistically-priced book and thus it has not always becn easy to decide what to indude and whae to omu. Howevee, wc hope that wc havc produced a reasonably comprehensive work. We hope that this atlas will have a wide appeal both at home and abroad. It is a book either to read or to browse through. It is intended for senior medical students, family practitioners, and for trainees both 111 dermatology and in paediatrics. We would like it acttlally taken to skin clinics to be avatlablc for instant pcrusal, and to bc on hand in the paediatric ward. Wc have said comparatively little about treatment because this alters regularly and often varies in different centres and bccause we do not think that an atlas is the place for this."

In the past 10 years hirsutism has been the object of a considerable number of fundamental studies. It provides endocrinologists with an experimental model for the investigation of androgen secretion, metabolism and mechanism of action. Plasma androgen assay, free testosterone measurement, hepatic and extrahepatic androgen metabolic clearance and androgen metabolism in the skin are the different steps which were studied by many groups and represent valuable parameters of the mechanisms of hirsutism. Determination of the origin of androgen oversecretion has become easier by technical progress in differential effiuent venous catheterism, which makes it possible to compare androgens in adrenal or ovarian effiuent veins to their peripheral levels, and to determine the ovarian or adrenal source of the androgen oversecretion as well as the side responsible, essential in the case of tumors. The study of androgen metabolism and the discovery of androgen receptors in the skin confIrm the latter as an actual target cell for androgens. This target cell uses the circulating active androgen, i. e., testosterone and can also metabolize local inactive androgens into active ones. This is the case of androstenedione and dehy droepiandrosterone which are the two main androgens secreted in women, since women secrete very little testosterone. The capacity of the skin to transform inactive androgens into active ones varies from one individual to another. That would support the concept of variable skin receptivity from one woman to another and from one ethnic group to another."

The morphological behaviour of leucocytes* leaving the blood has been studied for more than a hundred years and can be described in some detail, but the mechanisms involved are for the most part still unclear. Following an inflammatory stimulus, dy- namic changes occur in small blood vessels near the inflamed site and are followed by margination of leucocytes and by their adherence to the endovascular surface of endo- out of the vessel in the gaps between endothelial thelial cells. The leucocytes migrate cells and move towards the noxious stimulus, directed presumably by chemotactic gra- dients. Having reached the gradient source, they may engage in phagocytosis, killing and digestion of micro-organisms or of damaged tissue. In this review, we deal with the adhesive properties of leucocytes, which have US1,l;ll- ly been measured in vitro, and with their possible relevance to the leucocyte-endo- We also deal with the locomotion of leucocytes, its machinery thelial cell interaction.

R. MARKS Biology has become a 'numbers game'. The advantages of being able to grade changes in tissue, submit results to statistical analysis and accurately record biological phenomena make measurement essential. This is as true for the various disciplines in applied biology as it is for the more esoteric aspects ofthe subject. Regrettably, sk in biologists until recently had not seized the opportunities that the availability of their tissue of interest afforded and fell behind in the exploration of measurement techniques. Probably this resulted in part from the mistaken sentiment that 'to see is to know'. It also originated from the complexity ofthe skin which. as a closely interwoven mixture oftissue types. makes assessments technically difficult. However, we are optimistic about the future. The International Society for Bioengineering and the Skin was formed in Cardiff in ] uly 1979 in response to the wishes of the delegates who had attended the first International Symposium on the subject in Miami in 1976 and the second in Cardiff 3 years later. This volume is the proceedings of the Cardiff meeting. We believe that it demonstrates the brave efforts and variety of new ideas that characterise the studies of scientists who realise the importance of blending the phYSICal sciences with skin biology.

Dermatology is a complex and puzzling world of itching bumps, pim ples, and rashes. The multitude of clinically distinct skin diseases, their frequently unresolved pathogenesis, and the exponentially in creasing amount of scientific information add to the confusion about skin diseases. The great prevalence of skin diseases makes them an urgent priority for intensive research effort, and although many scientists and academic clinicians are vigorously trying to uncover we are only at the very brink of understanding the etiol their secrets, ogy of most dermatoses. The principle mechanisms of general organ pathology (physical, chemical, microbial, ischemic, degenerative, and neoplastic disturb ances) are believed to be relatively well understood. In contrast to skin pathomorphology, however little is known regarding the bio chemistry and physiology of dermatoses. The difficulty in under standing skin diseases may be overcome partially by finding biome dical simplifications, and the concept of "oxidative injury in dermatopathology" is just such a simplification. It should, of course, always be kept in mind that no single mechanism alone can explain the pathogenesis of a disease and that there may be a danger of over looking other important biological determinants."

Substances that are applied to the skin to heal it, make it feel better or improve its appearance, have much in common. They can all do damage to the skin as well as perform the task for which they were designed. They and the substances they contain are all absorbed through the skin to a greater or lesser extent. In addition, all these agents are constructed in the same general way. For these reasons it seems odd and uneconomical to consider topical pharmaceuticals, toiletry products and cosmetics separately. This was the reasoning behind the holding of a small symposium of workers involved with one or another aspect of the formulation of substances destined for application to the skin. Several aspects of the subject are covered in this book which is based on the symposium and the contents should be of interest to all who are concerned with the prescription, assess ment or formulation of topical agents. 9 1 Acne Caused and Treated by Topical Agents W. J. CUNLIFFE The four main aetiological factors involved in the development of l acne are (1) an elevated sebum excretion rate ; (2) ductal hyper 3 keratinization 2; (3) an abnormality of microbial function ; (4) host 4 inflammatory response * Although opinions differ on both sides of the Atlantic, most authorities in the United Kingdom believe that increased sebum excretion rate is the main drive to acne, there being a definitive relationship between the severity of the acne and the seborrhoea of this disease.

This text was designed for the physicians, nurses, technical personnel, and staff members of medical facilities using lasers for surgical, therapeutic, and diagnostic purposes. The objective is to provide an understanding of the potential health and safety hazards associated with the use of medical laser systems and the precautions needed to use them safely. To do this, it is necessary to have an awareness of applicable standargs and regula tions that apply to laser use. This book is not intended as a substitute for the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) Z-136. 3, "Safe Use of Lasers in Health Care Facilities," but to facilitate its implementation as well as the implementation of the many other related regulations and guidelines that are pertinent. These other regulations include the Medical Device Amendments to the Food and Drug Act, the Federal Laser Product Performance Standards issued under the Radiation Control for Health and Safety Act, and applicable regulations of the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA). The text is organized to provide first an overview of laser hazards, laser surgical applications, and laser biological effects. General safety control measures and safety standards are then presented. Because laser tech nology is rapidly evolving, these general guidelines will allow safe use of new laser systems as they become available. Finally, specific safety guide lines and precautions are provided for specialized laser applications in the different health care specialties."

Physical and chemical agents in the environment damage the DNA of humans, and pose a major threat to human health today, and to the genetic integrity of human populations. Although studies on isolated DNA in vitro, on prokaryotes, on mammalian cells in culture, and on laboratory animals have provided essential background information, it is now possible to study DNA damage and repair in human tissues directly. New techniques of high sensitivity, especially those not requiring radioactive labeling have made possible quantitation of DNA damage and repair, as well as detection of residual, unrepaired DNA lesions . In recent years, several investigators have taken up the challenge of studying damage and repair responses in humans, and we have chosen that work as the special focus of this Symposium. Major advances in under standing damage and responses in human skin, in blood cells and in human internal organs indicate three major themes. First, DNA damage levels in human tissues depend not only on the initial exposures, but also on the capapacity of that tissue for repair of the specific lesion type. Second, repair in human tissues may differ quantitatively and qualitatively from that in human cells in culture.

In the last fifty years dramatic progress has been made in the under standing of skin and skin diseases. Although we are still someway off understanding the ultimate causes of such disorders as psoriasis, atopic dermatitis and the congenital disorder of keratinization, we now have considerable information on the physiological disturbances in various diseases. This has permitted and encouraged a rational approach to treatment. The successful use of antimitotic agents, immunomodulators and retinoids may be cited as examples. A major reason for this im provement may be the fact that researchers accept models for the in vestigation of skin diseases. Increasing numbers of them have become available in the past years. So many have been described that it is doubtful whether anyone researcher is aware of all the other models described - even in his own field of interest. This book is a challenge for those involved in the study of skin and its disorders to use the sundry models of skin that have proven helpful. It would be impossible for this work to be all-embracing but it is hoped that the choice of models offered in this publication will be stimulating and helpful in the solution of knotty skin questions. April,1986 Ronald Marks, Cardiff Gerd Plewig, DUsseldorf Table of Contents In Vivo Models Human Model for Acne . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 L. C Brummitt, W. J. Cunliffe, G. Gowland Models to Study Follicular Diseases l3 G. Plewig Models for Wound Healing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 R. Marks, D. Williams, A. D."

The control of cancer is at once a major public health problem and a problem of fundamental biologic interest. As a result of technologic developments and new insights in the realm of molecular biology, new and important approaches to an understanding of neoplasia are now possible. Several aspects of neoplasia are clearly of microbiologic interest, including the role of viruses in the etiology of cancer, control of the immune response to tumor cells, and the susceptibility of tumor-bearing hosts to overwhelming infection as a result of immuno deficiency. Recent advances in these areas led us to organize this symposium, and, through this publication, to record some of the progress being made in laboratories around the world in understanding some of the basic aspects of the cancer problem. This symposium was held as part of the commemoration of the twentieth anniversary of the Waksman Institute of Microbiology. Dr. Waksman's devo tion to the study of the smallest forms of life and the commitment of the Waksman Institute to the free pursuit of knowledge are the underpinnings of the institute's research eHorts in the broad area of microbiology, including the problem of neoplasia. It is of interest to note that actinomycin, one of the earliest antibiotics discovered in Waksman's laboratory, was also one of the first compounds found to be clinically useful in the treatment of certain types of cancer."

In recent years, papillomaviruses in general and human papillo maviruses in particular have been recognized as possible agents of important diseases, including some forms of human cancer. The purpose of this book is to present a concise panorama of the pre sent status of knowledge of this topic. This knowledge is as impor tant to molecular biologists and virologists as it is to clinicians and pathologists. To bridge the gap among these diverse groups of investigators, we conceived of a book covering a broad spectrum of the basic scientific, clinical, and pathological aspects of diseases associated with papillomaviruses. Although the principal thrust of this book is directed at human papillomaviruses, fundamental knowledge of animal viruses is essential to the current understand ing of the molecular mechanisms of cell transformation. For this reason, a chapter on animal viruses has also been included. Some of the experimental work having to do with the elucidation of transformation and other aspects of interaction between the virus and the cell cannot be based on human papillomaviruses because of a lack of suitable experimental models. Hence, some of the chapters dealing with fundamental aspects of viral molecular biol ogy are based on animal models. We were very fortunate in having persuaded a number of distin guished colleagues to contribute to this work."

Recent progress in the fields of pharmacology and immunology has provided us with new possibilities for treating dermatological diseases. This book reviews the most important immunosuppressive and immunostimulatory drugs and gives helpful, practical information on the treatment of various dermatoses, including autoimmundiseases, atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, vasculitis, contact dermatitis, pyoderma gangrenosum, infectious diseases, and neoplasms of the skin - in particular, malignant melanoma.

Wounds have existed since the beginning of time, and records of their nature and treatment are found in the earliest documents. Interestingly, many of these treat ments are now being rediscovered or re-used in modern-day clinical practice. In addition to the diverse nature of treatments that have been suggested as being beneficial for wounds, over many centuries there has been a range of clinicians who have cared for patients with wounds, and in many parts of the world today it is not doctors but other professional colleagues - e. g. nurses or podiatrists - who are the most knowledgeable persons on wounds and wound treatments. Finally, the nature of wounds seen in clinical practice is changing. Increasing destructive power is resulting in more severe injuries occurring in patients involved in conflict. Developments in surgical techniques have enabled new surgical procedures to be offered to patients, but novel and more severe complications can result from such technical advances. In addition, many societies around the world are having to deal with an increasing ageing population, and huge increases in the number of patients suffering from chronic wounds are being seen. In summary, expanding treatment options, diverse groups of clinicians caring for patients and changes in the nature of wounds seen in clinical practice are real issues that have to be faced, and solutions have to be found if patients are to receive optional care for their wounds."

In any histopathology department, cutaneous biopsies form the major part of the workload. In many instances these may be readily dealt with by experienced pathologists and their documentation represents an essential step in organising therapy. However, in a number of areas dramatic changes have occurred in dermatopathology. The rapidly changing incidence of pigmented lesions of the skin and the availability of diagnostic cell markers in the complex cutaneous lymphomas have meant that for many pathologists a review in these fields will be valu- able. The distribution and pattern of skin pigmentation may allow us to make important assertions and draw importantconclusions about the genetics of skin disease, but also about human variability. Cutane- ous vasculitis is a difficult problem where clinicopathological consulta- tion is vital in diagnosis and the review presented has been written with this verymuch in mind. In the same way, many diagnostic difficul- ties exist in assessing buttous lesions in the skin and for this reason a review was invited. Finally, our understanding of certain skin diseases has been radical- ly altered by knowledge of the dynamics of the changes seen, a field which has also beenstudied with advantage inother systemsin patholo- gy. This volume is intended as an aide to those many pathologists and dermatologists who, often together, are responsible for the pro- vision of clinical care in this demanding field. London C. L. BERRY Contents Melanoma and Other Melanocytic Skin Lesions. With 8 Figures D. WEEDON . Cutaneous Vasculitis.

Skin cancer is the most frequent malignancy in humans and its incidence is still increasing. This situation calls for major efforts to manage the disease. Preventive measures must include reduced UV exposure and an enhanced common awareness of skin lesions. Advanced surgical techniques allow safe removal with excellent cosmetic results. In many cases alternative treatment modalities such as radiotherapy, cryosurgery and photodynamic therapy are applicable. The development of optimal sun screens and UV-protective clothes, new tools for early diagnosis of malignant lesions including videomicroscopy, improved evaluation of biopsy material and new treatment schemes will contribute to better patient care. New developments in therapy including pegylated interferons, cytokine-inducing molecules, monoclonal antibodies and vaccination approaches using peptides, dendritic cells, viruses or nDNA give hope for well-tolerated and efficient treatments.

Because skin blisters are the initial manifestation of epidermolysis bullosa (EB), patients invariably present to the dermatologist for diagnosis and treatment. However, EB is a systemic disease whose management requires input from clinicians in virtually all fields of medicine, including pediatri cians, surgeons, dentists, gastroenterologists, hematologists, otorhinolaryn gologists, dietitians, and physical therapists, to name a few. Because EB is a rare disease, few clinicians are familiar with it, and many recoil at the pros pect of caring for individuals covered with blisters caused by a disease they know little about. For patients, insult is thus added to injury and they feel abandoned, neglected, and frustrated. One way to remedy this deplorable situation is to provide clinicians with a compact source of information de tailing the principles of EB diagnosis and treatment. This text seeks to fulfill this role. From 1986-1991, The Rockefeller University Hospital has been the co ordinating center of the National EB Registry. Supported by The National Institutes of Health, this Registry consists of four university centers* commit ted to collecting clinical data concerning diagnosis, treatment, and epidemio logy on all American EB patients. As of April 1992, nearly 1,799 EB patients have enrolled nationwide. The Registry is now in its second five-year phase of operation."

Knowledge about diagnostic procedures in melanoma has in creased rapidly within the past few years. Single tumor cells have been identified in normal tissue such as sentinel lymph nodes, as well as in bone marrow, peripheral blood, and other bodily fluids and cells, by molecular technologies. The introduction of polymerase chain reaction-based methods can be regarded as a prototype of this dramatic development towards molecular approaches in new diagnostic procedures. This fact opens up the possibility of clinical use in patients and of influencing treatment strategies. Considerable discrepancies have been described, how ever, in the success rates of these new techniques for the detec tion of minimal residual disease in cancer patients. Despite fav orable results reported by different groups of investigators, it will take several years to define the clinical and pathophysiological relevance of new diagnostic procedures. The 1st International Symposium "Minimal Residual Disease in Melanoma: Biology, Detection and Clinical Relevance of Microme tastases", held in September 1999 in Homburg/Saar, Germany, fo cused on recent developments in this particular area of cancer re search. The purpose of the meeting was to stimulate discussion and exchange of new data and ideas by renowned international scientists. The aim of this volume is to summarize major topics of basic research and clinical investigations presented by invited experts in this fascinating but still. controversial field of melanoma re search.

There is no doubt among experts that the prevalence of allergic diseases has increased in many industrialized countries in recent years. The rea sons for this increase are unknown; only suppositions exist. Many people focus on environmental influences. However, the assumption that air pollution alone is responsible for this increase seems to be too simple: many other influences, including the genetic predisposition of individual patients, allergen exposure, and possibly socioeconomic factors, also have to be taken into consideration. Although our understanding of the complex mechanisms of allergic diseases has considerably improved thanks to the progress made in ex perimental immunology and allergology, we still have a long way to go before this scientific knowledge is translated into new therapeutic mo dalities. For this reason, the scientific community welcomed the gathering of scientists from very different disciplines and different parts of the world at an international symposium, "New Trends in Allergy IV" together with "Environmental Allergy and Allergotoxicology III" in Hamburg in 1995. This volume contains the invited papers, covering a wide range from basic science to practical clinical diagnosis and therapy. A further unique feature of this event was the concomitant first official workshop of the Environmental Pollution and Allergy Committee of the International Association of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (IAACI), at which the state of scientific knowledge in this field was defined and formulated."

practitioner up to date on the various aspects of conditions and diseases considered to be sexually transmitted. REFERENCES 1. Crissey JT, Denenholz DA: Development of the modern forms and concepts of syphilis. Clin Dermatol, 2(1):1-10, 1984. 2. Panconesi E, Mazzi M: The day syphilis came. Int 1 Dermatol, 23:284-286, 1984. 3. Washington AE, Johnson RE, Sanders LL: Chlamydia trachomatis infections in the United States: What are they costing us? lAMA, 257:2070-2074, 1987. 4. Bulkley LD: Syphilis in the Innocent. New York: Bailey and Fairchild, 1894. 5. Syphilis: Major perinatal killer. Med World Trib, 28(16):2, 1987. 6. Renshaw DC: Management of impotence. I. Psychological considerations. Clin Therap, 9:142-148,1987. Acknowledgments. We are very grateful to our teachers for the stimulation they provided in our studies of dermatology and sexually transmitted diseases. We partic ularly acknowledge the impetus given by Herman Beerman, M.D., Emeritus Professor of Dermatology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadel phia. Our office staffs have been particularly helpful, and we would like to recognize the contributions of Mrs. Carmela Ciferni. Lastly, this book was conceived through the inspiration of Dr. Jerry Stone, late Senior Medical Editor of Springer-Verlag, New York. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania LAWRENCE CHARLES PARISH Vienna, Austria FRIEDRICH GSCHNAIT Contents Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . v Contributors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Xl . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . What are Sexually Transmitted Diseases? Chapter 1 History . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . LOIS Y. MATSUOKA Chapter 2 Definition. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 . . . . . . . . . . . . HARRY L. ARNOLD, JR. Diseases Chapter 3 Syphilis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 . . . . . . . . . . . . . JOHN THORNE CRISSEY Chapter 4 Endemic Treponematoses . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 . . ."

The industrialized world has witnessed a steady increase in diseases of the arteries, veins, and lymph vessels in recent years. The prevalence and incidence of arteriosclerotic vascular disease has taken on the character of an epidemic. Diseases of the superficial and deep veins are widespread. Everypracticing physician is confronted daily by arterial circulatory disorders of the supra-aortic vessels, the thoracic and abdominal aorta, and the pelvic and leg arteries as well as by venous and lymphatic diseases.Todayvascular disease isbest managed in an interdisciplinary way; interventional radiologists and neurologists should be part of the team at any established vascular center. Many older colleagues were forced to acquire their knowledge of vascular diseases on their own. There are still many medical schools and hospitals that lack vascular specialists who are capable of passing on their expertise to students. For manyyears there was no expertise in medical angiology in countries such as Great Britain or the United States. All of vascular medicine resided in the hands of vascular surgeons. It is only in the last few years that vascular internists have appeared in these countries as well

Infectious diseases remain a major problem for physicians and other health professionals dealing with problems of the reproductive system. Accordingly, this two-volume comprehensive presentation of infectious diseases involving the male and female reproductive systems promises to be a major contribution in this field and to fill a much-needed vacuum. During the past three decades, the introduction of antimicrobial therapy has dramatically altered both the clinical presentation and the therapeutic approaches employed in dealing with the traditional infections of the repro ductive system. In addition, the changing demographics of infectious problems in the industrial countries and the developing world have been a source of concern. A good deal of important information on this topic is included in this series. In recent years, considerable attention has been given to the role of Myco plasma and Chlamydia in both male and female infertility and the problems related to genital herpes and human papilloma virus infections. Current clinical information is included on these infections as well as on newer aspects of diagnosis, such as the use of laparoscopy in the diagnosis and treatment of pelvic inflammatory disease. Also addressed is new information regarding the role of actinomycosis in pelvic infections; current problems such as toxic shock syndrome and acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) are reviewed as well. New concepts are included in these vohimes to complement the clinical information. The attachment of microbial organisms to sperm may help to explain access of these and other organisms to the upper female genital tract."

Where do you begin to look for a recent, authoritative article on the diagnosis or management of a particular malignancy? The few general oncology textbooks are generally out of date. Single papers in specialized journals are informative but seldom comprehensive; these are more often preliminary reports on a very limited number of patients. Certain general journals frequently publish good in-depth reviews of cancer topics, and published symposium lectures are often the best overviews available. Un fortunately, these reviews and supplements appear sporadically, and the reader can never be sure when a topic of special interest will be covered. Cancer Treatment and Research is a series of authoritative volumes that aim to meet this need. It is an attempt to establish a critical mass of oncology literature covering virtually all oncology topics, revised frequently to keep the coverage up to date, easily available on a single library shelf or by a single personal subscription. We have approached the problem in the following fashion: first, by dividing the oncology literature into specific subdivisions such as lung can cer, genitourinary cancer, pediatric oncology, etc.; second, by asking emi nent authorities in each of these areas to edit a volume on the specific topic on an annual or biannual basis. Each topic and tumor type is covered in a volume appearing frequently and predictably, discussing current diagnosis, staging, markers, all forms of treatment modalities, basic biology, and more."

Practical Procedures in Aesthetic Plastic Surgery, written by one of the foremost authorities in the field, is the definitive "hands-on" guide for the practicing plastic surgeon. Each chapter presents the actual execution of a specific surgical technique and illustrates the finer points that separate unacceptable from state-of-the-art surgical results. Aesthetic plastic surgery procedures from head-to-toe are covered, including blepharoplasty, rhytidectomy, abdominoplasty, suction-assisted lipectomy, breast augmentation, and lip enhancement. Over 500 photographs and line drawings, with 46 in full color, are the thrust of the book's benefit to the practicing surgeon, as each clearly defines the technical maneuvers essential in achieving flawless results. Prevention of mistakes as well as correction and repair of poor technique are also emphasized - an area that few books stress at all. Truly the most clear-cut technical volume available, this book should be in the hands of all practicing plastic surgeons and residents.