The Regulatory Genome in Adaptation, Evolution, Development, and Disease synthesizes insights from recent genomic and gene expression studies across organisms, from humans to plants, animals, and single cell life, exploring common roles gene regulation has played in adaptive evolution, as well as in developmental biology and susceptibility to disease. Here, Moyra Smith, a celebrated researcher in the field, sheds light on common themes in gene regulation across evolutionary timelines, illuminating new areas of focus and pathways for future research. Early chapters consider key elements in gene expression regulation, fundamentals of genomic alterations over time and in response to environmental and local conditions, and the role of epigenetics in adaptive evolution, with later chapters considering the role of adaptive gene regulation in healthy processes and developmental biology, as well as in disease biology. Throughout the book, a comparative approach is adopted across organisms, to highlight common evolutionary themes and genome diversity revealed by recent sequencing and GWAS studies, as well as how this informs our understanding of human adaptive evolution. The book finishes by detailing how we can use this knowledge to impact disease outcomes and healthy human metabolism, development, and physiology.

Genomics in the Clinic: A Practical Guide to Genetic Testing, Evaluation, and Counseling illustrates the current scope of the practice of genetics for healthcare professionals, so they can understand principles applicable to genetic testing and consultation. Written by an authoritative well-balanced team, including experienced clinical geneticists, genetic counselors, and medical subspecialists, this book adopts an accessible, easy-to-follow format. Sections are dedicated to basic genetic principles; clinical genetic and genomic testing; prenatal, clinical and cancer genetic diagnosis and counseling; and ethical and social implications in genomic medicine. Over 100 illustrative cases examine a range of prenatal, pediatric and adult genetic conditions and testing, putting these concepts and approaches into practice. Genomics in the Clinic: A Practical Guide to Genetic Testing, Evaluation, and Counseling is important for primary care providers, as patient care evolves in the current genomic-influenced world of precision medicine.

Nonheme Iron Enzymes: Structures and Mechanisms, Volume 117, highlights new advances in the field, with this new volume presenting new and interesting chapters on the topics. Each chapter is written by an international board of authors.

DNA Repair, Volume 45 in The Enzymes series highlights new advances in the field, with this new volume presenting interesting chapters on DNA polymerase beta and other gap-filling enzymes in mammalian base excision repair, Translesion polymerases, mechanism and function, The Rev1-Pol? Mutasome: Structure and Interactions in Translesion Synthesis, Challenges for base excision repair enzymes: acquiring access to damaged DNA in chromatin Nucleotide excision repair, DNA damage recognition mechanisms in mammalian nucleotide excision repair, Advances in understanding DNA mismatch repair, and more.

Chromatin Readers in Health and Disease, Volume 35, a new release in the Translational Epigenetics series, gathers and makes actionable our current understanding of how chromatin readers regulate access to genetic information, and how their aberrant regulation can contribute to human pathologies. Chromatin readers discussed include 14-3-3 Dinshaw, ADD, Ankyrin, BAH, BET, BIR, BRCT, bromodomains and Kac readers, chromodomains and chromobarrel readers, citrullination readers, macrodomains and poly-ADP-ribose readers, MBT, PHD and double PHD, PWWP, SUMO (H4K12) readers, Tudor and TTD, UDR and ubiquitin, WD40, YEATS (crotonyl reader), MBD, SRA, and Methyl-RNA readers. In the book, more than a dozen leaders in the field examine a range of protein readers, their relationship to human disease, and the early therapeutics that act as chromatin signaling factors to treat cancers and Huntington's disease, among other disorders.

Human Reproductive and Prenatal Genetics, Second Edition provides application-driven coverage of key topics in human reproductive and prenatal genetics, including genetic control underlying the development of the reproductive tracts and gametogenesis, the genetics of fertilization and implantation, the genetic basis of female and male infertility, as well as genetic and epigenetic aspects of assisted reproduction. Also examined are the genetics and epigenetics of the placenta in normal and abnormal pregnancy, preimplantation genetic diagnosis and screening, and cutting-edge advances in noninvasive prenatal screening, prenatal genetic counseling, and bioethical and medicolegal aspects of relevance in the lab and clinic. This new edition has been fully revised to address new and evolving technologies in human reproductive genetics, with new chapters added on chromatin landscapes and sex determination, genetic alterations of placental development and preeclampsia, metabolism and inflammation in PCOS, pre-implantational genetic testing, maternal genetic disorders, bioethics, and future applications.

Omics Technologies and Bio-Engineering: Towards Improving Quality of Life, Volume 2 is a unique reference that brings together multiple perspectives on omics research, providing in-depth analysis and insights from an international team of authors. The book delivers pivotal information that will inform and improve medical and biological research by helping readers gain more direct access to analytic data, an increased understanding on data evaluation, and a comprehensive picture on how to use omics data in molecular biology, biotechnology and human health care.

Mechanisms of DNA Recombination and Genome Rearrangements: Intersection between Homologous Recombination, DNA Replication and DNA Repair, Volume 601, the latest release in the Methods in Enzymology series, continues the legacy of this premier serial with quality chapters authored by leaders in the field. Homologous genetic recombination remains the most enigmatic process in DNA metabolism. The molecular machines of recombination preserve the integrity of the genetic material in all organisms and generate genetic diversity in evolution. The same molecular machines that support genetic integrity by orchestrating accurate repair of the most deleterious DNA lesions, however, also promote survival of cancerous cells and emergence of radiation and chemotherapy resistance. This two-volume set offers a comprehensive set of cutting edge methods to study various aspects of homologous recombination and cellular processes that utilize the enzymatic machinery of recombination. The chapters are written by the leading researches and cover a broad range of topics from the basic molecular mechanisms of recombinational proteins and enzymes to emerging cellular techniques and drug discovery efforts.

Concepts and techniques in genomics and proteomics covers the important concepts of high-throughput modern techniques used in the genomics and proteomics field. Each technique is explained with its underlying concepts, and simple line diagrams and flow charts are included to aid understanding and memory. A summary of key points precedes each chapter within the book, followed by detailed description in the subsections. Each subsection concludes with suggested relevant original references.

DNA Replication Across Taxa, the latest volume in The Enzymes series summarizes the most important discoveries associated with DNA replication.

Methods in Enzymology: Visualizing RNA Dynamics in the Cell continues the legacy of this premier serial with quality chapters authored by leaders in the field. This volume covers research methods visualizing RNA dynamics in the cell, and includes sections on such topics as identification of RNA cis-regulatory sequences, IRAS, IMAGEtags, MERFISH, plant RNA labeling using MS2, and visualization of 5S dynamics in live cells using photostable corn probe.

Bringing together the latest methodological and scientific progress in the various research areas in the field of Environmental Genomics, this book discusses the characterization of the structure and dynamics of life, the study of the evolution and adaptation of genes and genomes, the analysis of degraded and/or old DNA, and the functional and genomic ecology of populations and communities. It also considers access to the production and sharing of NGS data and the quality of this data. As the product of the collective discussion of the active French scientific community, the book presents not only the latest technologies in the development of new sequencing methods, but also the resulting issues, challenges and prospects, in order to identify those aspects with the greatest potential for modeling and exploring the function of ecosystems.

Genomics and the Global Bioeconomy, a new volume in the Translational and Applied Genomics series, empowers researchers, administrators, and sustainability leaders to apply genomics and novel omics technologies to advance the global bioeconomy and sustainability. Here, more than 15 international experts illustrate-with concrete examples across various industries and areas of global need-how genomics is addressing some of the most pressing global challenges of our time. Chapters offer an in-depth, case-based treatment of various topics, from genomics technologies supporting sustainability development goals to novel synthetic biology advancements improving biofuel production, conservation, sustainable food production, bioremediation, and genomic monitoring. Editors Catalina Lopez-Correa and Adrian Suarez-Gonzalez skillfully bring clarity to this diverse and increasingly impactful research, uniting various perspectives to inspire fresh innovation in driving the global bioeconomy.

Advanced Mechanical Models of DNA Elasticity includes coverage on 17 different DNA models and the role of elasticity in biological functions with extensive references. The novel advanced helicoidal model described reflects the direct connection between the molecule helix structure and its specific properties, including nonlinear features and transitions. It provides an introduction to the state of the field of DNA mechanics, known and widely used models with their short analysis, as well as coverage on experimental methods and data, the influence of electrical, magnetic, ionic conditions on the persistence length, and dynamics with viscosity influence. It then addresses the need to understand the nature of the non-linear overstretching transition of DNA under force and why DNA has a negative twist-stretch coupling.

Advances in Botanical Research publishes in-depth and up-to-date reviews on a wide range of topics in plant sciences. The series features several reviews by recognized experts on all aspects of plant genetics, biochemistry, cell biology, molecular biology, physiology, and ecology. Volume 78 focuses on the Genomes and Evolution of Charophytes, Bryophytes, Lycophytes, and Ferns. Sequencing of genomes of 'lower' animals such as sponges or hydrozoans has much informed our understanding of how metazoans evolved. On the plant side of things, sequencing and comparison of a moss and lycophyte genome with those of green algae and flowering plants has greatly informed our understanding of plant evolution. However, it has also become clear that we need to look into genomes of the closest algal relatives to land plants, the charophytes, and into further genomes of bryophytes, lycophytes, and ferns to unravel how land plants evolved.

Metabolic Phenotyping in Personalized and Public Healthcare provides information on the widespread recognition that a personalized or stratified approach to patient treatment may offer a more efficient and effective healthcare solution than phenotype-led approaches. In order to achieve that objective, a deep personal description is required at the level of the genome, proteome, metabolome, or preferably a combination of these aided by technology. This book, edited and written by the outstanding luminaries of this evolving field, evaluates metabolic profiling and its uses across personalized and population healthcare, while also covering the advent of new technology fields, such as surgical metabonomics. In addition, the text presents specific examples of where this technology has been used clinically and with efficacy, pointing towards a framework and protocol for usage as it hits the clinical mainstream.

Post-transcriptional Gene Regulation in Human Disease, a new volume in the Translational Epigenetics book series, offers a thorough overview and discussion of post-transcriptional genetic control mechanisms and their roles across various pathologies and human developmental outcomes, along with regulatory mechanisms targeted for therapeutic approaches. The book is broadly divided in two parts: early chapters describe the basics of post-transcriptional gene regulation, associated epigenetic mechanisms, the role of RNA binding proteins, the evolution of post-transcriptional gene regulation, and methods to study these mechanisms. The second half of the book includes deeper discussion of post-transcriptional gene regulation across specific diseases and therapeutics targets. Various post-transcriptional events, including alternative splicing and polyadenylation, mRNA stability, and miRNAs and their involvement in the disease progression, are examined in detail.

Omic Studies of Neurodegenerative Disease: Part A is part of a well-established international series on neuroscience that examines major areas of basic and clinical research, along with emerging and promising subfields. The book informs the reader on the current state of the studies used to evaluate the mechanisms, causes, and treatment of neurodegeneration through a combination of literature reviews and examples of current research.

Epigenetics of Stress and Stress Disorders, a new volume in the Translational Epigenetics series, examines the epigenetic mechanisms involved in modifying DNA following prolonged stress or trauma. This is accomplished through the evaluation of both the physiological and molecular effects of stress on the body that can eventually lead to stress disorders. The book begins by providing a psychiatric, biological, and phenomenological foundation for understanding stress disorders, before delving into the genomics of stress disorders. From here, chapter authors discuss a range of recent epigenetic research in the area, highlighting epigenome-wide association studies (EWAS), exciting developments in noncoding RNA studies, possible effects of prolonged stress on telomere shortening, and the long-term physical effects of PTSD on the health of patients. The book also examines the effect of adversity during sensitive periods or development and across the life span. The book concludes by looking at possible transgenerational stress-induced epigenetic alterations on future offspring and important areas of research for public health, along with the potential for epigenetic therapeutics or "epidrugs."

Psychiatric Genomics presents and synthesizes available knowledge in the field of psychiatric genomics, offering methodologies to advance new research and aid clinical translation. After providing an introduction to genomics and psychiatry, international experts discuss the genomic basis of schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, depression, personality disorders, anxiety disorders, addictions, eating disorders, and sleep disorders, among other disorders. In addition, recommendations for next steps in clinical implementation and drug discovery are discussed in-depth, with chapters dedicated to pharmacogenomics and antipsychotics, antidepressants and mood stabilizers, adverse drug reactions, implementation of pharmacogenomics in psychiatric clinics, and ethical issues. Finally, methods sections provide a solid grounding in research approaches and computational analytics, from using animal models in psychiatric genomics and accessing biobanks, to employing computational analysis, genome-wide association studies (GWAS), brain pathophysiology, and endophenotypes in psychiatric research.

Applied plant genomics and biotechnology reviews the recent advancements in the post-genomic era, discussing how different varieties respond to abiotic and biotic stresses, investigating epigenetic modifications and epigenetic memory through analysis of DNA methylation states, applicative uses of RNA silencing and RNA interference in plant physiology and in experimental transgenics, and plants modified to produce high-value pharmaceutical proteins. The book provides an overview of research advances in application of RNA silencing and RNA interference, through Virus-based transient gene expression systems, Virus induced gene complementation (VIGC), Virus induced gene silencing (Sir VIGS, Mr VIGS) Virus-based microRNA silencing (VbMS) and Virus-based RNA mobility assays (VRMA); RNA based vaccines and expression of virus proteins or RNA, and virus-like particles in plants, the potential of virus vaccines and therapeutics, and exploring plants as factories for useful products and pharmaceuticals are topics wholly deepened. The book reviews and discuss Plant Functional Genomic studies discussing the technologies supporting the genetic improvement of plants and the production of plant varieties more resistant to biotic and abiotic stresses. Several important crops are analysed providing a glimpse on the most up-to-date methods and topics of investigation. The book presents a review on current state of GMO, the cisgenesis-derived plants and novel plant products devoid of transgene elements, discuss their regulation and the production of desired traits such as resistance to viruses and disease also in fruit trees and wood trees with long vegetative periods. Several chapters cover aspects of plant physiology related to plant improvement: cytokinin metabolism and hormone signaling pathways are discussed in barley; PARP-domain proteins involved in Stress-Induced Morphogenetic Response, regulation of NAD signaling and ROS dependent synthesis of anthocyanins. Apple allergen isoforms and the various content in different varieties are discussed and approaches to reduce their presence. Euphorbiaceae, castor bean, cassava and Jathropa are discussed at genomic structure, their diseases and viruses, and methods of transformation. Rice genomics and agricultural traits are discussed, and biotechnology for engineering and improve rice varieties. Mango topics are presented with an overview of molecular methods for variety differentiation, and aspects of fruit improvement by traditional and biotechnology methods. Oilseed rape is presented, discussing the genetic diversity, quality traits, genetic maps, genomic selection and comparative genomics for improvement of varieties. Tomato studies are presented, with an overview on the knowledge of the regulatory networks involved in flowering, methods applied to study the tomato genome-wide DNA methylation, its regulation by small RNAs, microRNA-dependent control of transcription factors expression, the development and ripening processes in tomato, genomic studies and fruit modelling to establish fleshy fruit traits of interest; the gene reprogramming during fruit ripening, and the ethylene dependent and independent DNA methylation changes.

This document is exclusively dedicated to DNA. It explains the secrets of DNA from all corners. Presented in a simple, lucid manner; it will useful to all involved in bioscience. In all it consists 12 chapters, figures, photos and a wholesome glossary of the terms related to DNA.

Scientific Principles of Adipose Stem Cells provides readers with in-depth and expert knowledge on adipose stem cells, their developmental biologic origins, foundational research on ASC signaling mechanisms and immunomodulatory properties, and clinical insights into applications in regenerative medicine. Topics covered include basic adipose stem cell developmental biology and mechanisms of regulating self-renewal and activation in the stem cell niche, important methods for isolation and characterizing ASCs, and data on the impact on human demographics (age, sex, BMI) on ASC phenotype. A section devoted to ASC biology, ASCs for stem cell therapy and regenerative medicine, and ASCs in tissue engineering applications are also included. The book is written for scientists and clinicians who are broadly familiar with stem cells and basic cell biology principles and those seeking advanced information on adipose stem cells.

Medical Epigenetics, Second Edition provides a comprehensive analysis of epigenetics in health management, across a broad spectrum of disease categories and specialties, and with a focus on human systems, epigenetic diseases that affect these systems, and evolving modes of epigenetic-based treatment. Here, more than 40 leading researchers examine how each human system is affected by epigenetic maladies, offering an all-in-one resource on medical epigenetics not only for those directly involved with health care, but investigators in life sciences, biotech companies, graduate students, and others who are interested in applied aspects of epigenetics. Incorporating both diagnostic and prognostic epigenetic approaches, this volume also fully supports the application of epigenetics in precision medicine. This second edition of Medical Epigenetics, a volume in the Translational Epigenetics series, has been fully revised to address recent advances in disease epigenetics and role of epigenetics in precision medicine, with all-new chapters on skin cancer epigenetics, network analysis in medical epigenetics, machine learning in epigenetic diseases, and clinical trials of epigenetics drugs.

Twin and Family Studies of Epigenetics, Volume 27, the latest release in the Translational Epigenetics series, gathers expert opinions on epigenetic twin and family study research methods, recent findings across various disease areas, and future directions. The book provides in-depth coverage of epigenetics fundamentals, twin and family epigenetic study design, and the broader role of epigenetics in answering questions on the developmental origins of health and disease. Throughout the volume, twin and family studies are employed to examine causes of epigenetic variation, the relationship between epigenetic modifications and mental illness, cancers, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, obesity, high blood pressure, and more. Emerging research methods applied in twin and family studies discussed include imaging epigenetics, exposure-specific DNA methylation changes, and unravelling time trends in epigenetic effects.