"In recent years, growing income inequality and economic stress have made it easier to exploit divisions in American society. But those divisions only end up undermining the political effectiveness of ordinary citizens. In this important book, William Julius Wilson shrewdly argues for organizing a grass-roots multiracial coalition around policies that would make the economy work for ordinary Americans. The rest is up to us."--Senator Paul Wellstone

"For two decades, William Julius Wilson has exemplified a combination of academic creativity, personal integrity, and public commitment that is embarrassingly rare among scholars. His long line of crucially important scholarship now culminates in "The Bridge over the Racial Divide."--Jennifer Hochschild, author of "Facing Up to the American Dream

William Julius Wilson is practical, provocative and optimistic. In his much needed book, he offers concrete steps towards solving the crippling problem of race and inequality in America that too many others dismiss as intractable.--Marion Wright Edelman, President, The Children's Defense Fund

This book is a superb contribution to the national debate about equality, class, race, and politics. Defying easy categories, as he always does, William Julius Wilson manages to square the circle by blending a strategy of racial uplift with one of practical and believable politics.--Robert Kuttner, coeditor, "The American Prospect

Combining the detachment of a great scholar with the passion of a deeply concerned citizen, William Julius Wilson calls for a new multiracial coalition of all those who have been losing ground in America. This is an important and timely book.--Robert B. Reich, UniversityProfessor and Maurice B. Hexter Professor of Social and Economic Policy, Brandeis University

Through several seminal works, William Julius Wilson boldly redefined the discourse of race in American society. By unveiling the inextricable interplay between ethnicity and class, Wilson established a paradigm for the study of racial relations at the end of the century as original as that of W. E. B. Du Bois at the beginning. In "The Bridge over the Racial Divide, Wilson once again confirms his status as an original thinker, articulating the necessity of a multiracial coalition politics for a twenty-first century America riven by social inequality and racial discrimination. A must read for all of us who care about justice and democracy in a multicultural America.--Henry Louis Gates, Jr., W. E. B. Du Bois Professor of the Humanities, Harvard University

A small, poverty-stricken California Indian Tribe, the Cabazon Band of Mission Indians, successfully fought a long legal battle for the right to operate the business of their choice on their barren reservation-a gambling casino. This is their story, the authorized history of their epic struggle, climaxing with their victory in a 1987 ruling by the U.S. Supreme Court, the now-famous Cabazon Decision. Their defeated opponents included California's City of Indio and County of Riverside (called one of the most racist in the U.S. by a non-Indian resident) as well as California and 29 other states that joined California's appeal.

This is also the fascinating story of the role played by a white family and its radical, socialist patriarch that helped create one of the world's most capital-intensive industries and triggered today's Indian Gaming Explosion throughout America. Hundreds of hours of taped interviews and years of documents, meeting records, and official correspondence are analyzed to give the reader a clear picture of the impact of this new massive capital on tribal life and the development of a possible future without gambling-as officials in league with Nevada and Atlantic City gambling interests continue their efforts to destroy Indian gaming. The Buffalo, literal and symbolic figure of earlier Indian financial independence, has returned in a new form-cash cow casinos.

Traces the history of the British General Medical Council to reveal the persistence of hierarchies of gender, national identity, and race in determining who was fit to practice British medicine. Fit to Practice proposes a new narrative of the making of the modern British medical profession, situating it in relation to the imperatives and tensions of national and imperial interests. The narrative is interwoven withthe institutional history of the General Medical Council (GMC), the main regulatory body of the medical profession. The GMC's management of the medical register from 1858 to 1980 offers important insight into the political underpinning of the profession, particularly when it came to regulating who was fit to practice medicine, under what conditions, and where. Technically, admission to the British medical register endowed all doctors with common rights andprivileges. Yet the differential treatment of women in the nineteenth century, Jewish medical refugees during World War II, and Indian doctors both before and after decolonization reveals the persistence of hierarchies of gender,national identity, and race in determining who was fit to practice British medicine. Part 1 of the book, which spans from 1858 to 1948, focuses on the transformation of the British Empire from a destination for the surplus production of domestic medical graduates to a critical source of medical labor for Britain during wartime. Part 2 examines the postwar causes and consequences of the unprecedented globalization of the domestic profession. Douglas M. Haynes is Professor of History at the University of California, Irvine.

Disability and Inequality:Socioeconomic Imperatives and Public Policy in Jamaica explores the lived experiences of persons with disabilities (PWDs) in Jamaica, examining measurable socioeconomic deficits that establish PWDs are more likely to experience inferior education, training, and labor market outcomes compared to persons without disabilities. The author provides an evidence-based, theoretically grounded, and implementable public policy framework, called Framework of Key Determinants for Political and Socioeconomic Inclusion of PWDs, which advances anti-discrimination legislation and a twin-track policy schema with interconnected enablers of human rights. Using this framework, Jamaica, the Caribbean, and other Southern countries looking for methods and strategies to fulfill commitments set out by the United Nations' Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities will find approaches to sustain existing progress, and address structural systemic deficits which continue to deny PWDs long-term sustainable development.

This book traces the story of the civil rights movement through the written and spoken words of those who participated in it. It includes both classic texts, such as Martin Luther King, Jr.'s I Have a Dream speech and his "Letter from Birmingham Jail," and lesser-known gems, such as Robert Moses' "Letter from a Mississippi Jail Cell" and James Lawson's address to SNCC's 1960 founding meeting. The volume emphasizes the role that ordinary people played in the struggle for freedom and equality and also displays the breadth of the civil rights movement. It contains documents written by members of all the well-known civil rights organizations, such as SCLC, NAACP, SNCC, CORE, and the Black Panther Party, as well as pieces written by independent and relatively unknown figures, such as Jo Ann Gibson Robinson and Sheyann Webb. In addition, it includes documents demonstrating the ferocity of white resistance to black equality, such as George Wallace's 1963 Inaugural Address. This is a documentary collection that has been needed for a long time. The burgeoning interest in the civil rights movement argues for such a work, and the need to have the experience of the movement in the participants' own words demands it. . . . Levy's collection . . . is the best and most accessible. "Randall M. Miller Director of American Studies Saint Joseph's University

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Drawing on research by recent scholars, the volume emphasizes the role that ordinary people played in the struggle for freedom and equality and also displays the breadth of the civil rights movement. It contains documents written by members of all the well-known civil rights organizations: SCLC, NAACP, SNCC, CORE, and the Black Panther Party. It includes pieces written by independent and relatively unknown figures, such as Jo Ann Gibson Robinson and Sheyann Webb. In addition, it includes documents demonstrating the ferocity of white resistance to black equality, such as George Wallace's 1963 Inaugural Address. The book fills a void, providing a balanced single-volume reader on the civil rights movement. It will be valuable to all those interested in Afro-American history, race relations, the 1960s, and recent United States history.

Our new series will provide an annual volume that examines some of the critical issues impacting upon the education and schooling of African American youth, from pre- through post-secondary education. Our challenge will be, not only, the scholarly production of knowledge, but the transmission of that knowledge to wider audiences. In so doing, we intend to question traditional assumptions and to analyze some of the intended and unintended consequences of those assumptions. This series will not rely upon a single paradigm or discipline to render new understandings. A multi-disciplinary approach will be utilized. Thus, research written in the tradition of law, political science, history, sociology, education, economics, public health, and psychology, among others, will be a regular feature of this series. To be sure, internal factors, that is, what goes on inside the institutional frame called schools are of signal importance to the education of African Americans. However, so too are external factors, contributing variables that originate outside of the institutional frame, that serve to impede or advance African American schooling. In this series, we will stress the centrality of race and schooling and to comprehend from both analytic and policy perspectives, the situations that increase and decrease the life chances and opportunities for African American youth.

This book uses a human rights framework to analyze how group-level social inequalities and injustices are socially constructed and maintained through violations of human rights on grounds of race, gender, sexuality, etc., and how human rights legislation can help such violations to effectively be redressed. Although it focuses primarily on democratic nations, it uses international case material to highlight key global issues.

This new edition of a classic feminist book explains how one of thegreat historical revolutions--the ongoing movement toward equalitybetween the sexes--has come about. Its origins are to found, not inchanging ideas, but in the economic developments that have made women'slabor too valuable to be spent exclusively in domestic pursuits. Therevolution is unfinished; new arrangements are needed to fightstill-prevalent discrimination in the workplace, to achieve a more justsharing of housework and child care between women and men, and, with the weakening of marriage, to re-erect a firm economicbasis for the raising of children. In this new edition, Bergmann provides an update on women's economic situation today and ultimately proves her argument is as relevant and essential today as it was when this book was first published this book in 1986.

First published in 1987, The Logic of Racism provides a portrait of race relations based on the stories of 800 different individuals from all sections of society. In this book, voices from the author's tape recorder are converted to the page for the reader to experience the vivid, sometimes humorous and frequently disturbing impressions of race relations as they are experienced. Interviewees include people from different age groups, sexes, races, and social backgrounds as well as the politicians, teachers and professionals responsible for fighting racism. The book combines real life experiences with the author's analysis and the result is a text that focuses on the reasoning behind prejudice and its resistance to rational argument.

An in-depth analysis that demonstrates how and why there has been a resurgence of nativist logic. It was once thought that liberalism and globalization would consign nativist logics to the fringes of societies and eventually to history. But if it ever left, nativism has well and truly returned, spreading across nations, across the political spectrum, and from the fringes back into the mainstream. In The Return of the Native, Jan Willem Duyvendak, Josip Kesic, and Timothy Stacey explore how nativist logics have infiltrated liberal settings and discourses, primarily in the Netherlands as well as other countries with strong liberal traditions like the US and France. They deconstruct and explain the underlying logic of nativist narratives and show how these narratives are emerging in the discourses of secularism (a religious nativism that problematizes Islam and Muslims), racism (a racial nativism that problematizes black anti-racism), populism (a populist nativism that problematizes elites), and left-wing politics (a left nativism that sees religious, racial, and populist nativists themselves as a threat to national culture). By moving systematically through these key iterations of nativism, the authors show how liberal ideas themselves are becoming tools for claiming that some people do not belong to the nation. A unique analysis of the most fundamental political transformation of our days, this book illuminates the resurgence of the figure of the "native," who claims the country at the expense of those perceived as foreign.

This book examines why Japan has one of the highest enrolment rates in cram schools and private tutoring worldwide. It sheds light on the causes of this high dependence on 'shadow education' and its implications for social inequalities. The book provides a deep and extensive understanding of the role of this kind of education in Japan. It shows new ways to theoretically and empirically address this issue, and offers a comprehensive perspective on the impact of shadow education on social inequality formation that is based on reliable and convincing empirical analyses. Contrary to earlier studies, the book shows that shadow education does not inevitably result in increasing or persisting inequalities, but also inherits the potential to let students overcome their status-specific disadvantages and contributes to more opportunities in education. Against the background of the continuous expansion and the convergence of shadow education systems across the globe, the findings of this book call for similar works in other national contexts, particularly Western societies without traditional large-scale shadow education markets. The book emphasizes the importance and urgency to deal with the modern excesses of educational expansion and education as an institution, in which the shadow education industry has made itself (seemingly) indispensable.

Biofuels and Rural Poverty makes an original contribution to the current controversial global debate on biofuels, in particular the consequences that large-scale production of transport fuel substitutes can have on rural areas, principally in developing countries but also in some poor rural areas of developed countries.

Three key concerns are examined from a North-South perspective: ecological issues (related to land use and biodiversity), pro-poor policies (related to food and land security, gender and income generation) and equity of benefits within the global value chain. Can biofuels be pro-poor? Can smallholder farmers be equitably integrated in the biofuels global supply chain? Is the biofuels production chain detrimental to biodiversity?

Most other books available on biofuels take a technical approach and are aimed at addressing energy security or climate change issues. This title focuses on the socio-economic impacts on rural people's livelihoods, offering a unique perspective on the potential role of biofuels in reducing rural poverty.

A volume in Current Perspectives on Applied Information Technologies Series Editors Charalambos Vrasidas and Gene V Glass This volume provides examples of current developments on the role of ICT for education, development, and social justice within an international context. Chapters draw on advanced contemporary thinking from scholars and practitioners in the field to present case studies of how ICT can be used to promote sustainable development and social justice. Social justice is understood in a wide sense as the pursuit of democracy, justice and development in the struggle against any form of oppression; it is within this context that ICT is explored as a tool for social change. ENDORSEMENT: This book's central and critical premise, namely that we have now to analyze critically how information and communication technologies can be better used to promote development and social justice, makes it especially timely now that the computer can be said to be part of a global system. - John Willinsky, Stanford University The objectives of this book are: * To analyze the philosophical, historical, political, and cultural backgrounds and contexts that are constitutive of contemporary challenges and tensions in the role of ICT for education, development, and social justice around the world; * To appreciate the contextual and international dimensions of the tensions and challenges faced by educators around the world and contribute to ongoing efforts to sketch a vision for addressing their needs; * To explore ways in which ICT in education can promote social justice and contribute toward sustaining communities around the world

The member states of the EU have only very recently begun to consider race and racism in the framework of equality legislation and policies. As opposed to an established Anglo-Saxon tradition of naming races and using racial categorisation to fight racism, most continental European countries resist this approach. This book investigates the problematic reception and elaboration of race as a socio-legal category in Europe. Fighting Discrimination in Europe takes a fresh and interdisciplinary look at the normative, theoretical and concrete problems raised by the challenge of devising and enforcing policies to combat race discrimination in Europe. It engages with the juridical and political spheres, from the international level down to concrete cases of state and city policies. As the multifaceted relationship between race, discrimination and immigration is explored, new normative positions and practical approaches are developed, and new questions raised. This collection presents important new research for academics, researchers, and advanced students of Ethnic Studies, Migration Studies, Legal Studies, Sociology, Anthropology, and Policy Studies. This book was originally published as a special issue of Ethnic and Racial Studies.

Japanese youth and foreign migrants face stringent institutionalised controls in Japan. This book questions the efficacy of such social controls, focusing on the interrelation of inequality (powerlessness, discriminate controls and class inequality) and deviance (largely derived from power and the violation of informal and formal norms). It provides a comprehensive detailed description and explanation of inequality and deviance of Japanese youth and 17 foreign migrant groups. The book is aimed at individuals, students and academicians interested in Japan area studies.

Carroll contends that race is brought to the consciousness of African Americans every day through interaction with employers, service providers, landlords, the police, and the media, and examines the stress experienced by blacks merely as a result of being African American.

Micro-aggressions include experiences such as being denied service, being falsely accused, being negatively singled out on account of one's race. The author labels the stress that results from such micro-aggressions as Mundane Extreme Environmental Stress--which she says is a daily experience, has a significant impact on one's psychological well being and world view, is environmentally induced, and is detracting and energy consuming.

In Transatlantic Liverpool: Shades of the Black Atlantic, Mark Christian presents a Black British study within the context of the transatlantic and Liverpool, England. Taking a semi-autoethnographic approach based on the author's Black Liverpool heritage, Christian interacts with Paul Gilroy's notion of the Black Atlantic. Yet, provides a fresh perspective that takes into account a famous British slave port's history that has been overlooked or under-utilized. The longevity of Black presence in the city involves a history of discrimination, stigma, and a population group known colloquially as Liverpool Born Blacks (LBBs). Crucially, this book provides the reader with a deeper insight of the transatlantic in regard to the movement of Black souls and their struggle for acceptance in a hostile environment. This book is an evocative, passionate, and revealing read.

"This book would make a welcome contribution to the study of race and racism in Ireland. Fanning's description of the circumstances faced by the Jewish, travelling and asylum-seeking communities in Ireland would add to our understanding of racism in Ireland as would his analysis of the historical context of current events and how that historical context can be linked to nineteenth century Irish nationalism." Iarfhlaith Watson, Lecturer in Sociology, University College Dublin "This book fills a gap in the existing literature on Ireland. While there are books that discuss nation-building, Travellers and Jews in the Republic, there is no text that brings these issues together and locates them within the context of racism and social change. There is currently considerable debate about the position of refugees and asylum seekers in Ireland, but again, no book considers this 'new' phenomenon in relation to the 'older' forms of immigration and discrimination." Alastair Christie, Lecturer, Department of Applied Social Studies Racism and social change in the Republic of Ireland provides an original and challenging account of racism and Irish society. In the last decade Irish society has visibly changed with the emergence of new immigrant communities of black and ethnic minorities. This book argues that Ireland was never immune from the racist ideologies that governed relationships between the 'west and the rest' despite a history of colonial anti-Irish racism. Drawing upon a number of academic disciplines, it focuses on the relationship between ideological forms of racism and its consequences upon black and ethnic minorities, and sets out an invaluable critique of racism in Irish society. Chapters on nation-building, Ireland's response to the Holocaust, refugees and asylum seekers, the politics of Traveller exclusion and multiculturalism in Ireland examine the mechanics of exclusion resulting from institutional racism within political and administrative processes. The book locates Irish responses to asylum seekers, immigrant minority communities and travelling people within a history of indigenous Irish racisms. This book will be important for students of contemporary Irish society and Irish social history and for those interested in politics, sociology and social policy and social history. Contents 1. Introduction 2. Racism in Ireland 3. Nation-building and exclusion 4. Ireland and the Holocaust 5. Refugees and asylum seekers 6. The politics of Traveller exclusion 7. The legacy of anti-Traveller racism 8. Multiculturalism in Ireland Index

The education system should be in the forefront of the battle to combat racial inequality. The contributors to this book, however, argue that, far from reducing racial inequality, the education system in the UK systematically generates, maintains and reproduces it. Through careful consideration of the complex and pervasive nature of racism (and the practices it gives rise to) the contributors draw attention to the failure of the contemporaneous multicultural education theories and policies. The contributors' concerns are with: the role of the state in sustaining and legitimating racial inequalities in education; black students' experiences of racism in schools and post-school training schemes; and proposals for the realization of genuine and effective antiracist education principles.

Social Justice is a concept familiar to most Indians but one whose meaning is not always understood as it signifies a variety of government strategies designed to enhance opportunities for underprivileged groups. By tracing the trajectory of social justice from the colonial period to the present, this book examines how it informs ideas, practices and debates on discrimination and disadvantage today.

After outlining the historical context for reservations for scheduled castes and scheduled tribes that began under British colonial rule, the book examines the legal and moral strands of demands raised by newer groups since 1990. In addition the book shows how the development of quota policies has been significantly influenced by the nature and operation of democracy in India. It describes the recent proliferation of quota demands for reservations in higher education, private sector and for women and religious minorities in legislative assemblies. The book goes on to argue that while proliferation of demands address unequal incidence of poverty, deprivation and inequalities across social groups and communities, care has to be taken to ensure that existing justifications for quotas for discriminated groups due to caste hierarchies are not undermined.

Providing a rich historical background to the subject, the book is a useful contribution to the study on the evolution of multiple conceptions of social justice in contemporary India.

"Social Inequality -- examining our present while understanding our past
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"Social Inequality and Social Statification in US Society, 1/e "includes three core tools (historical scope, qualitative data, and a conceptual framework) to explain social stratification and social inequality.
The historical scope gives context to each issue discussed, and allows the reader to understand how each topic has evolved over the course of American history. Qualitative data helps explain socioeconomic issues and connects related topics. A conceptual framework serves to analyze the impact of capital types throughout the text, and map the prospects for individuals, families, and classes to maintain or alter their position in social-stratification systems. Additional theories and concepts help to further analyze topics throughout the text. Learning Goals
Upon completing this book, readers should be able to:

• Analyze the four major American classes, as well as how race and gender link to inequalities in the United States
• Understand attempts to reduce social inequality
• Identify major historical events that have influenced current trends
• Understand how qualitative sources help reveal the inner workings that accompany people's struggles with the socioeconomic order, which are particularly helpful in displaying the complexity of intersectionality
• Recognize impacts on individuals, families, and also classes to maintain or alter their position in social-stratification systems

The 21st century has brought with it unparalleled levels of diversity in the classroom and the workforce. It is now common to see in elementary school, high school, and university classrooms, not to mention boardrooms and factory floors, a mixture of ethnicities, races, genders, and religious affiliations. But these changes in academic and economic opportunities have not directly translated into an elimination of group disparities in academic performance, career opportunities, and levels of advancement. Standard explanations for these disparities, which are vehemently debated in the scientific community and popular press, range from the view that women and minorities are genetically endowed with inferior abilities to the view that members of these demographic groups are products of environments that frustrate the development of the skills needed for success. Although these explanations differ along a continuum of nature vs. nurture, they share in common a presumption that a large chunk of our population lacks the potential to achieve academic and career success.
In contrast to intractable factors like biology or upbringing, the research summarized in this book suggests that factors in one's immediate situation play a critical yet underappreciated role in temporarily suppressing the intellectual performance of women and minorities, creating an illusion of group differences in ability. Research conducted over the course of the last fifteen years suggests the mere existence of cultural stereotypes that assert the intellectual inferiority of these groups creates a threatening intellectual environment for stigmatized individuals - a climate where anything they say or do is interpreted through the lens of low expectations. This stereotype threat can ultimately interfere with intellectual functioning and academic engagement, setting the stage for later differences in educational attainment, career choice, and job advancement.

African-Americans' analysis of, and interest in, foreign affairs represents a rich and dynamic legacy, and this work provides a cutting edge insight into this neglected aspect of US foreign affairs. In addition to extending the parameters of US foreign policy literature to include race and ethnicity, the book documents case-specific analyses of the evolutionary development of the African American foreign affairs network (AAFAN). Whilst the examination of race in regard to the construction of US foreign policy is significant, this book also provides a cross disciplinary approach which utilises historical and political science methods to paint a more realistic appraisal of US foreign policy. Including analysis of original archival evidence, this theoretically informed work seeks to transcend the standard mono-disciplinary approach which overestimates the separation between domestic and foreign affairs. The unique approach of this work will add an important dimension to a newly emerging field and will be of interest to scholars in ethnic and racial studies, American politics, US foreign policy and US history.

Since German unification, there have been many reports about xenophobia in Germany and the government has attempted to stem the new wave of racism. In contrast, the voices of the victims of racism -- refugees, asylum seekers, immigrants -- are seldom heard.
This first anthology of essays by significant writers from minority groups in Germany -- Turks, Afro-Germans, German Jews, Eastern Europeans and others -- sheds new light on the diverse experiences of minority groups living in Germany today. It also introduces to English-speaking audiences innovative literary talents whose contribution to German culture has not yet received the attention it deserves.
Students of contemporary German culture who wish to increase their understanding of the changing nature of German society will find this book invaluable. It will also be of interest to anyone following the rise of xenophobia in Germany, its possible causes, and the changing politics of immigration.

The professions have undergone massive changes in recent decades, as globalization, information technology, bureaucratization and market competition have begun to envelop even the most prestigious occupations in contemporary societies. Ironically, at a time when expert knowledge has grown increasingly important, the 'golden age' of the professions has receded into the past. Professional autonomy, authority, and ethics are all under siege, and even their claims to exclusive control of knowledge face challenges on multiple fronts. Volume 34 of Research in the Sociology of Work explores how the professions are faring in this changed world, shedding new light on a field that has long been at the center of social science thinking about the economy, the state, and social order. Chapters in this volume explore a series of questions that are vital to modern life, such as: How has increased control by employers and clients altered the experience of work for professionals? What are the new bases of professional status? How are underrepresented groups faring within the professions? How do professionals respond to precarity and unemployment?