Podgorecki examines oppression that results from pressures inside social groupings, large and small, effected by different normative and conformity-inducing mechanisms designed to regulate human behavior. Podgorecki provides a critical examination of the empirical findings in the most important and imaginative experimental studies of various types of oppression (including those by Milgram and Zimbardo), as well as data collected in "natural" settings like asylums or concentration camps. New interpretations of those findings furnish a new angle of vision requiring modification of the existing typologies of individual adaptation including the best known typology elaborated by Merton (conformity, ritualism, innovation, withdrawal, rebellion). Podgorecki goes on to trace regularities in historically recorded patterns of behavior of people living under totalitarian and post-totalitarian conditions. Finally, based on these insights and on the recent developments in sociology of law, a new theory of law is advanced, which utilizes as its important axis a conceptual differentiation between the official and intuitive law. Recommended for scholars of sociology, social psychology, political science, and especially criminology.

Stress is an increasingly popular subject and is studied across a range of areas within psychology. Examples relate to everyday issues like school, family and stress within the workplace. New edition examines stress related to current hot topics, like stress and technology.

* The book demonstrates how a vernacular British performance form emerged as a hybrid of forms from Afro-American and minstrel, as well as French mime and Italian commedia dell'arte roots. * Theatre history is an essential part of theatre and drama courses across the UK and would be recommended reading. * There is no comparable book which makes critical analysis of British pierrot troupes and concert parties in existence - the only ones that do exist on the specific topic are written as reminiscence and anecdote.

The book is structured as follows: * An introduction of old Bantu culture * An account of modern Bantu life * Discussion of the influence exerted by Christianity and Education upon communal life of the Bantu * Examination of special aspects of Bantu culture as they have been modified by Western civilization: language and music * The economic, political and legal positions of the native tribes in South Africa are also covered. First published in 1934.

This study analyses the way in which tribal ties are maintained in the development of a tribally mixed, middle class community in Kampala, Uganda. Political independence in the early nineteen sixties in much of Africa created expectations of increased development, education and living standards. There was hope that ethnic tensions arising from false colonial boundaries might be transcended by newly emerging socio-economic status-groups. However, the new national boundaries suddenly made aliens of peoples who had migrated and settled in towns distant from their home countries. The interplay of nationality, ethnicity and socio-economic status or class was given a new theatre. Hope was dramatically tempered by nationalist and ethnic conflicts which cut across ethnically mixed, small status groups of neighbours and friends. In Kampala, Uganda, this rapidly unfolding drama resulted in the expulsion of two Kenyan ethnic groups and polarised peoples from northern and southern Uganda. The essentialisation of ethnic and national identity imposed by colonialism was thus taken on in this new situation by the people themselves, with the result that they became 'cultural' starting-points of social and political judgement. Originally published in 1969.

The essays in this volume present a thorough re-evaluation of the idea of place for the twenty-first century, linking across theoretical interests in space and spatialisation and in motion and mobility. 'Placing' becomes an active process that happens in different parts of the world, and there is work here from the countries of the United Kingdom, from Ireland, the USA, Australia and mainland Europe. Placing also happens in different contexts, in the production of visual images, in translation, in performance and in poetry that is both 'there' and 'here'. The range of poets under consideration matches the breadth of the range of the contributors. International in scope, and drawn from a variety of practices and processes, their combination in a single volume leads to unusual connections and new readings of their work.

Does Northern Ireland need `identity'? Does it make sense to discuss politics and literature in such terms? And what does it mean to make a connection between poetry and violence? In this controversial and original study, the Northern Irish poet and critic Peter McDonald examines the poetry of Seamus Heaney, along with work by Louis MacNeice, John Hewitt, Michael Longley, Derek Mahon, Tom Paulin, Ciaran Carson, Paul Muldoon, and others. He argues against the totalizing ambitions of identity-politics, and questions the value of nationalist assumptions, amongst both Irish and non-Irish critics, for the understanding of Northern Irish poetry. McDonald contends that a close attention to this poetry disables crude analysis and subverts political analogies in terms of `identity'. In a series of subtle and illuminating readings, Mistaken Identities shows how the best poets from Northern Ireland have made an issue of poetic form, and establishes the significance of this for post-nationalist criticism on both sides of the Irish Sea.

Social networks as a concept was developed through social psychological work on the communication and leadership structures of small groups, and in sociological and anthropological work on kinship and community relations. From the 1960s, this idea came to be extended to a wider range of social relations (especially economic and political relations) through the formulation of mathematical models of networks. Advances in computing technology allowed the construction of more systematic and more powerful network methods.
The aim of this collection is to bring together the principal sources in the development of the techniques of social network analysis, from early metaphorical statements in Simmel and Radcliffe-Brown, through the more systematic explorations in sociology and social anthropology to contemporary formalizations.
A new introduction explores the history of social networks and highlights the arguments of those who treat social network analysis as a loose, qualitative approach, as well as those who see potential in its technical, mathematical uses.

The book describes the alliance, since the mid-1980s, of the entrepreneurs of the Chinese diaspora with the new locally based industrialisation that reform in China has allowed to flourish in its townships and villages. The synergy between these two derives from the ability of small non-bureaucratic actors on both sides to establish networks based on personal trust and reciprocity, producing a new kind of transformative development-from-below in which established Western and Japanese multinationals have little role.

This volume discusses aspects of small scale societies, including the study of the mental processes, as well as indigenous economics and law.

* Comparative research on action to achieve local sustainable development in 11 European countries* The most broad-based and systematic study of Local Agenda 21 ever produced* Invaluable case studies and analysis for the future on achieving local sustainabilityThe book presents detailed comparative research into the implementation in 11 European countries of Local Agenda 21 - the action plan for sustainable development at community level. Overviews of implementation in each country are accompanied by analysis of positive and negative changes, as well as a comparative analysis with high academic and policy relevance. Numerous practical examples are included of best cases and crucial 'barriers. Highly relevant for preparations for the Earth Summit planned for 2002, the volume is directly relevant to political scientists and sociologists working on political change and governance issues.

Contents:
Introduction Joan Ramon Resina. 1. Tough Beauty: Bilboa As Ruin, Architecture and Allegory Joseph Zulaika 2. Santiago de Compostela or the Obsession with Identity Javier Gomez-Montero 3. A Walk About Lisbon Miguel Tamen 4. Getting to Salamanca (And Away): One Approach, Nine Vistas and a Retrospective that Does not Take Place Hans Ulrich Gumbrecht

International migration and urbanization are key dimensions of the process of socioeconomic development. The unprecedented movement of peoples within the borders of their own countries is undoubtedly one of the greatest transformations of humankind witnessed in the 20th century. International migration, while it has received perhaps less attention, is an equally important process in many societies. Policy analysts, especially those from developing countries where the phe nomenon of internal migration can be felt first hand, view migration as among the most important factors affecting the course of development. They conSistently report that understanding the causes and effects of internal migration and urbanization is vital to putting in place poliCies to cope with the stresses and harness the potentials of migration in the most efficient way possible. The world's population will surpass the 6 billion mark in 1998. In just a few years more, another demographic landmark will be reached when over half of the world's population will be urban dwellers. From that point on, the world is forecast to become increasingly urban. Latin America has already gone through this urban revolution and now has an urban population about three times larger than its rural popula tion. In the area of urbanization, the greatest changes in the future will occur in Mrica and Asia whose populations are still only about 35 percent urban."

A compendium of articles that focus on how communities can be viewed from an organizational context, and how organizations are using communities to leverage external stakeholders, such as customers and suppliers. "Communities" are any cross-organizational subset of people that share a common knowledge, and these communities are the vehicle for social capital Within all communities are informal clusters of individuals who work together - sharing knowledge, solving common problems and exchanging insights and frustrations. When appropriately supported by the formal organization, these "communities" play a critical role: they are the major building blocks in creating, sharing and applying organizational knowledge Organizations ranging from British Petroleum to the World Bank have begun to invest time, energy and money in supporting their own communities, viewing these groups as essential vehicles for managing their organizational knowledge as a necessity to maintain competitive advantage. This book looks at how they achieve success using this approach.

1. The book provides informal educators with practical resources that will help them to build dynamic digital engagement experiences within their own cultural organizations. 2. It will be an essential guide for professionals who are tasked with interpreting the content of a cultural organization and building lasting digital engagement opportunities. It will also be of interest to practitioners-in-training. 3. This is the first book on interactive virtual learning to be written for those working in the field of museum education.

An edited collection exploring divisions and changes within and between the spheres of consumption and production. Topics include: the relationship between consumption and production; the social construction of consumers; housing and social class mobility; health provision; the role of the 'service class'; and access to higher education. Peter Saunders' work provides the initial stimulus for many of the papers, but all go beyond his narrow conception of a sociology of consumption and his liberal analysis of patterns of social inequality.

The intercultural occurs in the space between two or more distinct cultures that encounter each other, an area where meanings are translated and difference is negotiated. In this volume, scholars from diverse disciplines reflect on the phenomenon of interculturality and on the theoretical and methodological frameworks of interpreting it

Compelling, moving and unexpected portraits of London's poor from a rising star British historian - the Dickensian city brought to real and vivid life. Until now, our view of bustling late Georgian and Victorian London has been filtered through its great chroniclers, who did not themselves come from poverty - Dickens, Mayhew, Gustave Dore. Their visions were dazzling in their way, censorious, often theatrical. Now, for the first time, this innovative social history brilliantly - and radically - shows us the city's most compelling period (1780-1870) at street level. From beggars and thieves to musicians and missionaries, porters and hawkers to sex workers and street criers, Jensen unites a breadth of original research and first-hand accounts and testimonies to tell their stories in their own words. What emerges is a buzzing, cosmopolitan world of the working classes, diverse in gender, ethnicity, origin, ability and occupation - a world that challenges and fascinates us still.

Little has been written on Palestinian society and almost nothing on the Christian communities. This book aims to fill that gap: to portray this unknown segment of Palestinian society and to describe the rich mosaic of the religious communities in Jerusalem. The work deals with the various aspects and problems of this minority within a minority--such as emigration, integration within the surrounding society, and the Christian Churches' position within the national states of Jordan and Israel. A major section deals with the Christians during the Intifada: the extent of their participation and involvement in it, as well as their national dilemma and search for identity. This work will be of interest to scholars and students in Middle Eastern studies, specifically the religious and social history of the Middle East.

First Published in 1998. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.

First published in 1998. This is the fifth volume of the Race, Class and Social Structure series. In this study of co-operative living Doctor Henrik Infield has chosen the Kvutza as a type of rural settlement already of the highest value to the Jewish National Home in Palestine, and probably of far-reaching significance in the future much beyond its borders. Doctor Infield writes not only as an acute observer of social relationships, but also as one who has lived with the workers of the Kvutzot.

First published in 1998. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.

There is a perceived North-South divide in British politics. In this study, William Field points out that this divide marks the resurgence of a core-periphery cleavage which was also dominant in British politics in the years before 1914. He shows how similar the geographical pattern of the vote was in the general election of 1989 to that in the two general elections of 1910, the last before the outbreak of World War I. Many of the same constitution issues - devolution and reform of the second chamber were coming to the fore then.

Part of a series that offers mainly linguistic and anthropological research and teaching/learning material on a region of great cultural and strategic interest and importance in the post-Soviet era.