Violence has marked relations between blacks and whites in America for nearly four hundred years. In The Lineaments of Wrath, James W. Clarke draws upon behavioral science theory and primary historical evidence to examine and explain its causes and enduring consequences. Beginning with slavery and concluding with the present, Clarke describes how the combined effects of state-sanctioned mob violence and the discriminatory administration of "race-blind" criminal and contract labor laws terrorized and immobilized the black population in the post-emancipation South. In this fashion an agricultural system, based on debt peonage and convict labor, quickly replaced slavery and remained the back-bone of the region's economy well into the twentieth century. Quoting the actual words of victims and witnesses from former slaves to "gangsta" rappers Clarke documents the erosion of black confidence in American criminal justice. In so doing, he also traces the evolution, across many generations, of a black subculture of violence, in which disputes are settled personally, and without recourse to the legal system. That subculture, the author concludes, accounts for historically high rates of black-on-black violence which now threatens to destroy the black inner city from within. The Lineaments of Wrath puts America's race issues into a completely original historical perspective. Those in the fields of political science, sociology, history, psychology, public policy, race relations, and law will find Clarke's work of profound importance.

Opening with a discussion of the key issues of globalization, migration, multiculturalism, multilingualism and global cities, David Block then turns to four detailed case studies: East Asian students living and working in London; foreign language teachers from France; London's growing Latino community; and second generation South Asian university students. Via these case studies the book explores the ambivalent and multi-layered identities of individuals who have crossed geographical and psychological borders during the course of their lifetimes and settled in London, the quintessential global city.

This book looks at Kurdish Nationalism in Iran and examines the links between the structural changes in the Kurdish economy and its political demands. Farideh Koohi Kamali argues that the transition of the nomadic, tribal society of Kurdistan to an agrarian village society was the beginning of a process by which Kurds saw themselves as a community of homogenous ethnic identity. The political movements of Kurds in Iran are discussed to illustrate that the different phases of economic development of Kurdish society played a great role in determining the way in which Kurds expressed their political demands for independence. MARKET 1: Postgraduates studying Middle East Studies; Development Studies; Ethnicity and Nationalism; International Studies; Refugee Studies; Peace Studies

Archiving Cultures defines and models the concept of a cultural archives focusing on how diverse communities express and record their heritage and collective memory and why and how these often-intangible expressions are archival records. Analysis of oral traditions, memory texts and performance arts demonstrate their relevance as records of their communities. Key features of this book include definitions of cultural heritage and archival heritage with an emphasis on intangible cultural heritage. Aspects of cultural heritage such as oral traditions, performance arts, memory texts and collective memory are placed within the context of records and archives. Presents strategies for reconciling intangible and tangible cultural expressions with traditional archival theory and practice. Offers both analog and digital models for constructing a cultural archives through examples and vignettes. Audience includes archivists and other information workers who challenge Western archival theory and scholars concerned with interdisciplinary perspectives on tangible and intangible cultural heritage. Relevant to scholars involved with non-textual materials. Will appeal to a range of academic disciplines engaging with 'the archive'.

Religion and the Social Order

In this book, the author gives the background to the 15-year-long saga of Hong Kong and the asylum seekers from Vietnam. In the run-up to 1997 - when the territory will become a Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China - there has been increasing tension associated with the presence of 50,000 Vietnamese men, women and children in Hong Kong. The majority of the people who fled from Vietnam are imprisoned in what has often been described as "appalling conditions' by a local adminstration that has been unable to find a solution to the problem.;The principal themes of the book cover screening and repatriation, the violence in the detention centres, the plight of children and the urgent need for the international community to be more generous to a group of people suffering from the horrors of war.;The author points to the wasted opportunities and the "unlived lives" of thousands of ordinary people from Vietnam who have been physically and emotionally bruised by the politics of another era, and the entrenched positions and vested interests of the Hong Kong, British and United States Governments.

A complementary companion to the author's Dictionary of Medieval Knighthood: Concepts and Terms (Westport, CT: Greenwood, 1986), this takes the Norman conquest of England in 1066 as its starting point and the late fourteenth century, marked by the unsuccessful revolt of the English peasantry in 1381, as its concluding point. The categories named in the subtitle encompass knights, nobles, rulers, clerics, fictional characters, literary works, chansons de geste, castles, battles, treaties, legal terms, and the authors whose works historical and fictional have transmitted the medieval heritage to later ages. Largely confining his scope to Anglo-Norman chivalry and politics, Broughton describes and analyzes the roles people, events, and places played in a colorful and bloody age. Within articles cross-references to other entries in this volume and the Concepts and Terms volume are nearly as thick as the rain of arrows from battlements during battle. This thorough cross-referencing is especially helpful to the casual reader who approaches these books without a background knowledge of knighthood and its social, political, and military dimensions. Together these two dictionaries offer modern readers the means to understand the medieval world. Wilson Library Bulletin This work, a companion volume to the Dictionary of Medieval Knighthood and Chivalry: Concepts and Terms (Greenwood Press, 1986), is designed to help the uninitiated reader understand more easily the development and growth of chivalry and knighthood in the medieval age. Focusing primarily on people, places, and events in France and England, Broughton provides a brief biography of major historical knights and other personages of note, descriptions of important literary knightly characters and the works in which they appear, identification of castles and other places of geographical interest, and accounts of major battles during the period 1050-1400. The entries are all arranged alphabetically, and virtually all include a reference to the primary scholarly works on the subject. Frequent cross references are made to the Concepts and Terms volume and to related entries in the present volume, enabling the researcher to find materials of interest easily. Broad in scope, the dictionary covers issues ranging from the Battle of Hastings, which brought the concept of knighthood to England in 1066, to the battle of Crecy (1346) and Poiters (1356) and the legendary Knights of King Arthur's Round Table. A significant contribution to the study of medieval history and literature, this volume will be an indispensable aid to students pursuing research in this area.

This book presents accounts of fieldwork conducted in French Louisiana by anthropologists and folklorists between the 1970s and 2000 and looks at the personal, ethical, political, and scientific issues researchers need to confront and resolve when they attempt to explain a modern complex culture by using the traditional tools and methods of anthropology, participant observation, and interviews.

The study casts a critical look at the core anthropological concepts of field, informants, and knowledge. In line with the ongoing reassessment of these concepts, it proposes that the field, identities, and knowledge acquired through research are not set, given entities but rather are a matter of construction. It shows how the personal profiles of the researchers (native or outsider, activist or academic, man or woman, black or white) contribute to frame the research. It illustrates the shifting of these identities during and after the research in response to personal, relational, and political circumstances. It also considers the application of the knowledge derived from research in the fields of tourism, cultural activism, and language policy in the context of the cultural renaissance experienced by Cajuns and Creoles over the past decades.

This is the seventh volume in a series designed to publish theoretical, empirical and review papers on scientific human ecology. Human ecology is interpreted to include structural and functional changes in human social organization and sociocultural systems.

This collection explores the relationship between new equality regimes and continued societal inequalities, exploring change, ambivalence and resistance specifically in relation to compulsory and post-compulsory education. It seeks to more fully situate the educational journeys and experiences of staff and students.

This reference book defines the work of major organizations in the United States concerned with public policies that affect 30 million elderly Americans today. In-depth analyses of the strategies, programs, and publications of eighty-three national non-profit and non-partisan groups give an overview of citizen work on behalf of the aging and the aged. A brief history of organizational development and a listing of pertinent national legislation provides important background information. Directories of other important organizations, a selected bibliography, a full index, and cross-references make this volume easy for students, professionals, and citizen activists to use.

Entries are arranged alphabetically--each entry contains sections on the origin and development of the group, its organization and funding, policy concerns and tactics, electoral activity, and publications and sources for further information. This volume joins a series of references that deal with the formation of public policy among different interest groups in the United States.

Porpora is concerned with the concept of social structure and with the relationship between social structure and the individual. He focuses on two different conceptions of social structure, the Durkheimian conception, which is the dominant way in which social structure is conceptualized by sociologists, and an alternative conception, based on a reading of Marx. The author discusses in depth the various aspects of these two divergent theories and shows how the Marxian conception of social structure underlies even the newer structural analyses of racism, sexism, and power that go beyond Marxian theory. He offers a sustained critique of Structural Sociology's theoretical elimination of the individual actor, which results in a corresponding elimination of any form of agency from the explanation of social structural processes.

Irmin Vinson's Some Thoughts on Hitler and Other Essays is a book about propaganda. Vinson explains how the organized Jewish community uses the memory of Adolf Hitler and the Holocaust as weapons to stigmatize the patriotism and ethnic pride not just of Germans, but of all whites, including those who fought against Hitler. In these clear, rational, and highly readable essays, Irmin Vinson demolishes this propaganda and exposes the insidious agenda behind it.

Written by a group of the UK's leading Sociologists, this book covers in one volume all of the themes central to an understanding of contemporary British Society. Essays provide an historical overview of such topics as class, gender, work, ethnicity and community but also make a theoretical and substantive contribution to current debates.

"On the whole, this much needed book offers both a necessary corrective to and further development of theoretical thinking about and empirical analysis of civil society. It should be required reading among historians, political scientists and sociologists alike." . Journal of Contemporary European Studies "Civil Society and Gender Justice does double intellectual duty: at the same time that it subjects the idea of civil society to scrupulous feminist critique, it demonstrates the theoretical utility and political necessity of that concept. Cogently argued and studded with illuminating transnational case studies, this single volume is priority reading for feminists, historians, and citizens." . Mary P. Ryan (University of California Berkeley) "Finally, in this rich collection of sparkling essays, the much ballyhooed concept of 'civil society' receives a searching critique and reconstruction from the standpoint of gender. Ranging well beyond the usual Western European and North American contexts, the contributors disclose both the exclusionary limitations and the transformative prospects of multiple incarnations and imaginings of civil society." . Nancy Fraser (New School for Social Research) Civil society and civic engagement have increasingly become topics of discussion at the national and international level. The editors of this volume ask, does the concept of "civil society" include gender equality and gender justice? Or, to frame the question differently, is civil society a feminist concept? Conversely, does feminism need the concept of civil society? This important volume offers both a revised gendered history of civil society and a program for making it more egalitarian in the future. An interdisciplinary group of internationally known authors investigates the relationship between public and private in the discourses and practices of civil societies; the significance of the family for the project of civil society; the relation between civil society, the state, and different forms of citizenship; and the complex connection between civil society, gendered forms of protest and nongovernmental movements. While often critical of historical instantiations of civil society, all the authors nonetheless take seriously the potential inherent in civil society, particularly as it comes to influence global politics. They demand, however, an expansion of both the concept and project of civil society in order to make its political opportunities available to all."

This book examines the concept of 'community unionism, ' which argues that the future of the labour movement and industrial relations lies with the community and local labor markets. Providing a conceptual overview of the term, the book uses international case studies and draws on faith-based organizations to explore the issue.

In this authoritative volume, leading researchers offer diverse theoretical perspectives and a wide-range of information on the beginnings and nature of social inequality in past human societies. Their illuminating work investigates the role of status differentiation in traditional archaeological debates and major societal transitions. This volume features numerous case studies from the Old and New World spanning foraging societies to agricultural groups and complex states. Diachronic in view and archaeological in focus, this book will be of significant interest to archaeologists, anthropologists, and students.

This is the seventh volume in a series designed to publish theoretical, empirical and review papers on scientific human ecology. Human ecology is interpreted to include structural and functional changes in human social organization and sociocultural systems.

The Nordic Atlantic area has seen remarkable examples of social formations in areas that many would perceive as too remote to allow the construction of functioning communities. But through innovations, networking and the formation of identities people have coped with distances, thus continuously rebuilding societies in Northern Norway, Iceland, the Faroes and Greenland. Living conditions in the Nordic Atlantic are so extreme that one might ask whether the notion of society is applicable under these circumstances. The author argues that, yes, there is a meaningful way of comprehending these social formations, which is through the spatial and temporal practices that produce, reproduce, stabilize, destabilize and change them. He introduces the concept of coping, which means neither mastering nor adapting but relates to in-between strategies and tactics reflected in practices of securing people's way of life under conditions that are never totally under their control.

'Baerenholdt's compelling work addresses themes and ideas that extend well beyond the North Atlantic...His well-researched, intriguing study delves into theories of social formation as well as the histories and intricacies of historical and modern Nordic societies... and] presents the complexity of social formation in the Nordic Atlantic in an in-depth and approachable format.' Choice

'In many ways, Baerenholdt's work constitutes a departure from traditional approaches to thinking about territory and society making. It challenges the dominant, traditional views of societies, namely theoretical perspectives on societies as contained within given territories and shaped largely by external forces.' Canadian Review of Sociolog

In recent years there has been a resurgence of interest in alienation by writers throughout the world. At least in the economically advanced nations, one reason for the rediscovery of alienation is the need for a term to denote the relatively new phenomenon of dissatisfaction in the midst of material prosperity and political freedom. The contributors to this volume collectively seek a concept of alienation that will be a useful tool in social diagnosis--a key to identifying causes of undesirable social conditions. The result is a collection of essays in policy-oriented social theory, keyed to problems of modern life at the end of the twentieth century and written from richly diverse cultural, political, and philosophical backgrounds. The linchpin of the volume is the essay by Melvin Seeman, which discusses and connects two distinct approaches to alienation theory, one that emphasizes subjective feelings and one that emphasizes social structures as definitive of alienation. The other essays range from theoretical critiques of Marxist and Durkheimian explanations, to the role of alienation in political systems in East and West, to empirical studies in Swedish factories and among Israeli kibbutzim. In all the essays, the idea of alienation as a loss of the sense of belonging to community plays a role. Some of the essays are critical of a communitarian approach, some deal with it obliquely and others overtly espouse it. All are policy oriented, suggesting explicitly or indirectly work- and community- dealienation strategies for modern industrial societies. This book is useful as a supplementary text in social and political philosophy courses, and sociology and social psychology courses dealing with urban problems.

The concept of sustainability holds that the social, economic, and environmental factors within human communities must be viewed interactively and systematically. Sustainable development cannot be understood apart from a community, its ethos, and ways of life. Although broadly conceived, the pursuit of sustainable development is a local practice because every community has different needs and quality of life concerns. Within this framework, contributors representing the disciplines of anthropology, sociology, geography, economics, law, public policy, architecture, and urban studies explore sustainability in communities in the Pacific, Latin America, Sub-Saharan Africa, Eastern Europe, and North America. Contributors: Janet E. Benson, Karla Caser, Snjezana Colic, Angela Ferreira, Johanna Gibson, Krista Harper, Paulo Lana, Barbara Yablon Maida, Carl A. Maida, Kenneth A. Meter, Dario Novellino, Deborah Pellow, Claude Raynaut, Thomas F. Thornton, Richard Westra, Magda Zanoni

This is the fourth volume in a series designed to publish theoretical, empirical and review papers on scientific human ecology. Human ecology is interpreted to include structural and functional changes in human social organization and sociocultural systems as these changes may be affected by, interdepent with, or identical to changes in ecosystemic, evolutionary or ethological processes factors or mechanisms. Three degrees of scope are included in this interpretation: the adaptation of sociocultural forces to bioecological forces; the interactions, two-way adaptations, between sociocultural and bioecological forces; and the integration, or unified interactions, of sociocultural with bioecological forces.