In recent years, communication scholars have taken a renewed interest in analyzing the audience and its impact on the communication process. Similarly, news editors and producers have often turned toward a marketing orientation which seeks to give new readers and viewers what they want, or at least what they say they want. Yet, there has still been little written about just how the audience factors into the news which is produced. Seeking to fill that niche, this book argues that audience images are quite important in the construction of news, but not easily detected. That is because journalists are not principally interested in their audience; they are interested in the news.
USE THIS PARAGRAPH ONLY FOR GENERAL CATALOGS... This volume argues that although journalistic images of the audience may be "incomplete," they do exist and powerfully help shape the work of journalists in producing journalistic texts. Using a case study of news workers and news texts at two Chicago newsgathering organizations, the Chicago Tribune and WGN-TV, this book:
* examines notions of audience and how they have been treated by academicians,
* presents a detailed description of the ways in which audience is embedded within the news construction process,
* presents a very representative set of journalistic news values,
* presents differing ideas of audience at three key levels of the news organizations -- reporters and news gatherers, editors and producers, and senior editors, producers, and news directors, and
* seeks to summarize and position this study within the larger body of mass communication research.

The combination of international privatization trends coupled with advancements in computer and communication technology have transformed the conduct of international business. The result has been a consolidation of players in all aspects of business, including banking, aviation, insurance, and mass media. This book discusses one such player -- the Transnational Media Corporation (TNMC).
Long remembered as a time of rapid growth and expansion for international business, the decades of the '80s and '90s were a period characterized by major mergers and acquisitions. Good examples of this include Time Inc.'s 1989 merger with Warner Communication for $11.2 billion and Walt Disney's 1996 purchase of Cap Cities/ABC for $19.5 billion. According to the late Steven Ross, former co-chief executive officer of Time-Warner, "In order to succeed in business today, you must be in all the major markets of the world." TNMCs have indeed become salient features of today's global economic landscape.
This volume asks the most basic of questions: What makes a global corporation global? And, to what extent do TNMCs affect the marketplace of ideas? This book, then, is intended for the business professional or student who is interested in understanding the business and operations of transnational media.
Part I examines the regulatory and economic reasons prompting the formation of a TNMC. It seeks to explain why such companies engage in direct foreign investment and further considers how transnational operations affect the development of new media products in terms of cost, quality, and availability. The TNMC is unique among global corporations given the fact that its primary business is the creation of information and entertainment products. This book also examines the highly complex relationship between TNMCs and the host nations in which they operate. It further considers such specific issues as cultural trespass, transborder data flow, and the effects of transnational media on the marketplace of ideas.
Part II of this volume provides a series of case study analyses of five leading TNMCs including Time-Warner Inc., Sony Inc., Bertelsmann AG, the Walt Disney Company, and News Corporation Ltd. Specific attention is given to the history, business philosophy, and economic performance of each of these companies.

This article reviews network-management problems, technologies and standards, outlining the problems and challenges of the field. It overviews the functions and architectures, of various components of network-management systems (NMSs), describing key network-management application areas.

The combination of international privatization trends coupled with advancements in computer and communication technology have transformed the conduct of international business. The result has been a consolidation of players in all aspects of business, including banking, aviation, insurance, and mass media. This book discusses one such player -- the Transnational Media Corporation (TNMC).
Long remembered as a time of rapid growth and expansion for international business, the decades of the '80s and '90s were a period characterized by major mergers and acquisitions. Good examples of this include Time Inc.'s 1989 merger with Warner Communication for $11.2 billion and Walt Disney's 1996 purchase of Cap Cities/ABC for $19.5 billion. According to the late Steven Ross, former co-chief executive officer of Time-Warner, "In order to succeed in business today, you must be in all the major markets of the world." TNMCs have indeed become salient features of today's global economic landscape.
This volume asks the most basic of questions: What makes a global corporation global? And, to what extent do TNMCs affect the marketplace of ideas? This book, then, is intended for the business professional or student who is interested in understanding the business and operations of transnational media.
Part I examines the regulatory and economic reasons prompting the formation of a TNMC. It seeks to explain why such companies engage in direct foreign investment and further considers how transnational operations affect the development of new media products in terms of cost, quality, and availability. The TNMC is unique among global corporations given the fact that its primary business is the creation of information and entertainment products. This book also examines the highly complex relationship between TNMCs and the host nations in which they operate. It further considers such specific issues as cultural trespass, transborder data flow, and the effects of transnational media on the marketplace of ideas.
Part II of this volume provides a series of case study analyses of five leading TNMCs including Time-Warner Inc., Sony Inc., Bertelsmann AG, the Walt Disney Company, and News Corporation Ltd. Specific attention is given to the history, business philosophy, and economic performance of each of these companies.

In the wake of the withdrawal of commercial journalism from local communities at the beginning of the 21st century, Hyperlocal Journalism critically explores the development of citizen-led community news operations. The book draws together a wide range of original research by way of case studies, interviews, and industry and policy analysis, to give a complete view of what is happening to communities as their local newspapers close or go into decline to be replaced by emerging forms of digital news provision. This study takes the United Kingdom as its focus but its findings speak to common issues found in local media systems in other Western democracies. The authors investigate who is producing hyperlocal news and why, as well as production practices, models of community and participatory journalism, and the economics of hyperlocal operations. Looking holistically at hyperlocal news, Hyperlocal Journalism paints a vivid picture of citizens creating their own news services via social media and on free blogging platforms to hold power to account, redress negative reputational geographies, and to tell everyday stories of community life. The book also raises key questions about the sustainability of such endeavours in the face of optimism from commentators and policy-makers.

Buying and Clearing Rights is the first work to consider the difficulties of rights clearances in all forms of media. It offers practical advice on how to plan, clear and pay for rights. Covering such areas as co-production and the co-financing of contracts, multimedia, text, pictures, footage, software, moral rights and production paperwork, this book will be of use to producers, directors, suppliers of creative material and distributors as well as academics and media studies students.

This up-to-date, accessible textbook presents a comprehensive overview of the history, present and future prospects of French media, and considers the successes and failures of the French media policy from 1945 to the present day.
Raymond Kuhn investigates the politics and economics of the press, radio and television, from the days of state intervention and monopoly provision to current trends towards deregulation and pluralism, and discusses the importance of the new media' of cable and satellite broadcasting. Kuhn explores in particular the changing inter-relationship between media and state, as ownership and indirect interference decline while the state remains a key part of the media landscape in its policy making and regulatory roles.
The Media in France is essential reading for all students of French, European and Media Studies.

Social scientists often dismiss the media as untrustworthy and irresponsible and the media frequently regard social scientists as incapable of giving a straight answer. The contributors to this volume complain of having been misrepresented, misquoted and edited out of all recognition. That this clash of cultures should occur is not surprising given the different priorities and perspectives of the social sciences and the media. This work examines these issues from the viewpoint of the media and social scientists who have had extensive media contact. The academics contributing to this book have conducted research on a diverse range of topics including: education, stress, football hooliganism, intelligence, risk factors for illness, drug use, performance appraisal in universities, politics, sex, religion, pornography, female sexuality, terrorism, youth culture and media studies. There are also chapters from well-known media practitioners, from radio, the television and newspapers. Based on the contributions, the editors offer practical suggestions for social scientists to help them work more effectively with the media and thereby reach a wider audience.

Born in 1897, Milly Bennett lived an extraordinary life that led from her native San Francisco, to Honolulu, to China for the revolution, to the Soviet Union on the eve of World War II, to the Spanish Civil War, and home again, a journey punctuated with many love affairs, triumphs, and disappointments. This memoir of Milly's early years through her extended stay in China, places the current political turmoil there into a broader historical perspective. Nominally an autobiography of a remarkable woman and her brief time in China, it goes beyond the narration of an individual life by contributing details of a period of great instability, as well as exploring the sensitive topic of the involvement of foreigners in the internal politics of China.

Born in 1897, Milly Bennett lived an extraordinary life that led from her native San Francisco, to Honolulu, to China for the revolution, to the Soviet Union on the eve of World War II, to the Spanish Civil War, and home again, a journey punctuated with many love affairs, triumphs, and disappointments. This memoir of Milly's early years through her extended stay in China, places the current political turmoil there into a broader historical perspective. Nominally an autobiography of a remarkable woman and her brief time in China, it goes beyond the narration of an individual life by contributing details of a period of great instability, as well as exploring the sensitive topic of the involvement of foreigners in the internal politics of China.

What is the potential for education collaboration in the single European market? Education in and about the media is expanding across Europe and, like the industries it studies, is changing rapidly. The future of media education is a matter of live concern in all European countries, as educators and practitioners throughout the continent come together to learn from each other and to plan for the changes to come. "Media Education Across Europe" identifies the developments now taking place within and across the boundaries of European nation-states. Germany, Italy, Spain, Belgium, Sweden and the Netherlands - exploring the development of courses and approaches to the subject in each country. The contributors also consider the prospects for European collaboration in media education; the possibilities opening up for graduate employment; and the future conflict - and co-operation - between media teachers and media employers.

In this book, Ralph Negrine examines the political role of the mass media in contemporary Britain. Covering the main features of the press and television, it develops an analysis of their relationships with "politics" and political and social institutions, using extensive examples and case studies.
"Politics and the Mass Media in Britain" deals with the major issues in media studies--competition, ownership, control, autonomy, impact--from broad political perspectives, thus avoiding a simplistic, ahistorical overview of the topic. The book also examines practices within television and print journalism, and the relationship between news, politics, and political parties. Negrine discusses the issues of "impact" and "influence," as well as raising fundamental questions about the extent to which ideas about "freedom of the press" and "responsibility" have any real value in the present day.

What is the potential for education collaboration in the single European market? Education in and about the media is expanding across Europe and, like the industries it studies, is changing rapidly. The future of media education is a matter of live concern in all European countries, as educators and practitioners throughout the continent come together to learn from each other and to plan for the changes to come. "Media Education Across Europe" identifies the developments now taking place within and across the boundaries of European nation-states. Germany, Italy, Spain, Belgium, Sweden and the Netherlands - exploring the development of courses and approaches to the subject in each country. The contributors also consider the prospects for European collaboration in media education; the possibilities opening up for graduate employment; and the future conflict - and co-operation - between media teachers and media employers.

"The only continuing source that helps users analyze, plan, design, evaluate, and manage integrated telecommunications networks, systems, and services, The Froehlich/Kent Encyclopedia of Telecommunications presents both basic and technologically advanced knowledge in the field. An ideal reference source for both newcomers as well as seasoned specialists, the Encyclopedia covers seven key areas--Terminals and Interfaces; Transmission; Switching, Routing, and Flow Control; Networks and Network Control; Communications Software and Protocols; Network and system Management; and Components and Processes."

Broadcasting Hollywood: The Struggle Over Feature Films on Early Television uses extensive archival research into the files of studios, networks, advertising agencies, unions and guilds, theatre associations, the FCC, and key legal cases to analyze the tensions and synergies between the film and television industries in the early years of television. This analysis of the case study of the struggle over Hollywood’s feature films appearing on television in the 1940s and 1950s illustrates that the notion of an industry misunderstands the complex array of stakeholders who work in and profit from a media sector, and models a variegated examination of the history of media industries. Ultimately, it draws a parallel to the contemporary period and the introduction of digital media to highlight the fact that history repeats itself and can therefore play a key role in helping media industry scholars and practitioners to understand and navigate contemporary industrial phenomena.

"Queer Looks" is a collection of writing by video artists, filmmakers, and critics which explores the recent explosion of lesbian and gay independent media culture. A compelling compilation of artists' statements and critical theory, producer interviews and image-text works, this anthology demonstrates the vitality of queer artists under attack and fighting back. Each maker and writer deploys a surprising array of techniques and tactics, negotiating the difficult terrain between street pragmatism and theoretical inquiry, finding voices rich in "chutzpah" and subtlety. From guerilla Super-8 in Manila to AIDS video activism in New York, "Queer Looks" zooms in on this very queer place in media culture, revealing a wealth of strategies, a plurality of aesthetics, and an artillary of resistances.

Series Information:
CultureWork: A Book Series from the Center for Literary and Cultural Studies at Harvard

How do people make music - and how does this activity relate to the policies of governments and the music industry? What is the relationship between live music and music we hear on the radio, or in music videos? How has the digital revolution affected music-making in industrialised and in developing nations? In Media Policy and Music Activity, Krister Malm and Roger Wallis look in depth at the relationships between policies governing the output of the music media and music activity in society. A practical base in case study material is combined with a broad theoretical framework for understanding the music media.