Applications of Biosurfactant in Agriculture explores the use of beneficial microorganisms as an alternative to current synthetic plant protection strategies. The book highlights a range of renewable raw substrates including agro-industrial waste as a dependable and cost-effective technology for the mass production of biosurfactant, emphasizes the formulation of biosurfactants using a full-factorial design, scientometric assessment, and presents mathematical modeling for the enhancement of production processes. Recent biotechnological techniques such as functional metagenomics that could help in the molecular characterization of novel biosurfactant with multifunctional activities majorly from uncultured and unexploited microbes available in the soil biosphere are also explored. This book identifies possible modes of action by which nutrients are normally released to plants through the formation of metal-biosurfactant complexes and presents recent research findings on the utilization of biosurfactants for the management of mycotoxins and microorganisms when evaluated in the field and in greenhouses. Finally, the book emphasizes the application of biosurfactants as a form of potent antibiotics for the management of several zoonotic diseases and in animal husbandry.

In 2007, scientists estimated the direct cost of diseases associated with mould and dampness on the US population to be in the range of 4 billion dollars, and the indirect costs of lost work and school days are gauged even higher. The US Centers for Disease Control recently concluded that elimination of moisture and mouldy materials in the home definitively results in improved health. Unfortunately, problems of accurate assessment and precise identification plague the full understanding of the effects of mould on human health. Addressing exposure assessment and identification, Microorganisms in Home and Indoor Work Environments: Diversity, Health Impacts, Investigation, and Control, Second Edition discusses the methodology for conducting investigations on indoor environments, including details on key fungi and actinobacteria, and reflects advances in predicting their occurrence in buildings in various parts of the world. Beginning with a review of types of microorganisms in outdoor and indoor air, their growth and control in home and work environments, and their role in respiratory disease, this second edition presents new studies on pollen and its allergenic effects, the mechanistic basis for the effects of toxins and inflammatory agents on lung biology, and the use of molecular methods for determining microbial contaminants. On the practical side, this edition examines remediation, control, and quality assurance; occupational exposures in a wide range of environments; and infectious fungi and bacterial endotoxins in the built environment. Bringing together the state-of-the-science in this health-critical field, this accurate and timely book offers researchers, public health officials, and industrial hygienists crucial information on specific microorganisms in the built environment, along with current measurement and assessment solutions to clean up indoor air and keep residents and workers healthy in the future.

Probiotics for Human Nutrition in Health and Disease provides a comprehensive resource of information on traditional and emerging health concepts and the development and application evolution of probiotics and their role in prevention and treatment of human metabolic disorders and illnesses. Key issues related to the general aspects of probiotics, probiotics in human nutrition, and probiotics in human health promotion and disease treatment are described and discussed. Sections discuss general features of probiotics, such as relationships with prebiotics, probiotics in human nutrition, including pregnancy, lactation, in children, and in the elderly, and the role of probiotics in human health and disease treatment. This book provides the most significant knowledge, mechanistic bases, uses, clinical perceptions, case studies and perspectives about probiotics for humans, considering possibilities and limitations in light of the appropriate available reference materials. Written by highly qualified researchers and edited by a team of experts, each chapter summarizes the latest available information on probiotics in human health and critically interprets the most significant evidence by applying the author's own practical experience from investigations with probiotics.

This volume results from a conference jointly sponsored by the Biotechnology Unit of the Government Chemist and the Society for Applied Bacteriology. ATP (Adenosine TriPhosphate - the basic molecule of energy) luminscence technology is an effective and rapid method for assaying microbial numbers. Although developed in the 1970s, only recently has the method been made reliable. This volume covers a broad range of topics concerned with this form of rapid microbiology. It contains detailed coverage of the most recent advances made in this area edited by the major authorities in the field.

In recent years, the field of pharmaceutical microbiology has experienced numerous technological advances, accompanied by the publication of new and harmonized compendial methods. It is therefore imperative for those who are responsible for monitoring the microbial quality of pharmaceutical/biopharmaceutical products to keep abreast of the latest changes. Microbial Limit and Bioburden Tests: Validation Approaches and Global Requirements guides readers through the various microbiological methods listed in the compendia with easy-to-follow diagrams and approaches to validations of such test methodologies. Includes New and Updated Material Now in its second edition, this work is the culmination of research and discussions with technical experts, as well as USP and FDA representatives on various topics of interest to the pharmaceutical microbiologist and those responsible for the microbial quality of products, materials, equipment, and manufacturing facilities. New in this edition is an entire chapter dedicated to the topic of biofilms and their impact on pharmaceutical and biopharmaceutical operations. The subject of rapid methods in microbiology has been expanded and includes a discussion on the validation of alternative microbiological methods and a case study on microbial identification in support of a product contamination investigation. Substantially updated and revised, this book assists readers in understanding the fundamental issues associated with pharmaceutical microbiology and provides them with tools to create effective microbial contamination control and microbial testing programs for the areas under their responsibility.

The collection of essays in Microbes in Agriculture and Environmental Development explores the applications of microbes for the improvement of environmental quality and agricultural productivity through inoculants and enzymes. These are useful for the conservation and restoration of degraded natural and agricultural ecosystems, crop yield extension, soil health improvement, and other aspects of agriculture and the environment. It discusses the effective use of microbial technology, wastewater treatment, and recycling of agricultural and industrial wastes. It provides detailed accounts of recent trends in microbial application in plant growth promotion, soil fertility, microbial biomass and diversity, and environmental sustainability through bioremediation, biodegradation, and biosorption processes Features: Discusses microbes and their applications for sustainable agriculture and environmental protection in agro-environmental circumstances Presents innovative and eco-friendly approaches for the remediation of contaminated soil and wastewater Focuses on green technologies and sustainability Includes chapters on sustainable agriculture development through increasing soil fertility, physico-chemical properties and soil microbial biomass in nutrient-deprived soils Defines the role of microbial bio formulation-based consortia in the productivity improvement of agricultural crops It will be an invaluable addition to the bookshelves of researchers and graduate students in agriculture and environmental engineering, soil science; microbiology, sustainable agriculture, and ecosystems. Dr. Chhatarpal Singh is presently the President of Agro Environmental Development Society (AEDS), Majhra Ghat, Rampur, Uttar Pradesh, India. Dr. Tiwari is currently working in the field of methanotrophs ecology (methane oxidizing bacteria), which is sole entity responsible for the oxidation of potent greenhouse gas CH4. Dr. Jay Shankar Singh is presently working as a faculty member in the Department of Environmental Microbiology at Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University in Lucknow, India. Dr. Ajar Nath Yadav is currently serving as an assistant professor in the Department of Biotechnology, Akal College of Agriculture, Eternal University, Baru Sahib, Himachal Pradesh, India.

Green Sustainable Process for Chemical and Environmental Engineering and Science: Biomedical Application of Biosurfactant in Medical Sector highlights the numerous applications of biosurfactants in the field of medicine, especially as a replacement to synthetic drugs which have developed several levels of resistance over the years. Special emphasis is laid on their application as non-pyrogenic and non-toxic immunological adjuvants and their inhibitory characteristics against H+, K+, -ATPase and defense against gastric ulcers, along with their practical application as anti-adhesive coating agents for medical insert materials. The book addresses issues by combining knowledge of their production with information on a range of medical applications. Drawing on the knowledge of its expert team of global contributors, this book provides useful insights for all those currently or potentially interested in developing or applying biosurfactants in their own work.

Petroleum Industry Wastewater: Advanced and Sustainable Treatment Methods discusses the status of different approaches and advanced processes involved in the treatment of petrochemical and petroleum industry wastewater. The book focuses on advanced, sustainable, and environmentally friendly technologies for removing toxic pollutants from contaminated waters. The book also explores the environmental aspects and impacts of the petroleum industry discharge wastewater, their effect on aquatic life, and possible ways to deal with these effects. Keeping the global water crisis and fast depletion of natural fresh water in mind, more immediate knowledge, information, implication, and effective utilization of available resources are required than we anticipated. The book brings a wide range of methodologies and perspectives under one roof in a comprehensive manner.

DIATOM MORPHOGENESIS A unique book presenting the range of silica structures formed by diatoms, theories and hypotheses of how they are made, and applications to nanotechnology by use or imitation of diatom morphogenesis. There are up to 200,000 species of diatoms, each species of these algal cells bearing an ornate, amorphous silica glass shell. The silica is structured at 7 orders of magnitude size range and is thus the most complex multiscalar solid structure known. Recent research is beginning to unravel how a single cell marshals chemical, physical, biochemical, genetic, and cytoskeletal processes to produce these single-cell marvels. The field of diatom nanotechnology is advancing as this understanding matures. Diatoms have been actively studied over the recent 10-20 years with various modern equipment, experimental and computer simulation approaches, including molecular biology, fluorescence-based methods, electron, confocal, and AFM microscopy. This has resulted in a huge amount of information but the key stages of their silica morphogenesis are still not clear. This is the time to reconsider and consolidate the work performed so far and to understand how we can go ahead. The main objective of this book is to describe the actual situation in the science of diatom morphogenesis, to specify the most important unresolved questions, and to present the corresponding hypotheses. The following areas are discussed: A tutorial chapter, with a glossary for newcomers to the field, who are often from outside of biology, let alone phycology; Diatom Morphogenesis: general issues, including symmetry and size issues; Diatom Morphogenesis: simulation, including analytical and numerical methods for description of the diatom valve shape and pore structure; Diatom Morphogenesis: physiology, biochemistry, and applications, including the relationship between taxonomy and physiology, biosilicification hypotheses, and ideas about applications of diatoms. Audience Researchers, scientists, and graduate students in the fields of phycology, general biology, marine sciences, the chemistry of silica, materials science, and ecology.

Microbiological matters continue to exercise considerable influence on product quality. In both the pharmaceutical and medical device industries, products of greater sophistication, along with evolving regulatory requirements, are elevating the challenges related to maintaining microbiological integrity.
Updated to reflect technological and regulatory changes, the Guide to Microbiological Control in Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices, Second Edition covers thoseprincipal aspects of microbiology that arerelevant to the preformulation, formulation, manufacturing, and license application stages involved with the production of pharmaceuticals and medical devices.
In recognition of the diverse disciplines involved in pharmaceutical and medical device production, this work provides a brief introduction to microbiology geared towards the nonmicrobiologist. Covering good manufacturing practice in the control of contamination, the text explores quality control, the preservation of formulations, and principles of sterilization, including microbiological-specific considerations for biotechnological products and other medical devices. It also provides additional materials on package integrity and contamination risks in clean rooms.
The editors have produced a companion text, the Handbook of Microbiological Quality Control in Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices ("see reverse"), which when paired with the Guide offers a complete theoretical and practical treatment of microbiological control.
This book provides a comprehensive distillation of information concerning methodology and regulations that would otherwise remain scattered throughout the literature. It allows scientists frommany fields to address potential problems in advance and implement suitable strategies at the earliest stages of development.

Advances in Oil-Water Separation: A Complete Guide for Physical, Chemical, and Biochemical Processes discusses a broad variety of chemical, physical and biochemical processes, including skimming, membrane separation, adsorption, onsite chemical reactions, burning and usage of suitable microbial strains for onsite degradation of oil. It critically reviews all current developments in oil-water separation processes and technologies, identifies gaps and illuminates the scope for future research and development in the field. This book provides researchers, engineers and environmental professionals working in oil recovery and storage with solutions for disposal of waste oil and separation of oil from water in a sustainable, environmentally-friendly way. As the book provides a complete state-of-art overview on oil-water separation technologies, it will also ease literature searches on oil-water separation technologies.

THE NEW YORK TIMES BESTSELLER FROM THE WINNER OF THE 2021 PULITZER PRIZE Your body is teeming with tens of trillions of microbes. It's an entire world, a colony full of life. In other words, you contain multitudes. They sculpt our organs, protect us from diseases, guide our behaviour, and bombard us with their genes. They also hold the key to understanding all life on earth. In I Contain Multitudes, Ed Yong opens our eyes and invites us to marvel at ourselves and other animals in a new light, less as individuals and more as thriving ecosystems. You'll never think about your mind, body or preferences in the same way again. 'Super-interesting... He just keeps imparting one surprising, fascinating insight after the next. I Contain Multitudes is science journalism at its best' Bill Gates SHORTLISTED FOR THE WELLCOME BOOK PRIZE 2017 SHORTLISTED FOR THE ROYAL SOCIETY SCIENCE BOOK PRIZE 2017

Presents descriptions and the most efficient uses for nearly 1400 media Includes a concise yet comprehensive introduction to food microbiology Offers an extensive index for quick access in addition to alphabetical organization Contains an extensive appendix that includes trademarks, a composition glossary, growth factors, and FDA recommendations for media choices Responding to an estimated 14 million cases of food-borne disease that occur every year in the United States alone, the Food and Drug Administration and US Department of Agriculture have begun implementing new regulations and guidance for the microbial testing of foods. Similarly, Europe and other regions are implementing stricter oversight, as foodborne pathogens that cause deadly diseases such as e. coli 0157: H7 have raised the stakes everywhere. Food safety scientists have acted on this growing public health risk by developing improved media for the cultivation of bacteria, fungi, and viruses, much of it geared toward specific rapid detection. Reflecting the development of these new media and the latest FDA recommendations, the second edition of the Handbook of Microbiological Media for the Examination of Food provides an essential resource for anyone involved with the monitoring of both food production and post-production quality control. Organized alphabetically by medium, the expanded edition of this highly respected handbook includes - Descriptions of nearly 1,400 media including those recommended by the FDA, as well as media used elsewhere in the world Concise and lucid instructions for the preparation and uses of each of the media Cross-referenced indexing that allows the media to be found by name or specific microorganism of interest Descriptions of expected results as they apply to microorganisms of importance for the examination of foods Common synonyms for the various media and listings of compositions, so that alternate media an be effectively employed

Advances in Dairy Microbial Products describes the importance and utility of microbial products used in dairy products. This book explains the makeup of these products in a scientifically sound yet simple manner. The appeal of this book is its holistic approach to addressing the different aspects of the dairy industry, from basic dairy microbial biochemistry to production of dairy products and their nutrient quality, and finally to machine learning applications in dairy industry. Comprised of chapters written and edited by international authorities and researchers with top expertise in dairy products, it offers both established and cutting-edge solutions to the numerous challenges commonly encountered in the industrial processing of milk and the production of milk products. This book offers a highly practical approach to the topic, addressing and tackling the problems faced in the workplace by dairy technologists. Researchers and practitioners will find this book to be an ideal source of thorough and up-to-date information on dairy microbial products while also appealing to beginners seeking to understand how advanced dairy technologies can increase the efficiency of current techniques.

Microoganisms are distributed across every ecosystem, and microbial transformations are fundamental to the operation of the biosphere. Microbial ecology is the study of this interaction between microorganisms and their environment, and arguably represents one of the most important areas of biological research. Yet for many years our study of microbial flora was severely limited: the primary method of culturing microorganisms on media allowed us to study only between 0.1 and 10% of the total microbial flora in any given environment. Molecular Microbial Ecology gives a comprehensive guide to the recent revolution in the study of microorganisms in the environment. Details are given on molecular methods for isolating some of the previously uncultured and numerically dominant microbial groups. PCR-based approaches to studying prokaryotic systematics are described, including ribosomal RNA analysis and stable isotope probing. Later chapters cover DNA hybridisation techniques (including fluorescent in situ hybridisation), as well as genomic and metagenomic approaches to microbial ecology. Gathering together some of the world's leading experts, this book provides an invaluable introduction to the modern theory and molecular methods used in studying microbial ecology.

The second edition of a bestseller, this book provides a comprehensive reference for the cultivation of bacteria, Archaea, and fungi from diverse environments, including extreme habitats. Expanded to include 2,000 media formulations, this book compiles the descriptions of media of relevance for the cultivation of microorganisms from soil, water, and air. The format allows easy reference to the information needed to prepare media for the cultivation of microorganisms required for environmental analysis, including the determination of water safety. The media are organized alphabetically, and each listing includes medium composition, instructions for preparation, commercial sources, and uses.

In recent years there has been increased interest in the possibility of rapid microbiological methods offering enhanced potential error detection capabilities. However, these methods raise a number of questions, such as how to validate new methods, will they be accepted by the pharmacopoeias, and, most importantly, how will the regulators respond? Rapid Microbiological Methods in the Pharmaceutical Industry answers these questions and more. Martin Easter and his panel of experts: Describe the range of rapid microbiological methods and their applications, including practical tips, and their status regarding validation, established use, and regulatory acceptance Explore the origins of current methods and the current issues facing the requirements of microbiology and its associated test methods Delineate the challenges involved in seeking better and more pragmatic methods for the assessment of microbial hazards and risks to ensure product and consumer safety The book assists you in applying an effective system to assess the real microbiological hazards and, hence, quantify realistic risks. Additionally, it provides monitoring methods that will deliver meaningful, useful data for effective decision making in manufacturing, quality assurance, and product safety. The expert and authoritative information in Rapid Microbiological Methods in the Pharmaceutical Industry will help you find better solutions to ensuring the microbiological safety of pharmaceutical products. Features

Biotechnological research has provided key developments in pest control agents, focusing on pathogens of insect pests as formulated biological pesticides. Emphasis has been placed on bacteria and viruses as they are well understood and easily manipulated.
This volume provides a comprehensive overview of the advances made in the use of bacteria, fungi and viruses, focusing on behavioural, chemical and molecular aspects. The authors discuss the potential of nematode-based biochemical agents and bioherbicids and explore the role of microbial biopesticides in integrated pest management and their prospects for commercil exploitation.

eBook available with sample pages: 0203303075

The 20th century has seen improvements in both public health and disease prevention which, in turn, have had a dramatic impact on our lives. Success in preventing infection by vaccination and treating infection with antibiotics led some to believe that infectious disease was a thing of the past. However, the adaptability of pathogens and the emergence of new diseases has presented microbiologists with a fresh set of challenges as we enter the new millennium. While celebrating past successes and highlighting developing problems, this volume aims to address some of the issues facing microbiologists in the future. Covering a wide range of topics, it will provide an invaluable resource for microbiologists and an excellent reference for advanced students.

Tackling the issue of water and wastewater treatment nowadays requires novel approaches to ensure that sustainable development can be achieved. Water and wastewater treatment should not be seen only as an end-of-pipe solution but instead the approach should be more holistic and lead to a more sustainable process. This requires the integration of various methods/processes to obtain the most optimized design. Integrated and Hybrid Process Technology for Water and Wastewater Treatment discusses the state-of-the-art development in integrated and hybrid treatment processes and their applications to the treatment of a vast variety of water and wastewater sources. The approaches taken in this book are categorized as (i) resources recovery and consumption, (ii) optimal performance, (iii) physical and environmental footprints, (iv) zero liquid discharge concept and are (v) regulation-driven. Through these categories, readers will see how such an approach could benefit the water and wastewater industry. Each chapter discusses challenges and prospects of an integrated treatment process in achieving sustainable development. This book serves as a platform to provide ideas and to bridge the gap between laboratory-scale research and practical industry application.

Microbes in Land Use Change Management details the various roles of microbial resources in management of land uses and how the microbes can be used for the source of income due to their cultivation for the purpose of biomass and bioenergy production. Using various techniques, the disturbed and marginal lands may also be restored eco-friendly in present era to fulfil the feeding needs of mankind around the globe. Microbes in Land Use Change Management provides standard and up to date information towards the land use change management using various microbial technologies to enhance the productivity of agriculture. Needless to say that Microbes in Land Use Change Management also considers the areas including generation of alternative energy sources, restoration of degraded and marginal lands, mitigation of global warming gases and next generation -omics technique etc. Land use change affects environment conditions and soil microbial community. Microbial population and its species diversity have influence in maintaining ecosystem balance. The study of changes of microbial population provides an idea about the variation occurring in a specific area and possibilities of restoration. Meant for a multidisciplinary audience Microbes in Land Use Change Management shows the need of next-generation omics technologies to explore microbial diversity.

Die Industrielle Mikrobiologie vereint das Fachwissen von Naturwissenschaftlern und Ingenieuren uber die Nutzung von Bakterien und Pilzen. Als innovative Querschnittsdisziplin bietet sie wichtige Voraussetzungen fur die Entwicklung konkurrenzfahiger Produkte auf der Basis umweltschonender Verfahren. So setzt z.B. die chemische Industrie heute bereits Mikroorganismen in Prozessen ein, um Rohstoffe und Energie sparen. In dieser Branche besteht ein zunehmender Bedarf an gut ausgebildeten Fachkraften.

Dieses neue Lehrbuch wurde von erfahrenen Wissenschaftlern aus Hochschulen und der Industrie verfasst. Es soll Studierende aus Life Science-Bachelorstudiengangen sowie fortgeschrittene Studierende der Chemie oder der Ingenieurwissenschaften in die Industrielle Mikrobiologie einfuhren. Es vermittelt die Grundlagen der Entwicklung von Produktionsstammen und erklart spezielle Verfahren zur Herstellung mikrobieller Produkte. Dabei wird aufgezeigt, wie das Potential der Mikroorganismen optimal genutzt werden kann.

Zunachst wird ein Uberblick uber die geschichtliche Entwicklung der Industrielle Mikrobiologie und eine Einfuhrung in die Bioverfahrenstechnik gegeben. Anschliessend werden in 10 Kapiteln ausgewahlte mikrobielle Verfahren zur Herstellung von Lebensmitteln, organischen Sauren, Alkoholen, Aminosauren, Vitaminen, Antibiotika, Pharmaproteinen, Enzymen, Biopolymeren sowie Steroiden und Aromastoffen beschrieben. Im letzten Kapitel wird am Beispiel der biologischen Abwasserreinigung aufgezeigt, dass die Mikroorganismen nicht nur ein enormes Synthese-, sondern auch ein grosses Abbaupotential besitzen, mit dem sie einen Beitrag zu den Stoffwechselkreislaufen auf unserer Erde leisten.

Die Autoren wunschen sich, dass dieses Lehrbuch das Interesse vieler Studierender an diesem spannenden Lehr- und Forschungsgebiet weckt und sie daraus Nutzen ziehen konnen, um dann selbst zur weiteren Entwicklung der Industriellen Mikrobiologie beizutragen.

"Highlights the availability of magnesium to organisms, its uptake and transport in microorganisms and plants as well as its role in health and disease of animals and humans including its toxicology."

The enormous genetic flexibility of bacteria jeopardizes the usefulness of currently available antibiotics, and requires new approaches to antibiotic discovery and development. Antimicrobial resistance can be acquired in a short time frame, both by genetic mutation and by direct transfer of resistance genes across genus and species boundaries. Understanding mechanisms of resistance is crucial to the future of antimicrobial therapy. Extensively revised, with contributions from international leaders in their fields, Bacterial Resistance to Antimicrobials, Second Edition blends scientific and practical approaches to the social, economic, and medical issues related to this growing problem. The book begins with a history of antimicrobial agents and bacterial resistance, and outlines the forces that contributed to the abuse of antibiotics and precipitated the current crisis. It goes on to describe what is known about the ecology of antibiotic resistant bacteria and reveals the inadequacies in our understanding. Emphasizing public health aspects, the editors stress that significant progress will be made only by addressing the problem only as a public, worldwide, problem. Chapters on resistance mechanisms describe the latest findings on what makes different groups of bacteria susceptible or resistant to antibiotics. They reveal the staggering diversity of bacteria and the need for a foundational understanding that will stimulate development of antibiotics capable of avoiding resistance mechanisms. Examining the success and limitations of complementary approaches, such as combining ss-lactam antibiotics with ss-lactamase inhibitors, the book brings together information on resistance mechanisms in different groups of bacteria to help future efforts to more effectively develop and deploy antimicrobial therapies.

This is a review text on medical microbiology and immunology containing approximately 625 board-type review questions on left-hand pages with answers and explanations on facing right-hand pages. It is designed for medical students taking microbiology as well as for those studying for Step 1 of the National Board Exams and is also useful for Step 3 National Boards on infectious diseases or allergy and immunology. The book's main sections cover general and medical microbiology, bacteriology, virology, immunology, and parasitology. The answers summarize relevant information and point out the fault in incorrect answers. Line drawings and figures are used for questions concerning structure of both molecules and organisms and for interpreting graphical results. Authors Reese, Brownell, and Nair, all with the Medical College of Georgia, bring a combined total of some 85 years of medical school teaching experience to their development of the questions and annotated answers for this book.