This book focuses on the calculus of variations, including fundamental theories and applications. This textbook is intended for graduate and higher-level college and university students, introducing them to the basic concepts and calculation methods used in the calculus of variations. It covers the preliminaries, variational problems with fixed boundaries, sufficient conditions of extrema of functionals, problems with undetermined boundaries, variational problems of conditional extrema, variational problems in parametric forms, variational principles, direct methods for variational problems, variational principles in mechanics and their applications, and variational problems of functionals with vector, tensor and Hamiltonian operators. Many of the contributions are based on the authors' research, addressing topics such as the extension of the connotation of the Hilbert adjoint operator, definitions of the other three kinds of adjoint operators, the extremum function theorem of the complete functional, unified Euler equations in variational methods, variational theories of functionals with vectors, modulus of vectors, arbitrary order tensors, Hamiltonian operators and Hamiltonian operator strings, reconciling the Euler equations and the natural boundary conditions, and the application range of variational methods. The book is also a valuable reference resource for teachers as well as science and technology professionals.

Mechanical Vibrations and Condition Monitoring presents a collection of data and insights on the study of mechanical vibrations for the predictive maintenance of machinery. Seven chapters cover the foundations of mechanical vibrations, spectrum analysis, instruments, causes and effects of vibration, alignment and balancing methods, practical cases, and guidelines for the implementation of a predictive maintenance program. Readers will be able to use the book to make predictive maintenance decisions based on vibration analysis. This title will be useful to senior engineers and technicians looking for practical solutions to predictive maintenance problems. However, the book will also be useful to technicians looking to ground maintenance observations and decisions in the vibratory behavior of machine components.

This book introduces readers to gas flows and heat transfer in pebble bed reactor cores. It addresses fundamental issues regarding experimental and modeling methods for complex multiphase systems, as well as relevant applications and recent research advances. The numerical methods and experimental measurements/techniques used to solve pebble flows, as well as the content on radiation modeling for high-temperature pebble beds, will be of particular interest. This book is intended for a broad readership, including researchers and practitioners, and is sure to become a key reference resource for students and professionals alike.

This book is intended as a study aid for the finite element method. Based on the free computer algebra system Maxima, we offer routines to symbolically or numerically solve problems from the context of two-dimensional problems. For this rather advanced topic, classical 'hand calculations' are difficult to perform and the incorporation of a computer algebra system is a convenient approach to handle, for example, larger matrix operations. The mechanical theories focus on the classical two-dimensional structural elements, i.e., plane elements, thin or classical plates, and thick or shear deformable plate elements. The use of a computer algebra system and the incorporated functions, e.g., for matrix operations, allows to focus more on the methodology of the finite element method and not on standard procedures. Furthermore, we offer a graphical user interface (GUI) to facilitate the model definition. Thus, the user may enter the required definitions in a source code manner directly in wxMaxima or use the GUI which is able to execute wxMaxime to perform the calculations.

This book focuses on the thermal management technology of lithium-ion batteries for vehicles. It introduces the charging and discharging temperature characteristics of lithium-ion batteries for vehicles, the method for modeling heat generation of lithium-ion batteries, experimental research and simulation on air-cooled and liquid-cooled heat dissipation of lithium-ion batteries, lithium-ion battery heating method based on PTC and wide-line metal film, self-heating using sinusoidal alternating current. This book is mainly for practitioners in the new energy vehicle industry, and it is suitable for reading and reference by researchers and engineering technicians in related fields such as new energy vehicles, thermal management and batteries. It can also be used as a reference book for undergraduates and graduate students in energy and power, electric vehicles, batteries and other related majors.

This textbook presents all the mathematical and physical concepts needed to visualize and understand representation surfaces, providing readers with a reliable and intuitive understanding of the behavior and properties of anisotropic materials, and a sound grasp of the directionality of material properties. They will learn how to extract quantitative information from representation surfaces, which encode tremendous amounts of information in a very concise way, making them especially useful in understanding higher order tensorial material properties (piezoelectric moduli, elastic compliance and rigidity, etc.) and in the design of applications based on these materials. Readers will also learn from scratch concepts on crystallography, symmetry and Cartesian tensors, which are essential for understanding anisotropic materials, their design and application. The book describes how to apply representation surfaces to a diverse range of material properties, making it a valuable resource for material scientists, mechanical engineers, and solid state physicists, as well as advanced undergraduates in Materials Science, Solid State Physics, Electronics, Optics, Mechanical Engineering, Composites and Polymer Science. Moreover, the book includes a wealth of worked-out examples, problems and exercises to help further understanding.

The Safety Critical Systems Handbook: A Straightforward Guide to Functional Safety: IEC 61508 (2010 Edition), IEC 61511 (2015 Edition) and Related Guidance, Fifth Edition presents the latest guidance on safety-related systems that guard workers and the public against injury and death, also discussing environmental risks. This comprehensive resource has been fully revised, with additional material on risk assessment, cybersecurity, COMAH and HAZID, published guidance documents/standards, quantified risk assessment and new worked examples. The book provides a comprehensive guide to the revised IEC 61508 standard as well as the 2016 IEC 61511. This book will have a wide readership, not only in the chemical and process industries, but in oil and gas, power generation, avionics, automotive, manufacturing and other sectors. It is aimed at most engineers, including those in project, control and instrumentation, design and maintenance disciplines.

Specifically for the pump user, this book concentrates on the identification and solution of problems associated with existing centrifugal pumps. It gives specific examples on how to modify pump performance for increased efficiency and better quality control, which turn into long-term cost savings. Some basic theory is included to give the reader greater understanding of the problems being encountered and attacked.

Machinery Component Maintenance and Repair, Fourth Edition, Volume three in the Practical Machinery Managment for Process Plants series provides the latest research and industry approaches in easy to understand, bite-sized chunks. Extending the life of existing machinery is the name of the game in the process industries, and this classic text is still the best, most practical and comprehensive source for doing just that. This updated edition is completely revised and updated throughout, especially in sections regarding Maintenance Organization and Control for Multi-Plant Corporations, Repair and Maintenance of Rotating Equipment Components, and Protecting Machinery Parts Against Loss of Surface.

This book gathers the proceedings of the ISRM 2017, the fifth IFToMM International Symposium on Robotics and Mechatronics, which was jointly organised by the School of Computing, Engineering and Mathematics at Western Sydney University, Australia and by the IFToMM Technical Committee on Robotics and Mechatronics. The respective contributions showcase the latest advances, trends and future challenges in Computer Modelling and Simulation, Kinematics and Dynamics of Multi-Body Systems, Advanced Dynamics and Control Methods, Linkages and Mechanical Controls, Parallel Manipulators, Mechanism Design, Sensors and Actuators, Mobile Robotics: Navigation and Motion Planning, Bio-inspired Robotics, Micro/Nano-Robotics and Complex Robotic Systems.

Piezoelectric Actuators: Vector Control Method: Base, Modeling and Mechatronic Design of Ultrasonic Devices guides researchers and engineers through the process of implementing the vector control method (VCM) in their systems. The book presents which measurements can be made, how to visualize a variable as a rotating vector, about the angular position of the rotating reference frame, how to calculate the parameters of the controllers, and how to observe key variables. Additionally, the book focuses on the modeling of PE ultrasonic transducers and investigates the energy conversion process in an ultrasonic transducer.

This book covers most of the damage mechanism in the scope of mechanical engineering and civil engineering. The failure pattern of various materials and structures is mainly discussed. The sub-topics covers fatigue damage, fatigue crack initiation and propagation, life prediction techniques, computational fracture mechanics, dynamic fracture, damage mechanics and assessment, non-destructive test (NDT), concrete failure assessment, failure on soil structures, structural durability and reliability, structural health monitoring, construction damage recovery, and any relevant topics related to failure analysis.

This book is the first of two volumes providing comprehensive coverage of the fundamental knowledge and technology of composite materials. It covers a variety of design, fabrication and characterization methods as applied to composite materials, particularly focusing on the fiber-reinforcement mechanism and related examples. It is ideal for graduate students, researchers, and professionals in the fields of Materials Science and Engineering, and Mechanical Engineering.

Surface Treatment in Bonding Technology provides valuable advice on surface treatment methods, modern measuring devices, and the appropriate experimentation techniques that are essential to create strong joints with a reliable service life. The book's focus is on the detailed and up-to-date analysis of surface treatment methods for metallic and polymer substrates. An analysis of factors affecting the surface preparation stage, together with advice on selection, is also provided. Essential theory is combined with experimentation techniques and industry practice to provide a guide that is both practical and academically rigorous. Including a general introduction to bonding, as well as coverage of mechanical, chemical and electrochemical methods, this book is the ideal primer for anyone working with or researching adhesive bonding.

A benchmark publication, the first edition of the Phosphor Handbook, published in 1998, set the standard for references in the field. The second edition, updated and published in 2007, began exploring new and emerging fields. However, in the last 14 years, since the second edition was published, many notable advances and broader phosphor applications have occurred. Completely revised, updated, and expanded into three separate volumes, this third edition of the Handbook covers the most recent developments in phosphor research, characterization, and applications. This volume on 'Fundamentals of Luminescence' elucidates the theoretical background and fundamental properties of luminescence as applied to solid-state phosphor materials. The book includes the chapters that cover: Basic principles of luminescence, the principal phosphor materials, and their optical properties New developments in principal phosphors in nitrides, perovskite, and silicon carbide Revised lanthanide level locations and its impact on phosphor performance Detailed descriptions of energy transfer and upconversion processes in bulk and nanoscaled particles and core-shell structures Rapid developing organic and polymer luminescent materials and devices

Extended Finite Element and Meshfree Methods provides an overview of, and investigates, recent developments in extended finite elements with a focus on applications to material failure in statics and dynamics. This class of methods is ideally suited for applications, such as crack propagation, two-phase flow, fluid-structure-interaction, optimization and inverse analysis because they do not require any remeshing. These methods include the original extended finite element method, smoothed extended finite element method (XFEM), phantom node method, extended meshfree methods, numerical manifold method and extended isogeometric analysis. This book also addresses their implementation and provides small MATLAB codes on each sub-topic. Also discussed are the challenges and efficient algorithms for tracking the crack path which plays an important role for complex engineering applications.

This textbook fosters information exchange and discussion on all aspects of introductory matters of modern mechanical engineering from a number of perspectives including: mechanical engineering as a profession, materials and manufacturing processes, machining and machine tools, tribology and surface engineering, solid mechanics, applied and computational mechanics, mechanical design, mechatronics and robotics, fluid mechanics and heat transfer, renewable energies, biomechanics, nanoengineering and nanomechanics. At the end of each chapter, a list of 10 questions (and answers) is provided.

This book introduces the fundamental concepts of thermal cloaking based on transformation theory and bilayer theory, under the conduction and convection heat transfer modes. It focuses on thermal cloaking with detailed explanations of the underlying theoretical bases leading to the primary thermal cloaking results in open literature, from an engineering perspective, and with practical application in mind. Also, the authors strive to present the materials with an emphasis on the related physical phenomena and interpretation, to the extent possible. Through this book, engineering students can grasp the fundamental ideas of thermal cloaking and the associated mathematics, thus being better able to initiate their own research and explore new ideas in thermal cloaking. While not intended to be a general reference in the vast field of thermal cloaking research, this book is a unique monograph addressing the theoretical and analytical aspects of thermal cloaking within the scope mentioned above. This book also contains many independent analytical solutions to thermal cloaking problems that are not available in open literature. It is suitable for a three-credit graduate or advanced undergraduate course in engineering science.

Stability, Control and Application of Time-Delay Systems gives a systematic description of these systems. It includes adequate designs of integrated modeling and control and frequency characterizations. Common themes revolve around creating certain synergies of modeling, analysis, control, computing and applications of time delay systems that achieve robust stability while retaining desired performance quality. The book provides innovative insights into the state-of-the-art of time-delay systems in both theory and practical aspects. It has been edited with an emphasis on presenting constructive theoretical and practical methodological approaches and techniques.

Metal fatigue is an essential consideration for engineers and researchers looking at factors that cause metals to fail through stress, corrosion, or other processes. Predicting the influence of small defects and non-metallic inclusions on fatigue with any degree of accuracy is a particularly complex part of this. Metal Fatigue: Effects of Small Defects and Nonmetallic Inclusions is the most trusted, detailed and comprehensive guide to this subject available. This expanded second edition introduces highly important emerging topics on metal fatigue, pointing the way for further research and innovation. The methodology is based on important and reliable results and may be usefully applied to other fatigue problems not directly treated in this book.

The first optimal design problem for an elastic column subject to buckling was formulated by Lagrange over 200 years ago. However, rapid development of structural optimization under stability constraints occurred only in the last twenty years. In numerous optimal structural design problems the stability phenomenon becomes one of the most important factors, particularly for slender and thin-walled elements of aerospace structures, ships, precision machines, tall buildings etc. In engineering practice stability constraints appear more often than it might be expected; even when designing a simple beam of constant width and variable depth, the width - if regarded as a design variable - is finally determined by a stability constraint (lateral stability). Mathematically, optimal structural design under stability constraints usually leads to optimization with respect to eigenvalues, but some cases fall even beyond this type of problems. A total of over 70 books has been devoted to structural optimization as yet, but none of them has treated stability constraints in a sufficiently broad and comprehensive manner. The purpose of the present book is to fill this gap. The contents include a discussion of the basic structural stability and structural optimization problems and the pertinent solution methods, followed by a systematic review of solutions obtained for columns, arches, bar systems, plates, shells and thin-walled bars. A unified approach based on Pontryagin's maximum principle is employed inasmuch as possible, at least to problems of columns, arches and plates. Parametric optimization is discussed as well.

This book introduces the application of nonlinear dynamics theory for driving system of electric vehicle and hybrid electric vehicle respectively. It establishes the dynamic models for driving system of electric vehicle and hybrid electric vehicle under various working conditions. And the nonlinear dynamics theory is applied to the qualitative analysis and quantitative calculation for the models. The theoretical analysis results are applied to guide the optimization of control strategies. In the end of each chapter, corresponding simulations or experiments are provided to verify the corresponding instances which are carefully selected. This book will give some guidance to readers when they deal with nonlinear dynamics problems of vehicles in the future and provide theoretical bases for the further study of the nonlinear dynamics for driving system of electric vehicle and hybrid electric vehicle. The book is written for engineer of electric vehicle and hybrid vehicle, teachers and students majoring in automobile and automation.

This book focuses on nonlinear finite element analysis of thin-walled smart structures integrated with piezoelectric materials. Two types of nonlinear phenomena are presented in the book, namely geometrical nonlinearity and material nonlinearity. Geometrical nonlinearity mainly results from large deformations and large rotations of structures. The book discusses various geometrically nonlinear theories including von Karman type nonlinear theory, moderate rotation nonlinear theory, fully geometrically nonlinear theory with moderate rotations and large rotation nonlinear theory. The material nonlinearity mainly considered in this book is electroelastic coupled nonlinearity resulting from large driving electric field. This book will be a good reference for students and researchers in the field of structural mechanics.