Shell structures are used in all phases of structures, from space vehicles to deep submergence hulls, from nuclear reactors to domes on sport arenas and civic buildings. With new materials and manufacturing methods, curved thin walled structures are being used increasingly. This text is a graduate course in the theory of shells. It covers shells of isotropic materials, such as metal alloys and plastics, and shells of composite materials, such as fibre reinforced polymer, metal or ceramic matrix materials. It provides the essential information for an understanding of the underlying theory, and solution of some of the basic problems. It also provides a basis to study the voluminous shell literature. Beyond being primarily a textbook, it is intended also for self study by practising engineers who would like to learn more about the behaviour of shells. The book has two parts: Part I deals with shells of isotropic materials. In this part the mathematical formulations are introduced involving curvilinear coordinates. The techniques of solutions and resulting behavior is compared to planar thin walled isotropic structures such as plates and beams. Part II then treats the behavior of shells, involving anisotropic composite materials, so widely used today. The analysis involves the complications due to the many elastic constants, effects of transverse shear deformation, thermal thickening and offer effects arising from the properties of composite materials.

Advances in Imaging and Electron Physics, Volume 213, merges two long-running serials, Advances in Electronics and Electron Physics and Advances in Optical and Electron Microscopy. The series features extended articles on the physics of electron devices (especially semiconductor devices), particle optics at high and low energies, microlithography, image science, digital image processing, electromagnetic wave propagation, electron microscopy and the computing methods used in all these domains.

This proceedings book discusses state-of-the-art research on uncertainty quantification in mechanical engineering, including statistical data concerning the entries and parameters of a system to produce statistical data on the outputs of the system. It is based on papers presented at Uncertainties 2020, a workshop organized on behalf of the Scientific Committee on Uncertainty in Mechanics (Mecanique et Incertain) of the AFM (French Society of Mechanical Sciences), the Scientific Committee on Stochastic Modeling and Uncertainty Quantification of the ABCM (Brazilian Society of Mechanical Sciences) and the SBMAC (Brazilian Society of Applied Mathematics).

Consensus Tracking of Multi-agent Systems with Switching Topologies takes an advanced look at the development of multi-agent systems with continuously switching topologies and relay tracking systems with switching of agents. Research problems addressed are well defined and numerical examples and simulation results are given to demonstrate the engineering potential. The book is aimed at advanced graduate students in control engineering, signal processing, nonlinear systems, switched systems and applied mathematics. It will also be a core reference for control engineers working on nonlinear control and switched control, as well as mathematicians and biomedical engineering researchers working on complex systems.

Complexity and Complex Thermoeconomic Systems describes the properties of complexity and complex thermo-economic systems as the consequence of formulations, definitions, tools, solutions and results consistent with the best performance of a system. Applying to complex systems contemporary advanced techniques, such as static optimization, optimal control, and neural networks, this book treats the systems theory as a science of general laws for functional integrities. It also provides a platform for the discussion of various definitions of complexity, complex hierarchical structures, self-organization examples, special references, and historical issues. This book is a valuable reference for scientists, engineers and graduated students in chemical, mechanical, and environmental engineering, as well as those in physics, ecology and biology, helping them better understand the complex thermodynamic systems and enhance their technical skills in research.

This book presents the latest developments in structural dynamics with particular emphasis on the formulation of equations of motion by finite element methods and their solution using microcomputers. The book discusses the use of frequency-dependent shape functions for realistic finite element modelling, as opposed to the approximate conventional shape functions. A useful feature of the book in handling the forced vibration problem is the separation of the solution into two parts; the steady state and transient. Advanced topics such as substructure and synthesis are viewed in a modern unified manner. A complete listing of the finite element programme NATVIB used is given.

This book provides insights into surface quality control techniques and applications based on high-definition metrology (HDM). Intended as a reference resource for engineers who routinely use a variety of quality control methods and are interested in understanding the data processing, from HDM data to final control actions, it can also be used as a textbook for advanced courses in engineering quality control applications for students who are already familiar with quality control methods and practices. It enables readers to not only assimilate the quality control methods involved, but also to quickly implement the techniques in practical engineering problems. Further, it includes numerous case studies to highlight the implementation of the methods using measured HDM data of surface features. Since MATLAB is extensively employed in these case studies, familiarity with this software is helpful, as is a general understanding of surface quality control methods.

Records of the 2nd Eurographics Workshop on -Intelligent CAD Systems-, Held on April 19-23, 1988, at Konigshof Congress Centre, Veldhoven, the Netherlands

Thermodynamics is a common field of study involving many different specialties including physics, chemistry, geology, and cosmology. Thermodynamics is incredibly useful for manmade industrial processes related to material studies, renewable energy, and more. It is essential for professionals to stay current with the developments in thermodynamic systems, as thermodynamics proves vital for understanding natural macroprocesses related to geology, areology, and cosmology. Advances in the Modelling of Thermodynamic Systems discusses the recent advances in modeling of thermodynamic systems as well as the state-of-the-art manmade industrial processes and natural processes taking place on Earth and beyond. It reveals an interdisciplinary vision of thermodynamics from the minuscule to the immense. Covering topics such as entropy generation, linear modeling, and statistical analysis, this premier reference source is an essential resource for engineers, chemists, physicists, mechanics, geologists, cosmologists, students and educators of higher education, libraries, researchers, and academicians.

The Boundary Integral Equation (BIE) method has occupied me to various degrees for the past twenty-two years. The attraction of BIE analysis has been its unique combination of mathematics and practical application. The EIE method is unforgiving in its requirement for mathe matical care and its requirement for diligence in creating effective numerical algorithms. The EIE method has the ability to provide critical inSight into the mathematics that underlie one of the most powerful and useful modeling approximations ever devised--elasticity. The method has even revealed important new insights into the nature of crack tip plastic strain distributions. I believe that EIE modeling of physical problems is one of the remaining opportunities for challenging and fruitful research by those willing to apply sound mathematical discipline coupled with phys ical insight and a desire to relate the two in new ways. The monograph that follows is the summation of many of the successes of that twenty-two years, supported by the ideas and synergisms that come from working with individuals who share a common interest in engineering mathematics and their application. The focus of the monograph is on the application of EIE modeling to one of the most important of the solid mechanics disciplines--fracture mechanics. The monograph is not a trea tise on fracture mechanics, as there are many others who are far more qualified than I to expound on that topic."

This book introduces the electromagnetic compatibility(EMC) of electric vehicle(EV), including EMC of the whole vehicle, electromagnetic interference(EMI) prediction and suppression of motor drive system, EMI prediction and suppression of DC-DC converter, electromagnetic field safety and EMC of wireless charging system, signal integrity and EMC of the vehicle controller unit(VCU), EMC of battery management system(BMS), electromagnetic radiated emission diagnosis and suppression of the whole vehicle, etc. The analysis method, modeling and simulation method, test method and rectification method of EMC are demonstrated. The simulation and experimental results are presented as tables and figures. This book is useful as reference for graduate students, senior undergraduates and engineering technicians of vehicle engineering related majors. For EMI prediction, suppression and EMC optimization design for EVs, this book provides reference for engineers to solve EMC problems. This book is intended for senior undergraduates, postgraduates, lecturers and laboratory researchers engaged in electric vehicle and electromagnetic compatibility research.

Surface Structure Modification and Hardening of Al-SI Alloys explores the hardening of material surfaces using concentrated energy flows resulting in the nanostructuring of surface layers. The authors demonstrate how these methods achieve a reduction in plastic deformation of the surface and a more uniform distribution of elastic stresses near the surface during operational use, significantly reducing part failure. It presents results from research and scientific and technological enterprises involved with the modification of light alloy surfaces for use in the automobile and aerospace industries. Additional key features include: Addresses theoretical and experimental research computer simulations of structural phase transformations at the nanolevel to create new materials Details and compares electroexplosion alloying, electron beam processing and electron-plasma alloying of an Al-Si Alloy Explains multiphase plasma jet treatment to obtain high-quality coatings with good and high functional properties This reference is a valuable resource for specialists in the field of physical material science, condensed state physics, metal science and thermal treatment and will be of interest to undergraduate and post-graduate students in these fields.

Cold plasma is one of the newest technologies tested for food preservation. In the last decade, this novel approach has shown promising results as a disinfectant of food products and packaging materials. Cold plasma is also affordable, waterless, waste-free, and leaves no chemical residue on the product. This exciting new technology is covered thoroughly in Advances in Cold Plasma Applications for Food Preservation. The book presents the basic principles of cold plasma, examples of food products disinfected by cold plasma, and the challenges of using cold plasma to maximize microbial and spore inactivation. Some chapters are devoted to specific applications of the technology, such as the use of cold plasma for space missions. Insights about the required regulations for this technology are also discussed. Written and edited by experts in the field, Advances in Cold Plasma Applications for Food Preservation is aimed at academic researchers, food scientists, and government officials working on disinfection of food products.

This is the Proceedings of the IUTAM Symposium on Solver Coupling and Co-Simulation that was held in Darmstadt, Germany, September 18-20, 2017. The symposium focused on recent advances in the development of numerical methods for solver coupling, like new explicit, implicit and semi-implicit co-simulation methods, new approaches for realizing variable communication-time grids, and advances in the stability and convergence analysis of solver coupling methods. Recent developments in the practical application of co-simulation methods, for instance new fields of application for solver coupling approaches, new developments in the parallelization of dynamic models with co-simulation techniques, and standardization of co-simulation interfaces, i.e. standardization of data and model exchange were also discussed. The book brings together the research results of leading scientists in applied mathematics, mechanics, and engineering science, thus contributing to further develop numerical methods for coupled simulations.

This book focuses on the calculus of variations, including fundamental theories and applications. This textbook is intended for graduate and higher-level college and university students, introducing them to the basic concepts and calculation methods used in the calculus of variations. It covers the preliminaries, variational problems with fixed boundaries, sufficient conditions of extrema of functionals, problems with undetermined boundaries, variational problems of conditional extrema, variational problems in parametric forms, variational principles, direct methods for variational problems, variational principles in mechanics and their applications, and variational problems of functionals with vector, tensor and Hamiltonian operators. Many of the contributions are based on the authors' research, addressing topics such as the extension of the connotation of the Hilbert adjoint operator, definitions of the other three kinds of adjoint operators, the extremum function theorem of the complete functional, unified Euler equations in variational methods, variational theories of functionals with vectors, modulus of vectors, arbitrary order tensors, Hamiltonian operators and Hamiltonian operator strings, reconciling the Euler equations and the natural boundary conditions, and the application range of variational methods. The book is also a valuable reference resource for teachers as well as science and technology professionals.

Written by an engineering consultant with over 48 years of experience in the field, this Second Edition provides a reader-friendly and thorough discussion of the fundamental principles and science of cryogenic engineering including the properties of fluids and solids, refrigeration and liquefaction, insulation, instrumentation, natural gas processing, and safety in cryogenic system design.

This book introduces readers to gas flows and heat transfer in pebble bed reactor cores. It addresses fundamental issues regarding experimental and modeling methods for complex multiphase systems, as well as relevant applications and recent research advances. The numerical methods and experimental measurements/techniques used to solve pebble flows, as well as the content on radiation modeling for high-temperature pebble beds, will be of particular interest. This book is intended for a broad readership, including researchers and practitioners, and is sure to become a key reference resource for students and professionals alike.

Advanced Mechanical Vibrations: Physics, Mathematics and Applications provides a concise and solid exposition of the fundamental concepts and ideas that pervade many specialised disciplines where linear engineering vibrations are involved. Covering the main key aspects of the subject - from the formulation of the equations of motion by means of analytical techniques to the response of discrete and continuous systems subjected to deterministic and random excitation - the text is ideal for intermediate to advanced students of engineering, physics and mathematics. In addition, professionals working in - or simply interested in - the field of mechanical and structural vibrations will find the content helpful, with an approach to the subject matter that places emphasis on the strict, inextricable and sometimes subtle interrelations between physics and mathematics, on the one hand, and theory and applications, on the other hand. It includes a number of worked examples in each chapter, two detailed mathematical appendixes and an extensive list of references.

This book is intended as a study aid for the finite element method. Based on the free computer algebra system Maxima, we offer routines to symbolically or numerically solve problems from the context of two-dimensional problems. For this rather advanced topic, classical 'hand calculations' are difficult to perform and the incorporation of a computer algebra system is a convenient approach to handle, for example, larger matrix operations. The mechanical theories focus on the classical two-dimensional structural elements, i.e., plane elements, thin or classical plates, and thick or shear deformable plate elements. The use of a computer algebra system and the incorporated functions, e.g., for matrix operations, allows to focus more on the methodology of the finite element method and not on standard procedures. Furthermore, we offer a graphical user interface (GUI) to facilitate the model definition. Thus, the user may enter the required definitions in a source code manner directly in wxMaxima or use the GUI which is able to execute wxMaxime to perform the calculations.

This book focuses on the thermal management technology of lithium-ion batteries for vehicles. It introduces the charging and discharging temperature characteristics of lithium-ion batteries for vehicles, the method for modeling heat generation of lithium-ion batteries, experimental research and simulation on air-cooled and liquid-cooled heat dissipation of lithium-ion batteries, lithium-ion battery heating method based on PTC and wide-line metal film, self-heating using sinusoidal alternating current. This book is mainly for practitioners in the new energy vehicle industry, and it is suitable for reading and reference by researchers and engineering technicians in related fields such as new energy vehicles, thermal management and batteries. It can also be used as a reference book for undergraduates and graduate students in energy and power, electric vehicles, batteries and other related majors.

This book covers crucial lacunae of the linear discrete-time time-invariant dynamical systems and introduces the reader to their treatment, while functioning under real, natural conditions, in forced regimes with arbitrary initial conditions. It provides novel theoretical tools necessary for the analysis and design of the systems operating in stated conditions. The text completely covers two well-known systems, IO and ISO, along with a new system, IIO. It discovers the concept of the full transfer function matrix F(z) in the z-complex domain, which incorporates the Z-transform of the system, input and another variable, vectors, all with arbitrary initial conditions. Consequently, it addresses the full system matrix P(z) and the full block diagram technique based on the use of F(z), which incorporates the Z-transform of the system, input and another variable, vectors, all with arbitrary initial conditions. The book explores the direct relationship between the system full transfer function matrix F(z) and the Lyapunov stability concept, definitions, and conditions, as well as with the BI stability concept, definitions, and conditions. The goal of the book is to unify the study and applications of all three classes of the linear discrete-time time-invariant system, for short systems.

The study pack includes chapter reviews and free-body diagram workbook and is to accompany the 14th Edition of Engineering Mechanics: Statics in SI Units

This textbook presents all the mathematical and physical concepts needed to visualize and understand representation surfaces, providing readers with a reliable and intuitive understanding of the behavior and properties of anisotropic materials, and a sound grasp of the directionality of material properties. They will learn how to extract quantitative information from representation surfaces, which encode tremendous amounts of information in a very concise way, making them especially useful in understanding higher order tensorial material properties (piezoelectric moduli, elastic compliance and rigidity, etc.) and in the design of applications based on these materials. Readers will also learn from scratch concepts on crystallography, symmetry and Cartesian tensors, which are essential for understanding anisotropic materials, their design and application. The book describes how to apply representation surfaces to a diverse range of material properties, making it a valuable resource for material scientists, mechanical engineers, and solid state physicists, as well as advanced undergraduates in Materials Science, Solid State Physics, Electronics, Optics, Mechanical Engineering, Composites and Polymer Science. Moreover, the book includes a wealth of worked-out examples, problems and exercises to help further understanding.

Cooperative Control of Multi-Agent Systems: An Optimal and Robust Perspective reports and encourages technology transfer in the field of cooperative control of multi-agent systems. The book deals with UGVs, UAVs, UUVs and spacecraft, and more. It presents an extended exposition of the authors' recent work on all aspects of multi-agent technology. Modelling and cooperative control of multi-agent systems are topics of great interest, across both academia (research and education) and industry (for real applications and end-users). Graduate students and researchers from a wide spectrum of specialties in electrical, mechanical or aerospace engineering fields will use this book as a key resource.

The Safety Critical Systems Handbook: A Straightforward Guide to Functional Safety: IEC 61508 (2010 Edition), IEC 61511 (2015 Edition) and Related Guidance, Fifth Edition presents the latest guidance on safety-related systems that guard workers and the public against injury and death, also discussing environmental risks. This comprehensive resource has been fully revised, with additional material on risk assessment, cybersecurity, COMAH and HAZID, published guidance documents/standards, quantified risk assessment and new worked examples. The book provides a comprehensive guide to the revised IEC 61508 standard as well as the 2016 IEC 61511. This book will have a wide readership, not only in the chemical and process industries, but in oil and gas, power generation, avionics, automotive, manufacturing and other sectors. It is aimed at most engineers, including those in project, control and instrumentation, design and maintenance disciplines.