This book is a concise and readable introductory text on solid mechanics suitable for engineers, scientists and applied mathematicians. It presents the foundations of stress, strain and elasticity theory and consistently employs the use of vectors and (particularly) Cartesian tensor notation. The first chapter introduces vectors with particular emphasis being paid to applications which arise in later chapters. Chapter 2 introduces Cartesian tensors and describes some of their important applications. In particular, finite and infinitessimal rotations are examined as are isotropic tensors and second order symmetric tensors. The last topic of this chapter includes a full discussion on eigenvalues and eigenvectors. There are separate introductions, in Chapters 3 and 4, to stress and strain and to their practical measurement using, respectively, photoelastic methods and strain gauges. In Chapter 5 the concepts of stress and strain are brought together and, in conjunction with Newton's equilibrium equations, used to deduce the basic equations of linear elasticity theory. These fundamental equations are then examined and analyzed by obtaining simple exact solutions, including solutions which describe twisting, bending and stretching of beams. Chapter 6 introduces the fundamental concept of strain enegergy and uses this concept to derive the Kirchoff uniqueness theorem, Rayleigh's reciprocal theorem and the important Castigliano relations. The chapter concludes with a thorough treatment of the theorem of minimum potential energy and examines some of its applications. The final three chapters examine the application of the fundamental equations to the theory of torsion, to structural analysisand to the treatment of two dimensional elastostatics by analytical and approximate (finite element) methods.

This book "Advanced Engineering for Processes and Technologies II" provides a good platform for participating researchers and academicians to share their latest innovation, technology and research findings in the areas of marine engineering technology and applications, sea management as well as engineering education. It offers an opportunity for academicians of the Universiti Kuala Lumpur, Malaysian Institute of Marine Engineering Technology (UniKL MIMET) to exchange ideas and establish a professional network. There are more than 30 papers covering a wide range of topics related to technologies and education including simulation, intellectual discussion, environmental awareness, enhancement of knowledge and skills. The aim of this book focuses more on the numerous technological methods used for the establishment of engineering innovation and productivity through their competitive research findings and the exposure of their relative merits and limitations. The papers shared in this issue will enable other researchers to generate interest and novel ideas that can lead to the discovery of new engineering knowledge.

Currently employed at STMicroelectronics, Transactional-Level Modeling (TLM) puts forward a novel SoC design methodology beyond RTL with measured improvements of productivity and first time silicon success.

The SystemC consortium has published the official TLM development kit in May 2005 to standardize this modeling technique. The library is flexible enough to model components and systems at many different levels of abstractions: from cycle-accurate to untimed models, and from bit-true behavior to floating-point algorithms. However, careful selection of the abstraction level and associated methodology is crucial to ensure practical gains for design teams.

Transaction-Level Modeling with SystemC presents the formalized abstraction and related methodology defined at STMicroelectronics, and covers all major topics related to the Electronic System-Level (ESL) industry:

- TLM modeling concepts
- Early embedded software development based on SoC virtual prototypes
- Functional verification using reference models
- Architecture analysis with mixed TLM and cycle accurate platforms
- Unifying TLM and RTL with platform automation tools

Complementary to the book, open source code to put this approach into practice is available on several Internet sites as indicated in the first chapter.

This book on advanced optoisolation circuits for nonlinearity applications in engineering addresses two separate engineering and scientific areas, and presents advanced analysis methods for optoisolation circuits that cover a broad range of engineering applications. The book analyzes optoisolation circuits as linear and nonlinear dynamical systems and their limit cycles, bifurcation, and limit cycle stability by using Floquet theory. Further, it discusses a broad range of bifurcations related to optoisolation systems: cusp-catastrophe, Bautin bifurcation, Andronov-Hopf bifurcation, Bogdanov-Takens (BT) bifurcation, fold Hopf bifurcation, Hopf-Hopf bifurcation, Torus bifurcation (Neimark-Sacker bifurcation), and Saddle-loop or Homoclinic bifurcation. Floquet theory helps as to analyze advance optoisolation systems. Floquet theory is the study of the stability of linear periodic systems in continuous time. Another way to describe Floquet theory, it is the study of linear systems of differential equations with periodic coefficients. The optoisolation system displays a rich variety of dynamical behaviors including simple oscillations, quasi-periodicity, bi-stability between periodic states, complex periodic oscillations (including the mixed-mode type), and chaos. The route to chaos in this optoisolation system involves a torus attractor which becomes destabilized and breaks up into a fractal object, a strange attractor. The book is unique in its emphasis on practical and innovative engineering applications. These include optocouplers in a variety of topological structures, passive components, conservative elements, dissipative elements, active devices, etc. In each chapter, the concept is developed from the basic assumptions up to the final engineering outcomes. The scientific background is explained at basic and advanced levels and closely integrated with mathematical theory. The book is primarily intended for newcomers to linear and nonlinear dynamics and advanced optoisolation circuits, as well as electrical and electronic engineers, students and researchers in physics who read the first book "Optoisolation Circuits Nonlinearity Applications in Engineering". It is ideally suited for engineers who have had no formal instruction in nonlinear dynamics, but who now desire to bridge the gap between innovative optoisolation circuits and advanced mathematical analysis methods.

Digital Industry can provide the framework for examining the challenges of future production technology. This book describes some of the various aspects that can, and may, influence future manufacturing. Computational intelligence techniques, cyber-physical systems, virtual and cloud-based manufacturing and man-machine interaction are studied and some of the most recent research completed by international experts in industry and academia is considered. Case studies provide practical solutions.

This book covers the entire spectrum of green diesel and their applications in existing CI engines. This book discusses how a green diesel is a better fuel than biodiesel and petrodiesel and more suitable fuels for sustainable future development. The book begins with a concise overview of the fundamentals of the green diesel properties, preparation, and characterization of green diesel using hydroprocessing technology. The book covers recent developments in the domain of green diesel derived particularly from the second-/third-generation feedstocks. Various topics covered in this book include the catalysts involved in the processing of green diesel, characterization of the products as per ASTM/EN protocols. In addition, the book also illustrates characteristic features of green diesel and how it is different from biodiesel and petrodiesel. Other chapters cover performance and emission characteristics of green diesel in CI engines and techno-economic analysis. Moreover, the current status of green diesel industries is also incorporated. This book is of particular interest to graduate students and academic or industrial researchers/professionals working in the area of green diesel/green energy, bioenergy and mechanical, automobile, and chemical engineering. This book makes a forceful foundation for the establishment of green diesel refineries/biorefineries for a sustainable, cleaner, and greener future.

Thermal Radiation: An Introduction is a complete textbook for a one-semester introductory graduate course on radiative energy transfer. It bridges the gap between a basic introduction and comprehensive coverage of thermal radiation, focusing on insight into radiative transfer as practiced by engineers. Covering radiative transfer among surfaces, with an introduction to the effects of participating media between surfaces, the book includes surface and medium property characteristics and solutions to the radiative transfer equation in simple geometries. * Tailored and organized specifically to suit a one-semester graduate course in radiative heat transfer. * Emphasis is placed on insight into radiative transfer as practiced by engineers. * Discusses how radiation is incorporated into finite element analysis (FEA) codes. The textbook is intended for instructors and graduate students in a first-year course on radiative heat transfer or advanced heat transfer. Supplementary resources for students and instructors are available online.

Multibody Dynamics is an area of Computational Mechanics which blends together various disciplines such as structural dynamics, multi-physics - chanics, computational mathematics, control theory and computer science, in order to deliver methods and tools for the virtual prototyping of complex mechanical systems. Multibody dynamics plays today a central role in the modeling, analysis, simulation and optimization of mechanical systems in a variety of ?elds and for a wide range of industrial applications. The ECCOMAS Thematic Conference on Multibody Dynamics was ini- ated in Lisbon in 2003, and then continued in Madrid in 2005 with the goal of providing researchers in Multibody Dynamics with appropriate venues for exchanging ideas and results. The third edition of the Conference was held at the Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, from June 25 to June 28, 2007. The Conference saw the participation of over 250 researchers from 32 di?- ent countries, presenting 209 technical papers, and proved to be an excellent forum for discussion and technical exchange on the most recent advances in this rapidly growing ?eld.

Everything important, up-to-date and practical about turbopumps can be found in this book. The material is arranged to cover the most important topics, from basic theories to practical applications. This book can also serve as a useful textbook for students who are taking courses in the area of turbopumps and hydraulic machineries. It is the complete reference book for turbopumps.

This book is focused on composites involving powders as the starting materials. It provides relevant information for questions related to the selection of constituent phases, most economic fabrication routes, proper testing procedures, and product optimization. The field is sufficiently advanced that predictive models guide many decisions. Applications are illustrated over a broad range of material and property combinations. This title includes: *Selection of phases with consideration of intersolubility & interface *Microstructure, especially the role of phase connectivity *Fabrication approaches, especially net-shape consolidation *Assessment of typical properties, testing techniques & industry standards *Design & trade-off decisions involved in optimization, including cost *Applications, both those that have matured and some emerging prospects. The reader may have little appreciation for how particulate composites are literally everywhere. Examples include new wear resistant consumer products(Apple watch), longer lasting automotive tires with reduced rolling resistance(Yokohama tires), and new diamond heat sinks for computers(Element Six substrates). Particulate composites also form critical components in applications such as magnets, dental fillings, brakes, darts, bio-implants, & cutting tools. Particulate composites are a multi-billion dollar industry, and can be a cost-effective solution ripe for innovation and continued rapid growth. For the engineer, the wide range of particulate composite formulation and property combinations offers the ability to design for a variety of application and provides ample opportunity for innovation. Particulate Composites: Fundamentals & Applications is ideal for use in a one-semester eng. course at the senior UG/graduate level, and is also suitable as a practical reference for materials scientists in academia and industry.

The standard textbooks on aerodynamics usually omit any discussion of un steady aerodynamics or, at most, consider it only in a single chapter, based on two justifications. The first is that unsteady aerodynamics should be regarded as a specialized subject required "only" in connection with understanding and an alyzing aeroelastic phenomena such as flutter and gust response, and therefore should be dealt with in related specialist books. The second reason appears to be reluctance to discuss aerodynamics with the inclusion of the time-dependent terms in the conservation equations and the boundary conditions for fear that added complications may discourage the reader. We take the opposite view in this book and argue that a full understanding of the physics of lift generation is possible only by considering the unsteady aerody namics of the starting vortex generation process. Furthermore, certain "steady" flows are inherently unsteady in the presence of flow separation, as for example the unsteady flow caused by the Karman vortex shedding downstream of a cylin der and "static" airfoil stall which is an inherently unsteady flow phenomenon. Therefore, it stands to reason that a unified treatment of aerodynamics that yields steady-state aerodynamics as a special case offers advantages. This rea soning is strengthened by the developments in computational fluid dynamics over the past forty years, which showed that accurate steady-state solutions can be obtained efficiently by solving the unsteady flow equations.

This volume highlights contributions of women mathematicians in the study of complex materials and includes both original research papers and reviews. The featured topics and methods draw on the fields of Calculus of Variations, Partial Differential Equations, Functional Analysis, Differential Geometry and Topology, as well as Numerical Analysis and Mathematical Modelling. Areas of applications include foams, fluid-solid interactions, liquid crystals, shape-memory alloys, magnetic suspensions, failure in solids, plasticity, viscoelasticity, homogenization, crystallization, grain growth, and phase-field models.

C. Dascalu * G. A. Maugin The volume presents recent developments in the This special issue aims at bringing together recent theory of defects and the mechanics of material forces. developmentsinMaterialMechanicsandthemoreclas- Most of the contributions were presented at the Inter- sical Defect Mechanics approaches. The contributions national Symposium on Defect and Material Forces are highlighting recent research on topics like: fracture (ISDMM2007), held in Aussois, France, March 25- and damage, electromagnetoelasticity, plasticity, dis- 29, 2007. tributed dislocations, thermodynamics, poroelasticity, Originated in the works of Eshelby, the Material or generalized continua, structural optimization, conser- Con gurational Mechanics experienced a remarkable vationlawsandsymmetries,multiscaleapproachesand revival over the last two decades. When the mechanics numerical solution strategies. ofcontinuaisfullyexpressedonthematerialmanifold, We expect the present volume to be a valuable it captures the material inhomogeneities. The driving resource for researchers in the eld of Mechanics of (material) forces on inhomogeneities appear naturally Defects in Solids. in this framework and are requesting for constitutive We dedicate this special issue to the memory of modeling of the evolution of inhomogeneities through the late Professor George Herrmann (1921-2007).

1. Uses practical industry examples to illustrate key concepts of mechanics and stress analysis 2. Includes worked examples and MATHCAD programs 3. Presents the theory behind stress analysis with reference to multiple disciplines, making this a comprehensive book 4. Covers composite material stress analysis, plate analysis and Finite Element Method

In this book, regular structures are de ned as periodic structures consisting of repeated elements (translational symmetry) as well as structures with a geom- ric symmetry. Regular structures have for a long time been attracting the attention of scientists by the extraordinary beauty of their forms. They have been studied in many areas of science: chemistry, physics, biology, etc. Systems with geometric symmetry are used widely in many areas of engineering. The various kinds of bases under machines, cyclically repeated forms of stators, reduction gears, rotors with blades mounted on them, etc. represent regular structures. The study of real-life engineering structures faces considerable dif culties because they comprise a great number of working mechanisms that, in turn, consist of many different elastic subsystems and elements. The computational models of such systems represent a hierarchical structure and contain hundreds and thousands of parameters. The main problems in the analysis of such systems are the dim- sion reduction of model and revealing the dominant parameters that determine its dynamics and form its energy nucleus. The two most widely used approaches to the simulation of such systems are as follows: 1. Methods using lumped parameters models, i.e., a discretization of the original system and its representation as a system with lumped parameters [including nite-element method (FEM)]. 2. The use of idealized elements with distributed parameters and known analytical solutions for both the local elements and the subsystems.

Many phenomena in social, natural and engineering fields are governed by wave, potential, parabolic heat-conduction, hyperbolic heat-conduction and dual-phase-lagging heat-conduction equations. This monograph examines these equations: their solution structures, methods of finding their solutions under various supplementary conditions, as well as the physical implication and applications of their solutions.

Numerous areas of expertise are often required for the inspection of an individual product, with many different sensors being used within a single inspection machine. For this reason it is necessary for the production engineer to have at least a working knowledge of all the different technologies that may be employed. This book covers the majority of sensors that can be applied on the shop floor and has been designed to assist engineers with little or no previous experience in the various fields. The information that the book contains is of a highly practical nature and is based on the author's considerable first-hand experience of varied industrial applications.

Reducing and controlling the level of vibration in a mechanical system leads to an improved work environment and product quality, reduced noise, more economical operation, and longer equipment life. Adequate design is essential for reducing vibrations, while damping and control methods help further reduce and manipulate vibrations when design strategies reach their limits. There are also useful types of vibration, which may require enhancement or control. Vibration Damping, Control, and Design balances theoretical and application-oriented coverage to enable optimal vibration and noise suppression and control in nearly any system. Drawn from the immensely popular Vibration and Shock Handbook, each expertly crafted chapter of this book includes convenient summary windows, tables, graphs, and lists to provide ready access to the important concepts and results. Working systematically from general principles to specific applications, coverage spans from theory and experimental techniques in vibration damping to isolation, passive control, active control, and structural dynamic modification. The book also discusses specific issues in designing for and controlling vibrations and noise such as regenerative chatter in machine tools, fluid-induced vibration, hearing and psychological effects, instrumentation for monitoring, and statistical energy analysis. This carefully edited work strikes a balance between practical considerations, design issues, and experimental techniques. Complemented by design examples and case studies, Vibration Damping, Control, and Design builds a deep understanding of the concepts and demonstrates how to apply these principles to real systems.

Why are propeller blades of speedboats strongly eroded? Why does a syringe have to be filled slowly in order to avoid the formation of a vapour cavity near the piston? Why does a pump for watering the garden not work efficiently if it is placed too high above the ground water level? These questions, and many others taken from day to day experience, refer to situations which apparently have no connection between them, except for the fact that the motion of a liquid in part of the system plays an essential role.

Cavitation science is that part of liquid physics which addresses the motion of liquids near -or beyond- the limit of vaporization. Generally, vaporization occurs if liquid velocities are large, causing pressure to decrease below a critical value at which the liquid continuum is broken at one or several points. Vapor cavities appear there and various unexpected effects follow for the system such as noise, lower performance, vibrations, wall erosion For a long time, it was believed that cavitation phenomena should be avoided entirely because of the generally negative character of their consequences. However, over the years it appeared that such a constraint could be costly, though not necessarily justified on scientific grounds. A limited development of cavitation - if carefully defined and controlled - can be allowed. This promotes the development of high speed hydrodynamics and hydraulics.

The present book is aimed at providing a comprehensive presentation of cavitation phenomena in liquid flows. It is further backed up by the experience, both experimental and theoretical, of the authors whose expertise has been internationally recognized. A special effort is made toplace the various methods of investigation in strong relation with the fundamental physics of cavitation, enabling the reader to treat specific problems independently. Furthermore, it is hoped that a better knowledge of the cavitation phenomenon will allow engineers to create systems using it positively. Examples in the literature show the feasibility of this approach.

This book presents the proceedings of the 3rd Brazilian Technology Symposium (BTSym), which is a multi/trans/interdisciplinary event offering an excellent forum for presentations and discussions of the latest scientific and technological developments in various areas of research, with an emphasis on smart design and future technologies. It brings together researchers, students and professionals from the industrial and academic sectors to discuss current technological issues. Among the main topics covered in this book, we can highlight Artificial Neural Networks, Computational Vision, Security Applications, Web Tool, Cloud Environment, Network Functions Virtualization, Software-Defined Networks, IoT, Residential Automation, Data Acquisition, Industry 4.0, Cyber-Physical Systems, Digital Image Processing, Infrared Images, Patters Recognition, Digital Video Processing, Precoding, Embedded Systems, Machine Learning, Remote Sensing, Wireless Sensor Network, Heterogeneous Networks, Unmanned Ground Vehicle, Unmanned Aerial System, Security, Surveillance, Traffic Analysis, Digital Television, 5G, Image Filter, Partial Differential Equation, Smoothing Filters, Voltage Controlled Ring Oscillator, Difference Amplifier, Photocatalysis, Photodegradation, Cosmic Radiation Effects, Radiation Hardening Techniques, Surface Electromyography, Sickle cell disease methodology, MicroRNAs, Image Processing Venipuncture, Cognitive Ergonomics, Ecosystem services, Environmental, Power Generation, Ecosystem services valuation, Solid Waste and University Extension.

Micro and nano-fluidics concerns fluid dynamics occurring in devices or flow configurations with minimum design length measured in micrometers or smaller. The behavior of fluids at these scales is quite different from that at the macroscopic level due to the presence of surface tension effects, wetting phenomena, Brownian diffusion and hydrodynamic interactions with immersed particles and microstructures. These effects cannot be generally represented in a classical homogeneous continuum framework. However, this triggers the development of new tools to investigate and simulate problems at the meso-scopic level.

This book contains a collection of works presented at the IUTAM Symposium on Advances on Micro and Nano-fluidics held in Dresden in 2007. It covers several subjects of wide interest for micro and nano-fluidics applications focusing on both, analytical and numerical approaches. Topics covered in particular include multi-scale particle methods for numerical simulations, liquid-wall interactions and modeling approaches, modeling of immersed nano-scale structures, organized flow behavior at micro and nano-scales, and methods for control of micro- and nano-scale flows.

This book gathers the latest advances, innovations, and applications in the field of computational engineering, as presented by leading international researchers and engineers at the 27th International Conference on Computational & Experimental Engineering and Sciences (ICCES), held online on January 8-12, 2022. ICCES covers all aspects of applied sciences and engineering: theoretical, analytical, computational, and experimental studies and solutions of problems in the physical, chemical, biological, mechanical, electrical, and mathematical sciences. As such, the book discusses highly diverse topics, including composites; bioengineering & biomechanics; geotechnical engineering; offshore & arctic engineering; multi-scale & multi-physics fluid engineering; structural integrity & longevity; materials design & simulation; and computer modeling methods in engineering. The contributions, which were selected by means of a rigorous international peer-review process, highlight numerous exciting ideas that will spur novel research directions and foster multidisciplinary collaborations.

This book analyzes the determinants and scope of Soviet defense reform under Gorbachev from political, military, and economic perspectives.

The chapters of this book summarize the lectures delivered du ring the NATO Advanced Study Institute (ASI) on Computational Methods in Mechanisms, that took place in the Sts. Constantin and Elena Resort, near Varna, on the Bulgarian Coast of the Black Sea, June 16-28, 1997. The purpose of the ASI was to bring together leading researchers in the area of mechanical systems at large, with special emphasis in the computational issues around their analysis, synthesis, and optimization, during two weeks of lectures and discussion. A total of 89 participants from 23 count ries played an active role during the lectures and sessions of contributed papers. Many of the latter are being currently reviewed for publication in specialized journals. The subject of the book is mechanical systems, Le., systems composed of rigid and flexible bodies, coupled by mechanical means so as to constrain their various bodies in a goal-oriented manner, usually driven under computer con trol. Applications of the discipline are thus of the most varied nature, ranging from transportation systems to biomedical devices. U nder normal operation conditions, the constitutive bodies of a mechanical system can be consid ered to be rigid, the rigidity property then easing dramatically the analysis of the kinematics and dynamics of the system at hand. Examples of these systems are the suspension of a terrestrial vehicle negotiating a curve at speeds within the allowed or recommended limits and the links of multiaxis industrial robots performing conventional pick-and-place operations."

Is reader friendly, particularly for a beginner who has no prior knowledge in this subject, because it is more organised and better structured Treats the important step of formulating the overall stiffness matrix of a structure in a systematic and straightforward manner, which is quite often not very clearly explained in most textbooks on the market Has the level of detail and clear presentation of the subject matter as one of its main features, which is an important factor that helps the reader to easily follow and understand the topic presented Gradually build up on the subject matter, with the chapters arranged in a sequence to serve the purpose Use simple mathematical approaches wherever possible so that even a reader with knowledge of a first course in mathematics can easily understand the operations performed