This book is intended primarily as a teaching text, as well as a reference for individual study in the behavior of thin walled structural components. Such structures are widely used in the engineering profession for spacecraft, missiles, aircraft, land-based vehicles, ground structures, ocean craft, underwater vessels and structures, pressure vessels, piping, chemical processing equipment, modern housing, etc. It presupposes that the reader has already completed one basic course in the mechanics or strength of materials. It can be used for both undergraduate and graduate courses. Since beams (columns, rods), plates and shells comprise components of so many of these modern structures, it is necessary for engineers to have a working knowledge of their behavior when these structures are subjected to static, dynamic (vibration and shock) and environmental loads. Since this text is intended for both teaching and self-study, it stresses fundamental behavior and techniques of solution. It is not an encyclopedia of all research or design data, but provides the reader the wherewithal to read and study the voluminous literature. Chapter 1 introduces the three-dimensional equations oflinear elasticity, deriving them to the extent necessary to treat the following material. Chapter 2 presents, in a concise way, the basic assumptions and derives the governing equations for classical Bernoulli-Euler beams and plates in a manner that is clearly understood.

OverviewThis classic reference is a compilation of a series of gear-designing charts illustrating by simple diagrams and examples the solutions of practical problems relating to spur gears, straight-tooth bevel gears, spiral-bevel gears, helical gears for parallel shaft drives, helical (spiral) gears for angular drives, herringbone gears, and worm gears.

Mechanics as a fundamental science in Physics and in Engineering deals with interactions of forces resulting in motion and deformation of material bodies. Similar to other sciences Mechanics serves in the world of Physics and in that of Engineering in a di?erent way, in spite of many and increasing inter- pendencies. Machines and mechanisms are for physicists tools for cognition and research, for engineers they are the objectives of research, according to a famous statement of the Frankfurt physicist and biologist Friedrich Dessauer. Physicists apply machines to support their questions to Nature with the goal of new insights into our physical world. Engineers apply physical knowledge to support the realization process of their ideas and their intuition. Physics is an analytical Science searching for answers to questions concerning the world around us. Engineering is a synthetic Science, where the physical and ma- ematical fundamentals play the role of a kind of reinsurance with respect to a really functioning and e?ciently operating machine. Engineering is also an iterative Science resulting in typical long-time evolutions of their products, but also in terms of the relatively short-time developments of improving an existing product or in developing a new one. Every physical or mathematical Science has to face these properties by developing on their side new methods, new practice-proved algorithms up to new fundamentals adaptable to new technological developments. This is as a matter of fact also true for the ?eld of Mechanics.

Theory of mechanisms is an applied science of mechanics that studies the relationship between geometry, mobility, topology, and relative motion between rigid bodies connected by geometric forms. Recently, knowledge in kinematics and mechanisms has considerably increased, causing a renovation in the methods of kinematic analysis. With the progress of the algebras of kinematics and the mathematical methods used in the optimal solution of polynomial equations, it has become possible to formulate and elegantly solve problems. Mechanisms: Kinematic Analysis and Applications in Robotics provides an updated approach to kinematic analysis methods and a review of the mobility criteria most used in planar and spatial mechanisms. Applications in the kinematic analysis of robot manipulators complement the material presented in the book, growing in importance when one recognizes that kinematics is a basic area in the control and modeling of robot manipulators.

3D Printing: A Revolutionary Process for Industry Applications examines how some companies have already adopted 3D printing, gives guidance on critical areas such as manufacturing supply, and traces the lifecycle of 3D printing as well as cost drivers and influences. The author leverages his experience in leading engineering firms to bring together an industry-by-industry guide to the potentials of 3D printing for large-scale manufacturing and engineering. The book provides all the skills and insights that a Chief Engineer would need to address complex manufacturing problems in the real-world using 3D printing technology. As 3D printing is a rapidly growing area with the potential to transform industries, the potential for large-scale adoption involves complex systems crossing engineering disciplines. In order to use 3D printing to solve manufacturing problems in this context, an array of expertise and knowledge about technology, suppliers, the uses of 3D printing by industry, 3D printing lifecycle and cost drivers must be assembled. This book accomplishes that by introducing 3D printing technology with specific references to 18 industry sectors.

This book presents the most significant contributions to the DINAME 2017 conference, covering a range of dynamic problems to provide insights into recent trends and advances in a broad variety of fields seldom found in other proceedings volumes. DINAME has been held every two years since 1986 and is internationally recognized as a central forum for discussing scientific achievements related to dynamic problems in mechanics. Unlike many other conferences, it employs a single-session format for the oral presentations of all papers, which limits the number of accepted papers to roughly 100 and makes the evaluation process extremely rigorous. The papers gathered here will be of interest to all researchers, graduate students and engineering professionals working in the fields of mechanical and mechatronics engineering and related areas around the globe.

Considerably simplified models of macroscopic material behavior, such as the idealization for metals of elastic-time independent plastic response with a yield (onset) criterion, have served the engineering profession well for many years. They are still basic to the design and analysis of most structural applications. In the need to use materials more effectively, there are circumstances where those traditional models are not adequate, and constitutive laws that are more physically realistic have to be employed. This is especially relevant to conditions where the inherent time dependence of inelastic deformations, referred to as "viscoplasticity," is pronounced such as at elevated temperatures and for high strain rates. Unified theories of elastic-viscoplastic material behavior, which are primarily applicable for metals and metallic alloys, combine all aspects of inelastic response into a set of time dependent equations with a single inelastic strain rate variable. For such theories, creep under constant stress, stress relaxation under constant strain, and stress-strain relations at constant rates are each special cases of a general formulation. Those equations mayor may not include a yield criterion, but models which do not separate a fully elastic region from the overall response could be considered "unified" in a more general sense. The theories have reached a level of development and maturity where they are being used in a number of sophisticated engineering applications. However, they have not yet become a standard method of material representation for general engineering practice.

This book discusses the application of independent continuous mapping method in predicting and the optimization of the mechanical performance of buckling with displacement, stress and static constrains. Each model is explained by mathematical theories and followed by simulation with frequently-used softwares. With abundant project data, the book is an essential reference for mechanical engineers, structural engineers and industrial designers.

Mastering modelling, and in particular numerical models, is becoming a crucial and central question in modern computational mechanics. Various tools, able to quantify the quality of a model with regard to another one taken as the reference, have been derived. Applied to computational strategies, these tools lead to new computational methods which are called "adaptive." The present book is concerned with outlining the state of the art and the latest advances in both these important areas.

Papers are selected from a Workshop (Cachan 17-19 September 1997) which is the third of a series devoted to Error Estimators and Adaptivity in Computational Mechanics. The Cachan Workshop dealt with latest advances in adaptive computational methods in mechanics and their impacts on solving engineering problems. It was centered too on providing answers to simple questions such as: what is being used or can be used at present to solve engineering problems? What should be the state of art in the year 2000? What are the new questions involving error estimators and their applications?

An ideal text for students that ties together classical and modern topics of advanced vibration analysis in an interesting and lucid manner. It provides students with a background in elementary vibrations with the tools necessary for understanding and analyzing more complex dynamical phenomena that can be encountered in engineering and scientific practice. It progresses steadily from linear vibration theory over various levels of nonlinearity to bifurcation analysis, global dynamics and chaotic vibrations. It trains the student to analyze simple models, recognize nonlinear phenomena and work with advanced tools such as perturbation analysis and bifurcation analysis. Explaining theory in terms of relevant examples from real systems, this book is user-friendly and meets the increasing interest in non-linear dynamics in mechanical/structural engineering and applied mathematics and physics. This edition includes a new chapter on the useful effects of fast vibrations and many new exercise problems.

This book presents the view of European wind energy experts on the long-term research challenges to be solved in order to develop wind energy beyond the applications of today and tomorrow. By this book, the European Academy of Wind Energy (eawe), representing universities and institutes with a significant wind energy programme in 14 countries, wants to: identify current technological and scientific barriers and to stimulate new creative ideas to overcome these barriers define priorities for future scientific research rethink our scientific view of wind energy stimulate the cooperation among researchers in fundamental and applied sciences towards wind energy research The eawe has discussed these long-term research with an explicit focus on a longer-term perspective, in contrast to research agendas addressing short- to medium-term research activities. In other words, this long-term research agenda is driven by problems and curiosity, addressing basic research and fundamental knowledge in 11 research areas, ranging from physics and design to environmental and societal aspects. Because of the very nature of this initiative, this document does not intend to be permanent or complete. It shows the vision of the experts of the European Academy of Wind Energy, but other views may be possible. The eawe sincerely hopes that it will spur an even more intensive discussion worldwide within the wind energy community.

This book provides an in-depth, comprehensive and up-to-date coverage of the subject of plasma charging damage in modern VLSI circuit manufacturing. It is written for beginners as well as practitioners. For beginners, this book presents an easy-to-follow, unified explanation of various charging-damage phenomena, the goal being to provide them with a solid foundation for taking on real damage problems encountered in VLSI manufacturing. For practitioners, it can help bridge the gap between disciplines by providing all of the necessary background materials in one place.Drawing on the author's wide range of experience in plasma science, processing technologies, device physics and reliability physics, the text includes information on: - plasma and mechanisms of plasma damage;- wear-out and breakdown of thin gate-oxides;- the impact of processing equipment on damage;- methods of damage measurement;- damage management; - gate-oxide scaling.

Phase transition phenomena in solids are of vital interest to physicists, materials scientists, and engineers who need to understand and model the mechanical behavior of solids during various kinds of phase transformations. This volume is a collection of 29 written contributions by distinguished invited speakers from 14 countries to the IUTAM Symposium on Mechanics of Martensitic Phase Transformation in Solids, the first IUTAM Symposium focusing on this topic. It contains basic theoretical and experimental aspects of the recent advances in the mechanics research of martensitic phase transformations. The main topics include microstructure and interfaces, material instability and its propagation, micromechanics approaches, interaction between plasticity and phase transformation, phase transformation in thin films, single and polycrystalline shape memory alloys, shape memory polymers, TRIP steels, etc. Due to the multidisciplinary nature of the research covered, this volume will be of interest to researchers, graduate students and engineers in the field of theoretical and applied mechanics as well as materials science and technology.

The Inclusion-Based Boundary Element Method (iBEM) is an innovative numerical method for the study of the multi-physical and mechanical behaviour of composite materials, linear elasticity, potential flow or Stokes fluid dynamics. It combines the basic ideas of Eshelby's Equivalent Inclusion Method (EIM) in classic micromechanics and the Boundary Element Method (BEM) in computational mechanics. The book starts by explaining the application and extension of the EIM from elastic problems to the Stokes fluid, and potential flow problems for a multiphase material system in the infinite domain. It also shows how switching the Green's function for infinite domain solutions to semi-infinite domain solutions allows this method to solve semi-infinite domain problems. A thorough examination of particle-particle interaction and particle-boundary interaction exposes the limitation of the classic micromechanics based on Eshelby's solution for one particle embedded in the infinite domain, and demonstrates the necessity to consider the particle interactions and boundary effects for a composite containing a fairly high volume fraction of the dispersed materials. Starting by covering the fundamentals required to understand the method and going on to describe everything needed to apply it to a variety of practical contexts, this book is the ideal guide to this innovative numerical method for students, researchers, and engineers.

Force and motion control systems of varying degrees of sophistication have shaped the lives of all individuals living in industrialized countries all over the world, and together with communication technology are largely responsible for the high standard ofliving prevalent in many communities. The brains of the vast majority of current control systems are electronic, in the shape of computers, microprocessors or programmable logic controllers (PLC), the nerves are provided by sensors, mainly electromech anical transducers, and the muscle comprises the drive system, in most cases either electric, pneumatic or hydraulic. The factors governing the choice of the most suitable drive are the nature of the application, the performance specification, size, weight, environ mental and safety constraints, with higher power levels favouring hydraulic drives. Past experience, especially in the machine tool sector, has clearly shown that, in the face of competition from electric drives, it is difficult to make a convincing case for hydraulic drives at the bottom end of the power at fractional horsepower level. A further, and frequently range, specifically overriding factor in the choice of drive is the familiarity of the system designer with a particular discipline, which can inhibit the selection of the optimum and most cost-effective solution for a given application. One of the objectives of this book is to help the electrical engineer overcome his natural reluctance to apply any other than electric drives."

This book focuses on nanocarbons (carbon nanotubes, graphene, nanoporous carbon, and carbon black) and related materials for energy conversion, including fuel cells (predominately proton exchange membrane fuel cells [PEMFC]), Li-ion batteries, and supercapacitors. Written by a group of internationally recognized researchers, it offers an in-depth review of the structure, properties, and functions of nanocarbons, and summarizes recent advances in the design, fabrication and characterization of nanocarbon-based catalysts for energy applications. As such, it is an invaluable resource for graduate students, academics and industrial scientists interested in the areas of nanocarbons, energy materials for fuel cells, batteries and supercapacitors as well as materials design, and supramolecular science.

1. 1 Preliminary Concepts A cam mechanism is a mechanical system consisting of three basic components: a driving element, called the cam; a driven element, termed the follower; and a fixed frame. Sometimes, an intermediate element is introduced between the cam and the follower with the purpose of improving the mechanism performance. This element is called the roller because function is to produce a pure-rolling relative motion be tween the cam and the follower. The purpose ofa cam mechanism is the transmission of power or information. In applications concerning power transmission, the main good to be transmitted is force or torque; in applications ofinformation transmission, the main good transmitted takes the form of motion signals. Most modern appli cations of cam mechanisms, to be described shortly, are of the former type. Cam mechanisms used for information transmission were traditionally found in measuring instruments. With the advent ofmodern microprocessor-based hardware, this typeof application is becoming less common. Nevertheless, cam mechanisms are still used in a wide spectrum of applications, especially in automatic machines and instruments, textile machinery, computers, printing presses, food-processing equipment, internal combustion engines, control systems, and photographic equipment (Prenzel, 1989). In the design of cam mechanisms, the engineer performs several activities, namely, task definition, synthesis, analysis, optimization, and dynamic simulation. These tasks do not always follow this order. In fact, some loops may appear in the foregoing tasks, such as those illustrated in Fig. 1. 1. 1."

Because of its versatility in analyzing a broad range of applications, multibody dynamics has grown in the past two decades to be an important tool for designing, prototyping, and simulating complex articulated mechanical systems. This textbooka "a result of the authora (TM)s many years of research and teachinga "brings together diverse concepts of dynamics, combining the efforts of many researchers in the field of mechanics. Bridging the gap between dynamics and engineering applications such as microrobotics, virtual reality simulation of interactive mechanical systems, nanomechanics, flexible biosystems, crash simulation, and biomechanics, the book puts into perspective the importance of modeling in the dynamic simulation and solution of problems in these fields.

To help engineering students and practicing engineers understand the rigid-body dynamics concepts needed for the book, the author presents a compiled overview of particle dynamics and Newtona (TM)s second law of motion in the first chapter. A particular strength of the work is its use of matrices to generate kinematic coefficients associated with the formulation of the governing equations of motion. Additional features of the book include:

* numerous worked examples at the end of each section

* introduction of boundary-element methods (BEM) in the description of flexible systems

* up-to-date solution techniques for rigid and flexible multibody dynamics using finite- element methods (FEM)

* inclusion of MATLAB-based simulations and graphical solutions

* in-depth presentation of constrained systems

* presentation of the general form of equations of motion ready for computerimplementation

* two unique chapters on stability and linearization of the equations of motion

Junior/senior undergraduates and first-year graduate engineering students taking a course in dynamics, physics, control, robotics, or biomechanics will find this a useful book with a strong computer orientation towards the subject. The work may also be used as a self-study resource or research reference for practitioners in the above-mentioned fields.

This volume constitutes the Proceedings of the IUTAM Symposium on 'Scaling in Solid Mechanics', held in Cardiff from 25th to 29th June 2007. The Symposium was convened to address and place on record topical issues in theoretical, experimental and computational aspects of scaling approaches to solid mechanics and related fields. Scaling is a rapidly expanding area of research having multidisciplinaryapplications. The expertise represented in the Symposium was accordingly very wide, and many of the world's greatest authorities in their respective fields participated.

Scaling methods apply wherever there is similarity across many scales or a need to bridge different scales, e.g. the nanoscale and macroscale. The emphasis in the Symposium was upon fundamental issues such as: mathematical foundations of scaling methods based on transformations and connections between multi-scale approaches and transformations. The Symposium remained focussed on fundamental research issues of practical significance. The topics considered included damage accumulation, growth of fatigue cracks, development of patterns of flaws in the earth's core and in ice, abrasiveness of rough surfaces, and so on. The Symposium showed that scaling methods cannot be reduced solely to dimensional analysis and fractal approaches. Modern scaling approaches consist of a great diversity of techniques.

These proceedings contain lectures on state-of-the-art developments in self-similar solutions, fractal models, models involving interplay between different scales, size effects in fracture of solids and bundles of fibres, scaling in problems of fracture mechanics, nanomechanics, contact mechanics and testing of materials byindentation, scaling issues in mechanics of agglomeration of adhesive particles, and in biomimetic of adhesive contact.

Soils are complex materials: they have a particulate structure and fluids can seep through pores, mechanically interacting with the solid skeleton. Moreover, at a microscopic level, the behaviour of the solid skeleton is highly unstable. External loadings are in fact taken by grain chains which are continuously destroyed and rebuilt. Many issues of modeling, even of the physical details of the phenomena, remain open, even obscure; de Gennes listed them not long ago in a critical review. However, despite physical complexities, soil mechanics has developed on the assumption that a soil can be seen as a continuum, or better yet as a medium obtained by the superposition of two and sometimes three con and the other fluids, which occupy the same portion of tinua, one solid space. Furthermore, relatively simple and robust constitutive laws were adopted to describe the stress-strain behaviour and the interaction between the solid and the fluid continua. The contrast between the intrinsic nature of soil and the simplistic engi neering approach is self-evident. When trying to describe more and more sophisticated phenomena (static liquefaction, strain localisation, cyclic mo bility, effects of diagenesis and weathering, ..... ), the nalve description of soil must be abandoned or, at least, improved. Higher order continua, incrementally non-linear laws, micromechanical considerations must be taken into account. A new world was opened, where basic mathematical questions (such as the choice of the best tools to model phenomena and the proof of the well-posedness of the consequent problems) could be addressed."

The first Workshop on Mechanisms, Transmissions and Applications -- MeTrApp-2011 was organized by the Mechatronics Department at the Mechanical Engineering Faculty, "Politehnica" University of Timisoara, Romania, under the patronage of the IFToMM Technical Committees Linkages and Mechanical Controls and Micromachines. The workshop brought together researchers and students who work in disciplines associated with mechanisms science and offered a great opportunity for scientists from all over the world to present their achievements, exchange innovative ideas and create solid international links, setting the trend for future developments in this important and creative field. The topics treated in this volume are mechanisms and machine design, mechanical transmissions, mechatronic and biomechanic applications, computational and experimental methods, history of mechanism and machine science and teaching methods.

This book develops methods to simulate and analyze the time-dependent changes of stress and strain states in engineering structures up to the critical stage of creep rupture. The objective of this book is to review some of the classical and recently proposed approaches to the modeling of creep for structural analysis applications. It also aims to extend the collection of available solutions of creep problems by new, more sophisticated examples.

This book contains a selection of research papers presented at the 11th and 12th International Ship Stability Workshops (Wageningen, 2010 and Washington DC, 2011) and the 11th International Conference on Stability of Ships and Ocean Vehicles (Athens, 2012). The book is directed toward the ship stability community and presents innovative ideas concerning the understanding of the physical nature of stability failures and methodologies for assessing ship stability. Particular interest of the readership is expected in relation with appearance of new and unconventional types of ships; assessment of stability of these ships cannot rely on the existing experience and has to be based on the first principles. As the complexity of the physical processes responsible for stability failure have increasingly made time-domain numerical simulation the main tool for stability assessment, particular emphasis is made on the development an application of such tools. The included papers have been selected by the editorial committee and have gone through an additional review process, with at least two reviewers allocated for each. Many of the papers have been significantly updated or expanded from their original version, in order to best reflect the state of knowledge concerning stability at the time of the book's publication. The book consist of four parts: Mathematical Model of Ship Motions in Waves, Dynamics of Large Motions, Experimental Research and Requirements, Regulations and Operations.