Chris has tried to show the tractors carrying out a wide range of tasks. His concise text explains what is going on in the pictures. He includes some basic technical specifications such as power outputs so that the reader can roughly compare different tractors and have an idea of the size and capability of each. The 41 tractors chosen come from 25 marques. Many of the tractor manufacturers have parent companies, some of which own a number of tractor makers. Chris gives these details as well as the country of assembly and/or manufacture. Tractor enthusiasts will enjoy this book, but it is particularly designed to be an introduction for visitors to rural shows, farm parks and country bookshops.

Condensing several decades of hands-on Mini experience into a restoration manual that works with and enhances existing repair manuals, Iain Ayre encourages the reader to evaluate realistically their own potential, equip a garage as a restoration shop, and buy exactly the right sort of nasty old Mini. Showing two major semi-professional body restorations, on older and newer classic Minis, this manual explains how a full-scale rust rescue job can be successfully tackled, before looking at the aspects of restoration not usually covered in repair manuals, such as rewiring, and rebuilding and retrimming seats. Once your Mini is on its way to full restoration, you'll be shown the art of improving Minis, an art learned during the writing of hundreds of articles on modified Minis ... and in racing and crashing them!

Covering all the motor bus and trolleybus products of Guy Motors, this book recounts the history of an iconic British coachbuilder. It begins with the early origins of Sydney Guy's eponymous company, followed by the ubiquitous Arab bus and the eventual absorption of the company into the British Leyland empire. Starting with the small single deck vehicles of the 1920s, the story continues with the development of the six-wheeled chassis, with both internal combustion and electrically powered trolleybus formats. The book also examines the leading technological developments in braking, suspension and chassis design, now commonplace, that were to lead to both the Victory and Wulfrunian products, neither of which were the commercial success originally intended. The story develops with the acquisition of the Guy Motors business by Jaguar and eventual absorption into British Leyland, and ends with the final Guy Motors-inspired designs sold under the Leyland brand. In addition to new images of preserved vehicles, the book is illustrated with an extensive selection of period images of vehicles in normal service and manufacturer's sales brochures.

An historic and nostalgic look at the role of the Land Rover in the emergency services over the last 70 years. Land Rover products have been used by the emergency services almost from the moment the first model left the factory in 1948. The agility and size of these vehicles made them an immediate hit with fire services, where they initially became popular as factory fire tenders. Police forces were also attracted by the cross-country ability and versatility of Land Rovers, especially outside Britain, and, when long-wheelbase models provided extra space, they also became favourites for ambulance conversions. Some emergency-service conversions required very little adaptation, and were carried out in the workshops of the end-users. Others - such as six-wheel Range Rover fire tenders - required major alterations from the factory-standard vehicle. Meanwhile, specialist companies developed dedicated ambulance and fire tender bodywork, creating a fascinating variety of body types. The vehicles featured in this book illustrate the versatility and adaptability of Land Rovers and their more modern SUV siblings. This book will interest Land Rover enthusiasts and emergency-vehicle enthusiasts alike, with evocative photographs that illustrate both historic vehicles and more recent vehicles in action.

The book covers over 100 years of tractor development and features more than 100 different tractors. The first steam engines on wheels which used belts to drive farm machinery developed into traction engines, used on farms by pulling a plough on cables between two engines. In the 20th century, stationary internal combustion engines, such as the Clutterbuck, began to be put on wheels and moved around a farm to drive threshing machines by belt. Dozens of small companies grew up around the world following their own lines of development. Most lasted only a short time. Firms like Allis-Chalmers, Benz, Lloyd, Jelbart, Glasgow, Fordson, Bates and Hart-Parr are famous names which have faded away or been taken over. A few companies, such as Case and Massey, started in the middle of the 19th century and continue today on a global scale. John Deere started making ploughs in 1837 and is now the largest manufacturer in the world. Some developments have caused a giant leap forward: the use of rubber pneumatic tyres rather than metal wheels; turbo-charged diesel engines and the hydraulic three-point hitch system designed by Ferguson, which is still used today in some form on most modern machines. All are photographed here, many in action and in different countries.

The hey-day of the British gypsy caravan was short, only about 70 years, during which period it grew from a simple utility vehicle, blossomed and flourished as a mobile work of art, then disappeared from common sight. These caravans were masterpieces of woodcraft and design, and the best of them cost as much as a small house. Unlike any small house, almost half the cost was in the decoration. This beautifully illustrated book presents the different types of caravan and the great variety of art which was carved and painted upon them and their brothers-in-transport, the old narrowboats. While there were certain rules and conventions of style, the decoration on and in all the types was ultimately governed only by how much money could be spent. The caravan in particular was the supreme status symbol among travelling people and its art the prime means for expressing where one stood in the world.

"Uncover the Technology behind Hybrids and Make an Intelligent Decision When Purchasing Your Next Vehicle"

With one billion cars expected to be on the roads of the world in the near future, the potential for war over oil and the negative environmental effects of emissions will be greater than ever before. Now is the time to seriously consider an alternative to standard automobiles.

Exploring practical solutions to these problems, Hybrid Vehicles and the Future of Personal Transportation provides broad coverage of the technologies involved in manufacturing and operating hybrids. It reviews key components of hybrid and pure electric vehicles, including batteries, fuel cells, and ultracapacitors. The book also discusses both concept and production-bound hybrids as well as the economics and safety issues of hybrid ownership. In addition, the author supplies effective tips on how to save gasoline with conventional and hybrid automobiles.

Making the jargon of fuel-efficient vehicles accessible to a wide audience, this guide explains the history of hybrids, how they work, and their impact on the environment. It will help you make a sound decision concerning the purchase and operation of a hybrid or electric vehicle.

In the early 1930s the tramcar in Blackpool was at a crossroads; the system needed investment in both new track and new trams whilst there was a serious threat that the 'town' routes - as elsewhere in Britain as operators faced the same challenges - might have been converted to bus operation. The appointment of Walter Luff as the new general manager was, however, to prove a turning point. Working closely with English Electric, based in nearby Preston, Luff developed a series of streamlined trams - both single-deck and double-deck - that were to revolutionise the town's tramway. By the end of 1930s, the corporation had acquired more than 100 new trams - the majority built by English Electric but with 20 coming from Brush - that ensured the survival not only of the key route along the Promenade to Fleetwood but also of the bulk of the 'town' routes. Over the next 70 years these trams were to form the cornerstone of the Blackpool system. Almost from the start, when a number were modified to cater for the changed requirements during the Second World War, many of the trams were rebuilt - into the power cars that worked with the trailers, for example, or the one-man operated cars of the early 1970s - that extended their lives and saw them outlast more modern designs. It was only with the modernisation of the Blackpool system in the first decade of the 20th century that, finally, they became largely obsolete but still, as part of the heritage fleet, they remain very much part of the contemporary Blackpool scene. This book examines the history of Blackpool's streamlined trams of the 1930s from development through to preservation.

Seine ausgepragte Wirtschaftlichkeit und Zuverlassigkeit machen den Dieselmotor zum bevorzugten Antriebskonzept fur Nutzfahrzeuge. Dabei zieht sich der Name Bosch wie ein roter Faden durch die gesamte Entwicklungsgeschichte des Dieselmotors: Bereits in den ersten serienreifen Dieselfahrzeugen sorgten Reihenpumpen von Bosch fur eine zuverlassige Einspritzung. Im folgenden Beitrag wird die Funktionsweise der verschiedenen Diesel-Einspritzsysteme von Bosch beschrieben sowie deren Potenzial, die in Zukunft immer strenger werdenden Anforderungen in Bezug auf Abgasemissionen, Wirt- schaftlichkeit und Fahrverhalten zu erfullen. Entwicklungen in der Dieseleinspritztechnik Rudolf Diesel liess sich den Prozess einer selbstzundenden Verbrennung bereits vor mehr als 100 jahren patentieren. Ende 1922 begann bei Bosch die Entwicklung eines Einspritzsystems fur Dieselmotoren. Die technischen Voraussetzungen waren gunstig: Bosch verfugte uber Erfahrungen mit Verbrennungsmotoren, die Ferti- gungstechnik war hoch entwickelt und vor allem konnten Kenntnisse, die man bei der Fertigung von Schmierpumpen gesammelt hatte, eingesetzt werden. Dennoch war dies fur Bosch ein grosses Wagnis, da es viele Aufgaben zu loesen gab.

Recounts the history of the Good Roads Movement that arose in progressive-era Alabama, how it used the power of the state to achieve its objectives of improving market roads for farmers and highways for automobiles Getting Out of the Mud: The Alabama Good Roads Movement and Highway Administration, 1898-1928 explores the history of the Good Roads Movement and investigates the nature of early twentieth-century progressivism in the state. Martin T. Olliff reveals how middle-class reformers secured political, economic, and social power not only by fighting against corporate domination and labor recalcitrance but also by proposing alternative projects like road improvement and identifying the interests of the rising middle class as being the most important to public interest. With the development of national markets in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, Americans began to regard the nation as a whole, rather than their state or region, as the most important political entity. Many Alabamians wished to travel beyond their local communities in all seasons without getting stuck in the mud of rudimentary rutted dirt roads. The onset of the automobile age bolstered the need for roadmaking, alerting both automobilists and good roads advocates to the possibility of a new transportation infrastructure. The Good Roads Movement began promoting farm-to-market roads, then highways that linked cities, then those that connected states. Federal matching funds for road construction after 1916 led state and federal governments to supplant the Good Roads Movement, building and administering the highway system that emerged by the late 1920s. Olliff's study of how Alabamians dealt with strained resources and overcame serious political obstacles in order to construct a road system that would accommodate economic growth in the twentieth century may offer clues to the resurrection of a similar strategy in our modern era. Many problems are unchanged over the hundred years between crises: Alabamians demand good roads and a government that has the capacity to build and maintain such an infrastructure while, at the same time, citizens are voting into office men and women who promise lower taxes and smaller government.

The preservation of our transport heritage is something that the British excel at. The Buses magazine Museum & Rally Guide 2020-21 lists forty museums in the United Kingdom plus one in the Republic of Ireland with collections of buses (and sometimes trams or trolleybuses) amongst their exhibits. The rally calendar section lists hundreds of events taking part every year. This has all developed since the 1950s. Prior to this a few far-sighted companies such as The London General Omnibus Company (later London Transport) had put aside some old vehicles but they were not on regular display. Private preservation started in the 1950s and the first clubs for preservationists were established such as the Historic Commercial Vehicle Club in 1958. A few early events were held, but the first regular event was the HCVC (now HCVS) London to Brighton Run which began in 1962 and has continued ever since. Museum sites were established in the 1960s - The Museum of British Transport opened in stages between 1961 and 1963 and would lead eventually to the London Transport Museum. The East Anglian Transport Museum at Carlton Colville and the Sandtoft Transport Centre both opened in the 1960s. But it would be the 1970s when the rallies and Open Days' we know today really began to take off. This book looks back at the formative years to 1980 when the seeds of the preservation and rally movement of today were being sown.

Robert A. Van Wyck, mayor of the greater city of New York, broke ground for the first subway line by City Hall on March 24, 1900. It took four years, six months, and twenty-three days to build the line from City Hall to West 145th Street in Harlem. Things rarely went that quickly ever again. The Routes Not Taken explores the often dramatic stories behind the unbuilt or unfinished subway lines, shedding light on a significant part of New York City's history that has been almost completely ignored until now. Home to one of the world's largest subway systems, New York City made constant efforts to expand its underground labyrinth, efforts that were often met with unexpected obstacles: financial shortfalls, clashing agendas of mayors and borough presidents, battles with local community groups, and much more. After discovering a copy of the 1929 subway expansion map, author Joseph Raskin began his own investigation into the city's underbelly. Using research from libraries, historical societies, and transit agencies throughout the New York metropolitan area, Raskin provides a fascinating history of the Big Apple's unfinished business that until now has been only tantalizing stories retold by public-transit experts. The Routes Not Taken sheds light on the tunnels and stations that were completed for lines that were never fulfilled: the efforts to expand the Hudson tubes into a fullfledged subway; the Flushing line, and why it never made it past Flushing; a platform underneath Brooklyn's Nevins Street station that has remained unused for more than a century; and the 2nd Avenue line-long the symbol of dashed dreams-deferred countless times since the original plans were presented in 1929. Raskin also reveals the figures and personalities involved, including why Fiorello LaGuardia could not grasp the importance of subway lines and why Robert Moses found them to be old and boring. By focusing on the unbuilt lines, Raskin illustrates how the existing subway system is actually a Herculean feat of countless political compromises. Filled with illustrations of the extravagant expansion plans, The Routes Not Taken provides an enduring contribution to the transportation history of New York City.

Already depleted by withdrawals in the London Buses Ltd era, the Leyland Titan fleet of T class was divided upon privatisation between three new companies; London Central, Stagecoach East London and Stagecoach Selkent. Together with a host of smaller companies operating second-hand acquisitions, the Titans' declining years between 1998 and 2003 are explored in this pictorial account that encompasses both standard day-to-day routes, emergency deployments and rail replacement services. Only small numbers remained to usher out the type altogether at the end of 2005, when step-entrance double-deckers as a whole were banished from the capital.

In British Columbia by the Road, Ben Bradley takes readers on an unprecedented journey through the history of roads, highways, and motoring in British Columbia’s Interior, a remote landscape composed of plateaus and interlocking valleys, soaring mountains and treacherous passes. Challenging the idea that the automobile offered travellers the freedom of the road and a view of unadulterated nature, Bradley shows that boosters, businessmen, conservationists, and public servants manipulated what drivers and passengers could and should view from the comfort of their vehicles. Although cars and roads promised freedom, they offered drivers a curated view of the landscape that shaped the province’s image in the eyes of residents and visitors alike.

The UAW's Southern Gamble is the first in-depth assessment of the United Auto Workers' efforts to organize foreign vehicle plants (Daimler-Chrysler, Mercedes-Benz, Nissan, and Volkswagen) in the American South since 1989, an era when union membership declined precipitously. Stephen J. Silvia chronicles transnational union cooperation between the UAW and its counterparts in Brazil, France, Germany and Japan, as well as documenting the development of employer strategies that have proven increasingly effective at thwarting unionization. Silvia shows that when organizing, unions must now fight on three fronts: at the worksite; in the corporate boardroom; and in the political realm. The UAW's Southern Gamble makes clear that the UAW's failed campaigns in the South can teach hard-won lessons about challenging the structural and legal roadblocks to union participation and effectively organizing workers within and beyond the auto industry.

Die Chance, dass Sie Ihren VW Golf genau so ein zweites Mal auf der Strasse sehen, ist gering. Die Explosion der Variantenvielfalt, getrieben durch Verbraucher, die auf ihre Individualitat bestehen, ist voll im Gange. Diese dritte Revolution nach Henry Ford und Toyota betrifft nicht ausschliesslich die Hersteller, sondern die gesamte Wertschopfungskette. Die Autoren zeigen, dass die Losung des Konflikts von Effizienz und Vielfalt bereits in der Entwicklung neuer Fahrzeuge zu suchen ist. Eine Antwort auf diese Herausforderung sind modulare Konzepte, die vollig neue Geschaftsmodelle eroffnen. Pflichtlekture - nicht nur fur Automobilmanager."

Although ancient farmers used draft animals for plowing, the heavy work of harvesting fell to human hands, using sickle and scythe. Change came in the mid-19th century when Cyrus Hall McCormick built the mechanical harvester. Though the McCormicks used their wealth to establish art collections and universities, battle disease, and develop birth control, members of the family faced constant scrutiny and scandal. This book recounts their story as well as the history of the International Harvester Company (IHC-a merger of the McCormick and Deering companies and the world's leader in agricultural machinery in the 1900s.

Following on from London Bus Routes One By One: 1-100, London Bus Routes One By One: 101-200, London Bus Routes One By One: 201-300 and London Bus Routes One By One: 301-969, this fifth and final volume in the series takes a look at the route numbers with letter prefixes. They derive from the Reshaping Plan of 1966, whereby established trunk routes were broken up, and their outer sections turned into feeder services linking interchange hubs or Underground stations. As these new routes were intended to be operated by flat-fare buses, it was decided to distinguish them by using letter prefixes based on geographical area. Flat-fare operation proved unreliable and was soon dropped, though the lettered routes remained, and the system was applied to the normal network when it came time to further sectionalise bus routes because of London's insurmountable traffic. As in previous volumes, a potted history of the routes and their routeing details are accompanied by up-to-date colour photographs showing the buses that operate on each route. Illustrated with over 190 colour photographs, this volume represents an up-to-date snapshot of the fascinating modern London bus scene as it stands in the latter half of 2021.