Why do people sometimes behave aggressively during emergency egress or ingress, knocking down and trampling on others, which disrupts flow and causes blockages, while other times people move in a smooth, coordinated manner? This book contains a comparative analysis of case histories of bad versus good emergency escape. Included are some of the most well-known cases in U.S. history, such as the Iroquois Theatre fire, the Cocoanut Grove fire, and the World Trade Center bombing. Drawing from investigative reports and authoritative sources, the authors present accounts of the circumstances surrounding each case and give 10 factors that are usually the cause for disastrous consequences. This book will be of interest to students and faculty in the fields of psychology, urban planning, and U.S. history.

Museum Studies - as an academic and practical field of research that is rapidly expanding and alive with potential - presents an opportunity and challenge that parallels the explosive growth of museums throughout the world. "Museum Worlds" traces and comments on major regional, theoretical, methodological, and topical themes and debates, and encourages comparison of museum theories, practices, and developments across a variety of settings. Drawing on the expertise and networks of a global editorial board of senior scholars and museum practitioners, "Museum Worlds" both challenges and develops the core concepts that link different disciplinary perspectives on museums by bringing new voices into ongoing debates and discussions.

The engaging range of articles and reflections featured in this inaugural volume raise questions about the public functions, obligations, and values of museums in national as well as local and community contexts. Across case studies and contexts in five continents, they explore current trends in museum-related research and practice and capture the breadth as well as depth of the compelling processes of change presently underway in the field.

The undergraduate years are a special time of life for many students. They are a time for study, yes, but also a time for making independent decisions over what to do beyond formal education. This book is based on a nine-year study of collegiate a cappella — a socio-musical practice that has exploded on college campuses since the 1990s. A defining feature of collegiate a cappella is that it is a student-run leisure activity undertaken by undergraduate students at institutions both large and small, prestigious and lower-status. With rare exceptions, participants are not music majors yet many participants interviewed had previous musical experience both in and out of school settings. Motivations for staying musically involved varied considerably — from those who felt they could not imagine life without a musical outlet to those who joined on a whim. Collegiate a cappella is about much more than singing cover songs. It sustains multiple forms of inequality through its audition practices and its performative enactment of gender and heteronormativity. This book sheds light on how undergraduates conceptualize vocation and avocation within the context of formal education, holding implications for educators at all levels.

Inspired by her own contact with Africa, Caroline Oliver has written biographies of five intrepid women who traveled through the interior of Africa during colonial times. Two were explorers. Alexine Tinne led her own expedition up the Bahr el Ghazal tributary of the Nile. The second sketch traces the expeditions of Florence Baker who accompanied her husband on two hazardous journeys to the lake regions of Central Africa. Oliver portrays Mary Kingsley, an intellectual who walked alone through the West African forests doing ethnographic research. The closing biographies are of two missionaries; Mary Slessor, who became the first female magistrate of the Okon district of Calabar, and Mother Kevin, who established many schools throughout East Africa. Oliver brings to her writing the special enthusiasm gained from having seen the African backgrounds in which these women lived and worked.

"Scally's bio-bibliography, through its size and annotations, reveals the great breadth of Woodson's interests: history, education, politics, and the arts--in Africa and the Caribbean as well as in the US. . . . She has gathered information for both students and scholars of black history that has been neglected far too long." Choice

Despite the fact that media bombard the public with the notion that sex offenders are everywhere-and could be just next door--official sources show that official sex offense rates have been steadily declining over the past 10 years. Yet, when a juvenile is accused of a sexually-based crime, media attention is swift and relentless. The truth about juvenile sex offenders is often, therefore, misunderstood. In many cases, such offenders are victims themselves. Here, Gibson and Vandiver reveal the truth about juvenile sex offenders and what can be done to help them and to prevent the cycle of abuse that leads to such tragic outcomes.

This book sets the records straight about juvenile sex offending. It provides accurate, up-to-date statistics, real life cases, and information about offender characteristics, victim characteristics, family factors, social issues, media involvement, and other related areas. It offers explanations for juvenile sex offending from a variety of perspectives and reviews legal and criminal responses to the problem. Included are discussions of female offenders, punitive measures to prevent repeat offenses, and other steps the federal government and individual states are taking to address the problem. The authors conclude with advice on how to protect children from becoming victims and how to prevent sexual offending in the first place.

These papers on Intelligent Data Analysis and Management (IDAM) examine issues related to the research and applications of Artificial Intelligence techniques in data analysis and management across a variety of disciplines. The papers derive from the 2013 IDAM conference in Kaohsiung ,Taiwan. It is an interdisciplinary research field involving academic researchers in information technologies, computer science, public policy, bioinformatics, medical informatics, and social and behavior studies, etc. The techniques studied include (but are not limited to): data visualization, data pre-processing, data engineering, database mining techniques, tools and applications, evolutionary algorithms, machine learning, neural nets, fuzzy logic, statistical pattern recognition, knowledge filtering, and post-processing, etc.

Team learning is an especially powerful way of using small groups. Different authors have used different terms when writing about small groups: learning groups, collaborative learning, cooperative learning, and team learning. Despite the varying terminology, all refer to the same idea: putting individual students in a class into small groups for the purpose of promoting more active and more effective learning.

By creating a course structure that involves small groups in the initial acquisition of course content, in learning how to apply that content, and in the assessment of student learning, the procedures of team learning offer teachers an extremely powerful tool for creating several kinds of higher level learning. The key to using this tool successfully lies in understanding a few key principles of team dynamics and then learning how to apply those principles to specific subject matter and in a variety of teaching situations. This book explains those principles and shows how team learning transforms the structure of the course, transforms small groups into teams, and transforms the quality of student learning.

The translation of Lyotard's work into English in 1984 marked an important stage in the globalization of the modernity/postmodernity debate involving the central thinkers of the late 20th century, Michel Foucault, Jurgen Habermas, Richard Rorty, and others. This collection of 10 essays brings together for the first time a number of contributions on Lyotard's work made by philosophers, educationalists, and sociologists in the English-speaking world around the special focus of education. The intent behind the essays from scholars in the United States, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand is to examine Lyotard's notion of the postmodern condition and its relevance and special significance for the field of education. Lyotard's work, first published in Paris in 1979, was important in that it developed a particularly original interpretation of the state of knowledge in the most highly developed societies, reviewing and synthesizing a wide range of material on contemporary science, the sociology of postindustrial society and studies of postmodern culture. Lyotard brought together diverse threads and separate literatures in a prophetic analysis that signalled an epochal break with the so-called modern era.

Whether it's in business or politics, between friends, inside a family, or within intimate relationships, lies abound. This book examines who lies and why, identifies six types of lies and liars, and suggests how to protect yourself from manipulation. Everyone lies, perhaps to protect the feelings of another, perhaps to secure a deal that will, in the end, benefit all parties. But where is the line between a "good lie" and a harmful prevarication—and how do we recognize and protect ourselves from the latter? In Playing the Lying Game: Detecting and Dealing with Lies and Liars, from Occasional Fibbers to Frequent Fabricators, accomplished author Gini Graham Scott shares psychological insights into lying that will help answer such questions—and many more. Scott examines every facet of lying, including its history, cultural connections, and motivations. She identifies six types of lies and liars and explains how to detect each type, whether one is confronted with the occasional fibber or a sociopathic, compulsive liar. The book covers lies told in business and politics, lies among friends, lies between dates, married couples, and family members, as well as lies we tell our ourselves. Finally, Scott offers a Lie-Q Test that will help us see how savvy we are—or are not—in detecting fibs, mistruths, and downright deceptions.

Women face different psychological issues at different ages. But these issues and the experience of confronting them depend on cultural contexts. Literary works represent these psychological and social conflicts, but the manner of representation varies according to the culture of the author. This book brings together feminism, postcolonial theory, and developmental psychology to analyze how traditional literary forms are transformed by women writing in different cultures. The volume discusses works by such well known authors as Margaret Atwood, Nadine Gordimer, Keri Hulme, and Doris Lessing, along with fiction by less studied writers such as Barbara Burford, Joan Riley, and Jessica Anderson.

By juxtaposing novels from different cultures, the volume highlights the new ways in which women renegotiate their identities at different ages and writers reconfigure novelistic forms. The first chapter looks at the search for adulthood in Tsitsi Dangarembga's "Nervous Conditions, " set in Zimbabwe, and in Margaret Atwood's "Cat's Eye, " set in Canada. The second, on the seach for intimacy, analyzes how Barbara Burford's lesbian novella The Threshing Floor and Keri Hulme's evocation of Maori commensalism in "The Bone People" undo the traditional romance plot. Later chapters offer similar examinations of how various life stages, such as the searches for place, space, and integrity, are treated in other works.

"The Language of Sadomasochism" contains vocabulary and defines activities that many will find offensive. It has been published to aid linguists, folklorists, sociologists, psychologists, and other adult researchers develop a better understanding of this subculture.

"The Language of Sadomasochism" represents the first systematic, comprehensive account ever attempted of the specialized terminology used by sadomasochists. The work is divided into three distinct sections. Part one provides a thorough introduction to the subculture of sadomasochism, its history in the Western world, and its place in American culture, in literature, and in the work of non-linguist social scientists. Part two is a comprehensive glossary of more than 800 terms currently in use among sadomasochists. For each term the authors provide part-of-speech labels, etymologies, definitions, citations illustrating actual usage, related forms of the word, cross references to semantically and conceptually related terms, and special notes on usage. Part three contains a linguistic analysis of the terminology and illustrates how the language of sadomasochism is related both to the English language as a whole and to the sadomasochists who use the specialized language. The book concludes with a complete bibliography of all references cited, a list of difficult-to-find sadomasochism-related periodicals, and an index providing easy access to groups of semantically and conceptually related terms.

This book is a major revision of R. Golembiewski, R.F. Munzenrider, and J.G. Stevenson's "Stress in Organizations: Toward a Phase Model of Burnout." The authors use some of the same basic data to develop the phase model of burnout, and then examine the support for the model that has emerged since the first book was published. . . . This is a logically constructed progression with a high level of statistical sophistication. The authors have included a great deal of data (presented in tables, graphs, and figures) and a comprehensive bibliography. The writing style is consistent with the content, producing a professional book suited for advanced students and specialists. "Choice"

"Phases of Burnout" provides effective, practical methods of dealing with burnout. Including an easy-to-administer test of strain, the book describes norms to gauge the seriousness of burnout and to guide ameliorative efforts. The authors demonstrate how the incidence of burnout can be estimated with little cost and in various organizational settings. The test assigns individuals to one of eight phases of burnout. These phases co-vary with numerous personal and organizational measures of satisfaction and well-being. The phase model is thus the basis for efforts to remedy the widespread and persistent incidence of burnout.

Oceania has a rich and growing literary tradition. The imaginative literature that emerged in the 1960s often reflected the forms and structures of European literature, though the ideas expressed were typically anticolonial. After three decades, the literature of Oceania has become much more complex, in terms of style as well as content; and authors write in a multiplicity of styles and voices. While the written literature of Oceania is continuously gaining more critical attention, questions about the imposition of European literary standards and values as a further extension of colonialism in the Pacific have become a central issue.

This book is a detailed survey of the expanding amount of critical and interpretive material written about the imaginative literature of authors from Oceania. It focuses on commentary and scholarship concerned with the poetry, fiction, and drama written in English by indigenous peoples of the Pacific Islands, New Zealand, and Australia. The criticisms have appeared in academic books and journals since the mid-1960s. They have developed to the point at which critical issues, related to decolonization and the expression of ideas without having to first satisfy foreign expectations, often determine the direction of such discussions. Entries are grouped in topical chapters, and each entry includes an extensive annotation. An introductory essay summarizes the evolution of Pacific literature.

From religious beliefs and legends to movies and TV shows, from advertising and celebrities to Internet sites and photo ops, this illustrated A–Z encyclopedia makes it easy to locate each topic, and the opportunities for further research assure its timeliness. Is the human race the result of a breeding experiment carried out by ancient astronauts? Are satanists, extraterrestrials—or both—mutilating cattle? Whimsical and fascinating, UFOs and Popular Culture explores a rich facet of Americana and its impact on contemporary society. The UFO phenomenon is put into folkloric and psychological perspective, revealing much about our collective psyche. From religious beliefs and legends to movies and TV shows; from advertising and celebrities to Internet sites and photo ops; this illustrated A–Z encyclopedia is your first stop resource for understanding UFO beliefs and their impact on contemporary America. Topics explored include Music and UFOs, Naked Aliens, Reincarnation, Roswell, Brad Steiger, Heaven's Gate, War of the Worlds, and UFO Conventions.

Female executives of large companies are still in short supply in the U.S., but they have made great strides in recent years and their number is growing. Patricia Werhane and her fellow experts in leadership, ethics, entrepreneurship, and management interviewed twenty-two prominent women--including executives at Kraft, Boeing, and Harley Davidson--to uncover their leadership styles, reveal their most effective practices, and find out how they broke through the glass ceiling. This celebration of stellar executives highlights their achievements, the values and visions that guide them, and the contributions they've made to both their companies and industries. Now, more than ever, these stories need to be told. Despite enormous strides in the status of women in business, female CEOs of Fortune 500 companies can be counted on two hands, and less than 15 percent of Fortune 500 board seats are held by women. These daunting statistics, however, belie another phenomenon: The iceberg of male domination in the boardroom is beginning to break up and melt. More and more women are assuming positions of real leadership. And it's none too soon. With the increasing diversity of the workforce, businesses need the wisdom successful female executives can offer. To encourage more women to step up to the plate, this book tells many stories of perseverance and inventiveness. But it digs deeper to reveal common qualities and characteristics that reflect a style of leadership that is in stark contrast--in every major dimension, from communication styles to team building to crisis management--to the traditional, white-male model that has dominated practice, theory, and management education. While men tend to betransactional leaders, the women profiled in this book are nothing less than inspiring, transformational leaders. Interviewees include, among others: *Anne Arvia, CEO, ShoreBank *Margaret Blackshere, President, Illinois AFL-CIO *Cathy Calhoun, President, Weber Shandwick--Chicago *Ellen Carnahan, Managing Director, William Blair Capital Partners *Deborah L. DeHaas, Managing Partner, Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu *Sondra Healy, Co-Chairman, Turtle Wax *Barbara Provus, Principal and Founder, Shepherd Bueschel & Provus, Inc. *M. Martha Ries, Vice President, Ethics & Business Conduct, The Boeing Company *Desiree Rogers, President, Peoples Gas and North Shore Gas *Paula Sneed, Executive Vice President, Global Marketing Resources & Initiatives, Kraft Foods, Inc. *Donna Zarcone, President and Chief Operating Officer, Harley Davidson Financial Services The result is an incisive, engaging, thought-provoking, and ultimately empowering narrative that will serve as a guide for women now entering, progressing, and leading in the workplace--as well as the men with whom they work.

This book is directly concerned with the reasons underlying bilingual children's poor performance on standardized tests. It is the authors' contention that without an understanding of the nature of bilingualism itself, the problems encountered by bilingual individuals on such tests will continue. The volume's primary purpose is to contribute to the development of a research, knowledge, and theoretical base which can support the testing of bilingual individuals. By reviewing and discussing both the nature of bilingualism and the nature of standardized testing and by presenting a detailed agenda of the questions that must be answered the authors hope to influence existing and future policies which govern the use of tests and test results. This area is of increasing importance to American education and the policy implications are evident.

Historically, in most cultures, domestic violence has been an accepted fact of life. Only in recent years has it begun to be viewed as a criminal problem, and in many societies, it is still culturally acceptable. This informative reference resource allows students to compare and contrast the ways in which domestic abuse is viewed and handled by thirteen different representative countries from around the world. Students are encouraged to think critically to determine which cultures have been the most successful in dealing with domestic abuse and which prevailing techniques have been shared around the world to try to eliminate this very serious problem.

The countries chosen represent vastly different geographic regions and cultures. Each chapter describes how domestic violence is perceived in a particular country and follows with information on the incidence or extent of the problem in that country, as well as specific programs and approaches that have been taken to prevent and control it. This international perspective encourages students to recognize the problem as a global one, providing greater insight into the ways in which we can address it and find solutions to prevent it worldwide.

The Rockefeller philanthropies and the Macy Foundation launched a series of programs during the 1920s and 1930s aimed at the production and dissemination of knowledge on the rearing and education of the young. Thus, millions of dollars in foundation funds were put into projects in child study and parent education, the reorganization of secondary education, child growth and development, culture and personality studies, and the personality development of young children by the Laura Spelman Rockefeller Memorial, the General Education Board, the Macy Foundation during the period 1923 to 1941. Informing these projects was a coherent sociopolitical agenda: in order to promote a stable, pacified social order, the foundation projects attempted to foster the formation of friendly, sane, and sociable personalities, who would avoid conflict and other kinds of anti-social behavior.

Thus, the micropractices of private life, especially child rearing and familial and marital practices, were targeted by a sociopolitical scheme oriented toward the reconstruction and pacification of social life. The book examines in depth the foundation programs and the deliberations of officers and trustees as they designed and implemented these programs. Special attention is payed to the role of Lawrence K. Frank in the creation and direction of the foundation programs.