This is the first textbook dedicated to explaining how artificial intelligence (AI) techniques can be used in and for games. After introductory chapters that explain the background and key techniques in AI and games, the authors explain how to use AI to play games, to generate content for games and to model players. The book will be suitable for undergraduate and graduate courses in games, artificial intelligence, design, human-computer interaction, and computational intelligence, and also for self-study by industrial game developers and practitioners. The authors have developed a website (http://www.gameaibook.org) that complements the material covered in the book with up-to-date exercises, lecture slides and reading.

The Cambridge Workshops on Universal Access and Assistive Technology (CWUAAT) is one of the few gatherings where people interested in inclusive design, across different fields, including designers, computer scientists, engineers, architects, ergonomists, ethnographers, policymakers and user communities, meet, discuss, and collaborate. CWUAAT has also become an international workshop, representing diverse cultures including Portugal, Germany, Trinidad and Tobago, Canada, Australia, China, Norway, USA, Belgium, UK, and many more. The workshop has five main themes based on barriers identified in the developing field of design for inclusion: I Breaking Down Barriers between Disciplines II Breaking Down Barriers between Users, Designers and Developers III Removing Barriers to Usability, Accessibility and Inclusive Design IV Breaking Down Barriers between People with Impairments and Those without V Breaking Down Barriers between Research and Policy-making In the context of developing demographic changes leading to greater numbers of older people and people living with impairments, the general field of inclusive design research strives to relate the capabilities of the population to the design of products, services, and spaces. CWUAAT has always had a successful multidisciplinary focus, but if genuine transdisciplinary fields are to evolve from this, the final barriers to integrated research must be identified and characterised. Only then will benefits be realised in an inclusive society. Barriers do not arise from impairments themselves, but instead, are erected by humans, who often have not considered a greater variation in sensory, cognitive and physical user capabilities. Barriers are not only technical or architectural, but they also exist between different communities of professionals. Our continual goal with the CWUAAT workshop series is to break down barriers in technical, physical, and architectural design, as well as barriers between different professional communities.

This is the first book on brain-computer interfaces (BCI) that aims to explain how these BCI interfaces can be used for artistic goals. Devices that measure changes in brain activity in various regions of our brain are available and they make it possible to investigate how brain activity is related to experiencing and creating art. Brain activity can also be monitored in order to find out about the affective state of a performer or bystander and use this knowledge to create or adapt an interactive multi-sensorial (audio, visual, tactile) piece of art. Making use of the measured affective state is just one of the possible ways to use BCI for artistic expression. We can also stimulate brain activity. It can be evoked externally by exposing our brain to external events, whether they are visual, auditory, or tactile. Knowing about the stimuli and the effect on the brain makes it possible to translate such external stimuli to decisions and commands that help to design, implement, or adapt an artistic performance, or interactive installation. Stimulating brain activity can also be done internally. Brain activity can be voluntarily manipulated and changes can be translated into computer commands to realize an artistic vision. The chapters in this book have been written by researchers in human-computer interaction, brain-computer interaction, neuroscience, psychology and social sciences, often in cooperation with artists using BCI in their work. It is the perfect book for those seeking to learn about brain-computer interfaces used for artistic applications.

This book reports on the latest research and developments in the field of cybersecurity, particularly focusing on personal security and new methods for reducing human error and increasing cyber awareness, as well as innovative solutions for increasing the security of advanced Information Technology (IT) infrastructures. It covers a broad range of topics, including methods for human training; novel cyber-physical and process-control systems; social, economic, and behavioral aspects of cyberspace; issues concerning the cybersecurity index; security metrics for enterprises; and risk evaluation. Based on the AHFE 2019 International Conference on Human Factors in Cybersecurity, held on July 24-28, 2019, in Washington D.C., USA, the book not only presents innovative cybersecurity technologies, but also discusses emerging threats, current gaps in the available systems, and future challenges that may be successfully overcome with the help of human factors research.

Tele operation systems, in which robots are controlled remotely, are a potential solution to performing tasks in remote, small, and hazardous environments. However, there is a big disadvantage to these systems; as the direct connection between the human and the environment is lost and operators are deprived of their sense of touch. The recreation of touch feedback through haptic devices is a possible solution, however haptic devices are far from perfect and improving their design is usually a slow trial-and-error process. This book describes 7 scientific studies that try to break this slow loop by using a deductive approach. Through investigating fundamental properties of human haptic perception using psychophysical paradigms, general knowledge on haptic perception of force, position, movement and hardness was gained. The resulting information can be applied to many different haptic devices. Consequently haptic systems can be more easily designed in an intuitive, human-centered way.

The book provides readers with a comprehensive overview of the state of the art in the field of gait and balance rehabilitation. It describes technologies and devices together with the requirements and factors to be considered during their application in clinical settings. The book covers physiological and pathophysiological basis of locomotion and posture control, describes integrated approaches for the treatment of neurological diseases and spinal cord injury, as well as important principles for designing appropriate clinical studies. It presents computer and robotic technologies currently used in rehabilitation, such as exoskeleton devices, functional electrical stimulation, virtual reality and many more, highlighting the main advantages and challenges both from the clinical and engineering perspective. Written in an easy-to-understand style, the book is intended for people with different background and expertise, including medical and engineering students, clinicians and physiotherapists, as well as technical developers of rehabilitation systems and their corresponding human-compute interfaces. It aims at fostering an increased awareness of available technologies for balance and gait rehabilitation, as well as a better communication and collaboration between their users and developers.

This book focuses on the emerging role of human factors in understanding, communicating with and engaging users. It reports on innovative approaches, highlighting visuals cues, such as new typographies, geometries and graphics for mobile and computer interfaces. The book also covers image and video processing, user-focused data compression, generative visuals, computational photography, and interactive design. Further topics include creative and empathetic design, human touch in digital graphics and experiential graphics. Based on the AHFE 2019 International Conference on Human Factors in Communication of Design, held on July 24-28, 2019, in Washington D.C., USA, this book reports on new findings, best-practices and case studies, providing readers with a fresh perspective and novel insights into the applications of human factors for enhancing the communication of design to users.

This book presents a collection of research findings and proposals on computer science and computer engineering, introducing readers to essential concepts, theories, and applications. It also shares perspectives on how cutting-edge and established methodologies and techniques can be used to obtain new and interesting results. Each chapter focuses on a specific aspect of computer science or computer engineering, such as: software engineering, complex systems, computational intelligence, embedded systems, and systems engineering. As such, the book will bring students and professionals alike up to date on key advances in these areas.

This two-volume set LNCS 11592 and 11593 constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Human Aspects of IT for the Aged Population, ITAP 2019, held in July 2019 as part of HCI International 2019 in Orlando, FL, USA. HCII 2019 received a total of 5029 submissions, of which 1275 papers and 209 posters were accepted for publication after a careful reviewing process. The 86 papers presented in these two volumes are organized in topical sections named: Design with and for the Elderly, Aging and Technology Acceptance, Aging and the User Experience, Elderly-Specific Web Design, Aging and Social Media, Games and Exergames for the Elderly, Ambient Assisted Living, Aging, Motion, Cognition, Emotion and Learning.

This book discusses the latest advances in research and development, design, operation and analysis of transportation systems and their complementary infrastructures. It reports on both theories and case studies on road and rail, aviation and maritime transportation. Further, it covers a wealth of topics, from accident analysis, vehicle intelligent control, and human-error and safety issues to next-generation transportation systems, model-based design methods, simulation and training techniques, and many more. A special emphasis is placed on smart technologies and automation in transport, and on the user-centered, ergonomic and sustainable design of transport systems. The book, which is based on the AHFE 2019 International Conference on Human Factors in Transportation, held on July 24-28, 2019, in Washington D.C., USA, mainly addresses the needs of transportation system designers, industrial designers, human-computer interaction researchers, civil and control engineers, as well as vehicle system engineers. Moreover, it represents a timely source of information for transportation policy-makers and social scientists whose work involves traffic safety, management, and sustainability issues in transport.

The safety case (SC) is one of the railway industry's most important deliverables for creating confidence in their systems. This is the first book on how to write an SC, based on the standard EN 50129:2003. Experience has shown that preparing and understanding an SC is difficult and time consuming, and as such the book provides insights that enhance the training for writing an SC. The book discusses both "regular" safety cases and agile safety cases, which avoid too much documentation, improve communication between the stakeholders, allow quicker approval of the system, and which are important in the light of rapidly changing technology. In addition, it discusses the necessity of frequently updating software due to market requirements, changes in requirements and increased cyber-security threats. After a general introduction to SCs and agile thinking in chapter 1, chapter 2 describes the majority of the roles that are relevant when developing railway-signaling systems. Next, chapter 3 provides information related to the assessment of signaling systems, to certifications based on IEC 61508 and to the authorization of signaling systems. Chapter 4 then explains how an agile safety plan satisfying the requirements given in EN 50126-1:1999 can be developed, while chapter 5 provides a brief introduction to safety case patterns and notations. Lastly, chapter 6 combines all this and describes how an (agile) SC can be developed and what it should include. To ensure that infrastructure managers, suppliers, consultants and others can take full advantage of the agile mind-set, the book includes concrete examples and presents relevant agile practices. Although the scope of the book is limited to signaling systems, the basic foundations for (agile) SCs are clearly described so that they can also be applied in other cases.

This book is the second volume reflecting the shift in the design paradigm in automobile industry. It presents contributions to the second and third workshop on Automotive Systems Engineering held in March 2013 and Sept. 2014, respectively. It describes major innovations in the field of driver assistance systems and automated vehicles as well as fundamental changes in the architecture of the vehicles.

This two-volume set LNCS 11578 and 11579 constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Social Computing and Social Media, SCSM 2019, held in July 2019 as part of HCI International 2019 in Orlando, FL, USA. HCII 2019 received a total of 5029 submissions, of which 1275 papers and 209 posters were accepted for publication after a careful reviewing process. The 81 papers presented in these two volumes are organized in topical sections named: Social Media Design and Development, Human Behaviour in Social Media, Social Network Analysis, Community Engagement and Social Participation, Computer Mediated Communication, Healthcare Communities, Social Media in Education, Digital Marketing and Consumer Experience.

This book discusses the latest advances in affective and pleasurable design. It reports on important theoretical and practical issues, covering a wealth of topics including aesthetics in product and system design, design-driven innovation, affective computing, evaluation tools for emotion, Kansei engineering for products and services, and many more. Based on papers presented at the AHFE 2019 International Conference on Affective and Pleasurable Design, held on July 24-28, 2019, in Washington DC, USA, the book provides an inspiring guide for all researchers and professionals in the field of design, e.g. industrial designers, emotion designers, ethnographers, human-computer interaction researchers, human factors engineers, interaction designers, mobile product designers, and vehicle system designers.

This book explores the subject of artificial psychology and how the field must adapt human neuro-psychological testing techniques to provide adequate cognitive testing of advanced artificial intelligence systems. It shows how classical testing methods will reveal nothing about the cognitive nature of the systems and whether they are learning, reasoning, and evolving correctly; for these systems, the authors outline how testing techniques similar to/adapted from human psychological testing must be adopted, particularly in understanding how the system reacts to failure or relearning something it has learned incorrectly or inferred incorrectly. The authors provide insights into future architectures/capabilities that artificial cognitive systems will possess and how we can evaluate how well they are functioning. It discusses at length the notion of human/AI communication and collaboration and explores such topics as knowledge development, knowledge modeling and ambiguity management, artificial cognition and self-evolution of learning, artificial brain components and cognitive architecture, and artificial psychological modeling. Explores the concepts of Artificial Psychology and Artificial Neuroscience as applied to advanced artificially cognitive systems; Provides insight into the world of cognitive architectures and biologically-based computing designs which will mimic human brain functionality in artificial intelligent systems of the future; Provides description and design of artificial psychological modeling to provide insight into how advanced artificial intelligent systems are learning and evolving; Explores artificial reasoning and inference architectures and the types of modeling and testing that will be required to "trust" an autonomous artificial intelligent systems.

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Distributed, Ambient and Pervasive Interactions, DAPI 2019, held as part of the 21st International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction, HCII 2019, in Orlando, Florida, USA, in July 2019. A total of 1274 papers and 209 posters have been accepted for publication in the HCII 2019 proceedings from a total of 5029 submissions. The 36 papers included in this volume were organized in topical sections on IoT and big data; smart cities and built environments; perception and emotion in DAPI; and DAPI for health and learning.

This book reports on cutting-edge research into innovative system interfaces, highlighting both lifecycle development and human-technology interaction, especially in virtual, augmented and mixed-reality systems. It describes advanced methodologies and tools for evaluating and improving interface usability and discusses new models, as well as case studies and good practices. The book addresses the human, hardware, and software factors in the process of developing interfaces for optimizing total system performance, while minimizing their costs. It also highlights the forces currently shaping the nature of computing and systems, such as: the importance of portability and technologies for reducing power requirements; the necessity of a better assimilation of computation in the environment; as well as solutions to promote accessibility to computers and systems for people with special needs. The book, which is based on the AHFE 2019 International Conference on Human Factors and Systems Interaction, held on July 24-28, 2019, in Washington D.C., USA, offers a timely survey and practice-oriented guide for systems interface users and developers alike.

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Blended Learning, ICBL 2019, held in Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic, in July 2019. The 28 papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 80 submissions. The papers are organized in topical sections named: personalized and adaptive learning; content development for blended learning; experience in blended learning; analytics and evaluation for blended learning; open educational resources; and pedagogical and psychological issues.

This book focuses on the importance of human factors in optimizing the learning and training process. It reports on the latest research and best practices and discusses key principles of behavioral and cognitive science, which are extremely relevant to the design of instructional content and new technologies to support mobile and multimedia learning, virtual training and web-based learning, among others, as well as performance measurements, social and adaptive learning and many other types of educational technologies, with a special emphasis on those important in the corporate, higher education, and military training contexts. Based on the AHFE 2019 Conference on Human Factors in Training, Education, and Learning Sciences, held on July 24-28, 2019, in Washington D.C., USA, the book offers a timely perspective on the role of human factors in education. It highlights important new ideas and will fosters new discussions on how to optimally design learning experiences.

This book contains the refereed proceedings of the 14th International Symposium on Mathematical Morphology, ISMM 2019, held in Saarbrucken, Germany, in July 2019. The 40 revised full papers presented together with one invited talk were carefully reviewed and selected from 54 submissions. The papers are organized in topical sections on Theory, Discrete Topology and Tomography, Trees and Hierarchies, Multivariate Morphology, Computational Morphology, Machine Learning, Segmentation, Applications in Engineering, and Applications in (Bio)medical Imaging.

This book brings together studies broadly addressing human error from different disciplines and perspectives. It discusses topics such as human performance; human variability and reliability analysis; medical, driver and pilot error, as well as automation error; root cause analyses; and the cognitive modeling of human error. In addition, it highlights cutting-edge applications in safety management, defense, security, transportation, process controls, and medicine, as well as more traditional fields of application. Based on the AHFE 2019 International Conference on Human Error, Reliability, Resilience, and Performance, held on July 24-28, 2019, Washington D.C., USA, the book includes experimental papers, original reviews, and reports on case studies, as well as meta-analyses, technical guidelines, best practice and methodological papers. It offers a timely reference guide for researchers and practitioners dealing with human error in a diverse range of fields.

What can a WWII-era tank teach us about design? What does a small, blue flower tell us about audiences? What do drunk, French marathon-runners show us about software? In 40+ chapters and stories, you will learn the ways in which UX has influenced history and vice versa, and how it continues to change our daily lives. This book enables you to participate fully in discussions about UX, as you discover the fundamentals of user experience design and research. Rather than grasp concepts through a barrage of facts and figures, you will learn through stories. Poisonous blowfish, Russian playwrights, tiny angels, Texas sharpshooters, and wilderness wildfires all make an appearance. From Chinese rail workers to UFOs, you will cover a lot of territory, because the experiences that surround you are as broad and varied as every age, culture, and occupation. You will start by covering the principles of UX before going into more diverse topics, including: being human, the art of persuasion, and the murky waters of process. Every day, people gather around conference tables, jump onto phone calls, draw on whiteboards, stare at computer monitors, and try to build things - we all create. Increasingly, what we create is something digital. From apps to web sites, and from emails to video games, often the sole evidence of an experience appears on an illuminated screen. We design tiny worlds that thrive or perish at the whim of a device's on/off button. With this book you will be ready. What You'll Learn Master the fundamentals of UX Acquire the skills to participate intelligently in discussions about UX design and research Understand how UX impacts business, including product, pricing, placement, and promotion as well as security, speed, and privacy Who This Book Is For Professionals who work alongside UX designers and researchers, including but not limited to: project managers, graphic designers, copyeditors, developers, and human resource professionals; and business, marketing, and computer science students seeking to understand how UX affects human cognition and memory, product pricing and promotion, and software security and privacy.

This book constitutes the refereed post-workshop proceedings of the 5th IAPR TC9 Workshop on Pattern Recognition of Social Signals in Human-Computer-Interaction, MPRSS 2018, held in Beijing, China, in August 2018. The 10 revised papers presented in this book focus on pattern recognition, machine learning and information fusion methods with applications in social signal processing, including multimodal emotion recognition and pain intensity estimation, especially the question how to distinguish between human emotions from pain or stress induced by pain is discussed.

This book provides the first comprehensive introduction to the newly-emerging science of mobile phone behavior. It presents the unexpected complexity of human mobile phone behavior through four basic aspects of mobile phone usage (users, technologies, activities, and effects), and then explores four major domains of such behavior (medicine, business, education, and everyday life). Chapters open with thoughts on mobile phone usage and behavior from interviews with cell phone users, then present a series of scientific studies, synthesized knowledge, and real-life cases, concluding with complex but highly readable analyses of each aspect of mobile phone behavior. Readers should achieve two intellectual goals: gaining a usable knowledge of the complexity of mobile phone behaviour, and developing the skills to analyze the complexity of mobile phone usage - and further technological behaviors.

This authored volume presents the fundamentals of NeuroIS, which is an emerging subfield within the Information Systems discipline that makes use of neuroscience and neurophysiological tools and knowledge to better understand the development, use, and impact of information and communication technologies. This book is an initial guide to this new research domain. The target audience primarily comprises PhD students and researchers, but the book may also be beneficial for graduate students and practitioners.