During the decades between the Civil War and the establishment of Oklahoma statehood, Choctaws suffered almost daily from murders, thefts, and assaults--usually at the hands of white intruders, but increasingly by Choctaws themselves. This book focuses on two previously unexplored murder cases to illustrate the intense factionalism that emerged among tribal members during those lawless years as conservative Nationalists and pro-assimilation Progressives fought for control of the Choctaw Nation.

Devon Abbott Mihesuah describes the brutal murder in 1884 of her own great-great-grandfather, Nationalist Charles Wilson, who was a Choctaw lighthorseman and U.S. deputy marshal. She then relates the killing spree of Progressives by Nationalist Silan Lewis ten years later. Mihesuah draws on a wide array of sources--even in the face of missing court records--to weave a spellbinding account of homicide and political intrigue. She painstakingly delineates a transformative period in Choctaw history to explore emerging gulfs between Choctaw citizens and address growing Indian resistance to white intrusions, federal policies, and the taking of tribal resources.

The first book to fully describe this Choctaw factionalism, " Choctaw Crime and Punishment" is both a riveting narrative and an important analysis of tribal politics.

As a young Anglo woman running in fear for her safety and that of her two young children, Juddie Cline-Lindley was guided to the Navajo Reservation. It was there in a windswept, desolate location, that she learned the true meaning of the love of a people. Two cultures crossed and became as one, with the patient teaching of the Navajo who believe in dreams and occurrences where many Anglos care not to tread. It has been said that she is a woman of many facets. One is a tender loving side that is known to children and the elderly. Then there is that of a cop; a fiercely independent survivor, keeping watch over the safety of others. Yet another facet is when she speaks in short, matter-of-fact sentences like the Navajo, the people of her heart and soul. Words can never express the kindred spirit she feels when she is with her family, the Navajo. The warmth that welcomes her like a Pendleton blanket when she retreats to the Rez to renew her inner spirit, sharing smiles and laughter with family, fry bread and ceremonies; children running, horses and sheep. The Rez is her home, the centerpiece of her life.

For the first time, American Indian leadership theory is connected with practice. Featuring 24 perspectives, this book provides the most comprehensive look at contemporary American Indian leadership ever published. This book is written primarily for those young leaders who are beginning careers where they work with Indian tribes and organizations. Each of the stories found in the book represent significant challenges and barriers, along with the reflections of having lived these experiences to become a stronger leader. This book can help younger leaders avoid the mistakes of the past and will help them develop the skills that will sustain them. The book is organized around four styles of leadership found in American Indian society. It presents a graphic model of leadership style and then provides examples of each specific type of leadership through stories from recognized leaders in various professions. Because one precept of tribal communities is that elders are responsible for teaching the next generation, the stories are presented in a narrative style. The stories themselves reflect comprehensive assessments of historical pivot points for tribal sovereignty in this country. Provides tribal perspectives offered by 24 American Indian authors ranging over the last 75 years Stands as the most comprehensive book on contemporary leadership style for indigenous people Offers a unique resource for American Indian youth by delineating leadership through experience

This book examines race relations in Australia through various media representations over the past 200 years. The early colonial press perpetuated the image of aboriginal people as framed by early explorers, and stereotypes and assumptions still prevail. Print and television news accounts of several key events in recent Australian history are compared and reveal how indigenous sources are excluded from stories about their affairs. Journalists wield extraordinary power in shaping the images of cultures and people, so indigenous people, like those in North America, have turned away from mainstream media and have acquired their own means of cultural production through radio, television, and multimedia. This study concludes with suggestions for addressing media practices to reconcile indigenous and non-indigenous people.

This study will appeal to students and scholars studying mass media, particularly journalism and public relations, Australian history, and sociology.

This authoritative volume puts the schooling of Native American children in the broader context of the country's educational agenda and demonstrates how Native American learning continues to be a challenge to minority education in the United States. This fascinating overview provides a comprehensive introduction to the education of Native Americans in the United States. Historically, schools were seen as essential to formal education but also as the custodians of community values, a way to socialize Native Americans into the European way of life. Native American Education: A Reference Handbook describes the role played by various churches and missionaries and their different approaches to education against a backdrop of mostly unfamiliar social and legal history. For example, most Americans probably do not know that Indians helped write the Constitution and that an Indian served as vice president of the United States. Author Lorraine Hale provides strategies for preserving Indian culture within the framework of modern American education. Presents a historical background on the evolution of Native American education from the advancing colonization of North America beginning in the 1700s to the increasing government involvement in running Native American schools through the 1900s Includes coverage from the efforts of the Jesuits beginning in 1492 to teach Native Americans in Spanish and convert them to Catholicism to the publication in 1991 of Indian Nations at Risk by the Department of Education

In the sixteenth century Franciscan, Dominican, and Augustinian missionaries attempted to convert the native populations of central Mexico. The native peoples generally viewed the new religion in terms very different from that of the missionaries. As conflict broke out after 1550 as Spaniards invaded the Chichimeca frontier (the frontier between sedentary and nomadic natives), the missionaries faced new challenges on both sides of the frontier. Some sedentary natives resisted evangelization, and the missionaries saw themselves in a war against Satan and his minions. The Augustinians assumed a pivotal role in the evangelization campaign on both sides of the Chichimeca frontier, and employed different methods in the effort to convince the natives to embrace the new faith and to defeat Satan's designs. They used graphic visual aids and the threat of an eternity of suffering in hell to bring recalcitrant natives, such as the Otomi of the Mezquital Valley, into the fold.

Shamanism is part of the spiritual life of nearly all Native North Americans. This bibliography gives the reader access to a wealth of information on shamanism from the Bering Strait to the Mexican border and from Maine to Florida. It includes articles and books focusing on the spiritual connections of Native Americans to the world through shamans. The books covered compare practices from tribe to tribe, make distinctions between witchcraft or sorcery and shamanism, and discuss the artifacts and tools of the trade. Many are well illustrated, including collections from the nineteenth century.

The relationship between American Indians and the U.S. political system is both vitally important and unique. Yet American Indians--as individuals and as tribal nations--typically receive scant attention in introductory courses on American government and politics. This is the only reader on Native America and U.S. politics designed to be incorporated into introductory government courses. It will help students to obtain a clearer understanding of such contemporary issues as Indian fishing rights and gaming casinos and to see topics central to the course--the Constitution, the structure of federalism, citizenship, and civil liberties--from the perspective of groups that have often sought a protected place outside the U.S. polity rather than inclusion within. Enabling students to compare the American Indian experience with the ideas presented in other course materials, the readings in this book are keyed to the topics most commonly found in the course syllabi. Selected for their insight and accessibility as well as diversity of viewpoints and topics, the essays provide a unique insight into the character of the American political system from the perspective of American Indians, teaching the reader much about both the tribes and the character of politics and government in the U.S. generally.

What do we know of masculinities in non-patriarchal societies? Indigenous peoples of the Americas and beyond come from traditions of gender equity, complementarity, and the sacred feminine, concepts that were unimaginable and shocking to Euro-western peoples at contact. Indigenous Men and Masculinities, edited by Kim Anderson and Robert Alexander Innes, brings together prominent thinkers to explore the meaning of masculinities and being a man within such traditions, further examining the colonial disruption and imposition of patriarchy on Indigenous men. Building on Indigenous knowledge systems, Indigenous feminism, and queer theory, the sixteen essays by scholars and activists from Canada, the U.S., and New Zealand open pathways for the nascent field of Indigenous masculinities. The authors explore subjects of representation through art and literature, as well as Indigenous masculinities in sport, prisons, and gangs. Indigenous Men and Masculinities highlights voices of Indigenous male writers, traditional knowledge keepers, ex-gang members, war veterans, fathers, youth, two-spirited people, and Indigenous men working to end violence against women. It offers a refreshing vision toward equitable societies that celebrate healthy and diverse masculinities.

From the origins of the city in the mid-nineteenth century to the beginning of World War II, Seattle's urban workforce consisted overwhelmingly of migrant laborers who powered the seasonal, extractive economy of the Pacific Northwest. Though the city benefitted from this mobile labor force-consisting largely of Indigenous peoples and Asian migrants-municipal authorities, elites, and reformers continually depicted these workers and the spaces they inhabited as troublesome and as impediments to urban progress. Today the physical landscape bears little evidence of their historical presence in the city. Tracing histories from unheralded sites such as labor camps, lumber towns, lodging houses, and so-called slums, Seattle from the Margins shows how migrant laborers worked alongside each other, competed over jobs, and forged unexpected alliances within the marine and coastal spaces of the Puget Sound. By uncovering the historical presence of marginalized groups and asserting their significance in the development of the city, Megan Asaka offers a deeper understanding of Seattle's complex past.

The Ojibwe of Anishinaabe are a native American people who were taught by 19th-century missionaries to sing evangelical hymns translated into the native language both as a means of worship and as a

tool for eradicating the "indianness" of the native people. Rather than Americanizing the people, however, these songs have become emblematic of Anishinaabe identity. In this book, Michael McNally

uses the Ojiwbe's hymn-singing as a lens to examine how this native American people has creatively drawn on the resources of ritual to negotiate identity and survival within the structures of

colonialism. Drawing on both archival research and fieldwork, he traces the historical development of ritualized singing and how this distinctive practice has come into play at various moments in

Ojiwbe history. This important study re-examines the contested nature of "tradition," arguing that despite its origins hymn-singing has now become "traditional" through the agency of today's elders,

who have asserted their role as cultural critics on the reservation through their singing.

Although coverage of American Indian history has improved remarkably in the past 20 years, the role of American Indians is still downplayed in many mainstream American history courses. In-depth discussions of United States policies toward Native Americans or the reactions of Native Americans do not appear in most textbooks. This book helps to overcome these shortcomings. Designed to accompany post-Reconstruction survey courses, it will help to integrate aspects of American Indian history. Arranged according to time periods used in most textbooks, the book's seventeen essays--many written by leading scholars, several written by American Indian scholars--discuss important policy considerations as well as environmental, religious, cultural, and gender issues. Providing a good point of departure, these essays can be used in tandem with other materials to stimulate class discussion. While every aspect of American history could not be covered, each section includes an extensive list of suggested additional reading. The volume is unique in that it is the only companion reader designed to accompany college courses covering this time period. It is a book to be used by instructors who are not necessarily Native Americanists but who wish to include the history of American Indians in their survey courses.

The work and ministries of the Roman Catholic friars who gave their lives, both as martyrs for the cause of their church and in years of hard and often thankless labor, are the inspiration and basis for "Missionary Practices and Spanish Steel," a theological and practical narrative that seeks to remember and understand their accomplishments in Christian mission.

Missionary and theologian Andrew L. Toth investigates the roots of Christian mission as it developed into the field of Christian missiology in the chaotic, terrible, and incredibly diverse three-hundred-year Spanish conquest of North America indigenous nations. Through his research Toth shows that, in the great majority of the cases studied, the friars accomplished their goals to transform these native cultures into their own Spanish culture to account them as Roman Catholic Christians.

This study us more than just a history of the friars' missionary movement. Toth not only explores how Spanish Catholic missionaries approached their work, but also asks to what extent their approach conformed to a particular theological perspective. Toth rounds out his argument by speculating on what the friars can teach us about the role of missionaries today.

Comprehensive and thought-provoking, "Missionary Practices and Spanish Steel" offers a new perspective on the current missionary movement by looking through the lens of the past.

The practice of ceremony offers ways to build relationships between the land and its beings, reflecting change while drawing upon deep relationships going back millennia. Ceremony may involve intricate and spectacular regalia but may also involve simple tools, such as a plastic bucket for harvesting huckleberries or a river rock that holds heat for sweat. The Art of Ceremony provides a contemporary and historical overview of the nine federally recognized tribes in Oregon, through rich conversations with tribal representatives who convey their commitments to ceremonial practices and the inseparable need to renew language, art, ecological systems, kinship relations, and political and legal sovereignty. Vivid photographs illuminate the ties between land and people at the heart of such practice, and each chapter features specific ceremonies chosen by tribal co-collaborators, such as the Siletz Nee Dosh (Feather Dance), the huckleberry gathering of the Cow Creek Umpqua, and the Klamath Return of C'waam (sucker fish) Ceremony. Part of a larger global story of Indigenous rights and cultural resurgence in the twenty-first century, The Art of Ceremony celebrates the power of Indigenous renewal, sustainable connection to the land, and the ethics of responsibility and reciprocity between the earth and all its inhabitants.

At the beginning of the eighteenth century, over twenty different American Indian tribal groups inhabited present-day Mississippi. Today, Mississippi is home to only one tribe, the Mississippi Band of Choctaw Indians. In Mississippi's American Indians, author James F. Barnett Jr. explores the historical forces and processes that led to this sweeping change in the diversity of the state's native peoples. The book begins with a chapter on Mississippi's approximately 12,000-year prehistory, from early hunter-gatherer societies through the powerful mound building civilizations encountered by the first European expeditions. With the coming of the Spanish, French, and English to the New World, native societies in the Mississippi region connected with the Atlantic market economy, a source for guns, blankets, and many other trade items. Europeans offered these trade materials in exchange for Indian slaves and deerskins, currencies that radically altered the relationships between tribal groups. Smallpox and other diseases followed along the trading paths. Colonial competition between the French and English helped to spark the Natchez rebellion, the Chickasaw-French wars, the Choctaw civil war, and a half-century of client warfare between the Choctaws and Chickasaws. The Treaty of Paris in 1763 forced Mississippi's pro-French tribes to move west of the Mississippi River. The Diaspora included the Tunicas, Houmas, Pascagoulas, Biloxis, and a portion of the Choctaw confederacy. In the early nineteenth century, Mississippi's remaining Choctaws and Chickasaws faced a series of treaties with the United States government that ended in destitution and removal. Despite the intense pressures of European invasion, the Mississippi tribes survived by adapting and contributing to their rapidly evolving world.

More than 50,000 Indians lived in the area now known as North Carolina at the time of Christopher Columbus's arrival in the New World. The Formation North Carolina Coastal and Eastern Counties examines the history of this Native American Indian population. It also focuses upon the formation of North Carolina from colonial times; tracing the origins of its earliest settlers, including Native Americans. By the middle of the nineteenth century, the number of American Indians on official census rolls had been reduced drastically, possibly due to the threat of removal of people identified as Indians. Still, the Indian population thrived in spite of governmental attempts to remove them. Author Milton E. Campbell offers extensive documentation of the survival of Native American Indians and their culture into the twenty-first century in North Carolina. The first three chapters of the book lay the foundation for chapters discussing individual Native American Tribes within North Carolina. Also included is an overview of the surnames that were identified as Indian names in the 1900 Census of Robeson County. The conclusion includes three short personal interviews on Native American ancestry in North Carolina Coastal and Eastern Counties. Explore the intriguing and fascinating history of eastern North Carolina with this detailed, engaging study.