Advances in Imaging and Electron Physics, Volume 224 highlights new advances in the field, with this new volume presenting interesting chapters on Measuring elastic deformation and orientation gradients by scanning electron microscopy - conventional, new and emerging methods, Development of an alternative global method with high angular resolution, Implementing the new global method, Numerical validation of the method and influence of optical distortions, and Applications of the method.

The Mechanics of Hydrogels: Mechanical Properties, Testing, and Applications offers readers a systematic description of the mechanical properties and characterizations of hydrogels. Practical topics such as manufacturing hydrogels with controlled mechanical properties and the mechanical testing of hydrogels are covered at length, as are areas such as inelastic and nonlinear deformation, rheological characterization, fracture and indentation testing, mechanical properties of cellularly responsive hydrogels, and more. Proper instrumentation and modeling techniques for measuring the mechanical properties of hydrogels are also explored.

Since delays are present in 99% of industrial processes, Control Strategy for Time-delay Systems covers all the important features of real-world practical applications which will be valuable to practicing engineers and specialists The book presents the views of the editors on promising research directions and future industrial applications in this area. Although the fundamentals of time-delay systems are discussed, the book focuses on the advanced modelling and control of such systems and will provide the analysis and test (or simulation) results of nearly every technique described in the book For this purpose, highly complex models are introduced to describe the mentioned new applications which are characterized by time-varying delays with intermittent and stochastic nature, several types of nonlinearities, and the presence of different time-scales. Researchers, practitioners and PhD students will gain insights into the prevailing trends in design and operation of real-time control systems, reviewing the shortcomings and future developments concerning the practical system issues such as standardization, protection and design.

Fretting Wear and Fretting Fatigue: Fundamental Principles and Applications takes a combined mechanics and materials approach, providing readers with a fundamental understanding of fretting phenomena, related modeling and experimentation techniques, methods for mitigation, and robust examples of practical applications across an array of engineering disciplines. Sections cover the underpinning theories of fretting wear and fretting fatigue, delve into experimentation and modeling methods, and cover a broad array of applications of fretting fatigue and fretting wear, looking at its impacts in medical implants, suspension ropes, bearings, heating exchangers, electrical connectors, and more.

Welding Deformation and Residual Stress Prevention, Second Edition provides readers with both fundamental theoretical knowledge about welding deformation and stress as well as unique computational approaches for predicting and mitigating the effects of deformation and residual stress on materials. This second edition has been updated to include new techniques and applications, outlining advanced finite element methods such as implicit scheme, explicit scheme, and hybrid scheme, and coupling analysis among thermal-metallurgy-mechanics. Non-destructive measurement methods for residual stresses are introduced, such as X-ray diffraction, the indentation technique, the neutron diffraction method, and various synchrotron X-ray diffraction techniques. Destructive measurement techniques are covered as well, such as block cutting for releasing residual stress, blind hole drilling, deep hole drilling, the slit cutting method, sectional contour method, and general inherent strain method. Various industrial applications of the material behavior and computational approaches are featured throughout.

The Beginnings of Electron Microscopy - Part 2, Volume 221 in the Advances in Imaging and Electron Physics series, highlights new advances in the field, with this new volume presenting interesting chapters on Recollections from the Early Years: Canada-USA, My Recollection of the Early History of Our Work on Electron Optics and the Electron Microscope, Walter Hoppe (1917-1986), Reminiscences of the Development of Electron Optics and Electron Microscope Instrumentation in Japan, Early Electron Microscopy in The Netherlands, L. L. Marton, 1901-1979, The Invention of the Electron Fresnel Interference Biprism, The Development of the Scanning Electron Microscope, and much more.

Handbook of Rheological Additives covers how these additives are commonly applied in a wide range of industries, providing readers with information on over 300 organic and inorganic additives. This information is presented in individual tables for each product, whether commercial or generic. Data is divided into General Information, Physical Properties, Health and Safety, Ecological Properties, Use and Performance. Sections cover their state, odor, color, bulk density, density, specific gravity, relative density, boiling point, melting point, pour point, decomposition temperature, glass transition temperature, refractive index, vapor pressure, vapor density, volume resistivity, relative permittivity, ash content, pH, viscosity, rheological behavior, and more. Other notations include updates on NFPA classification, HMIS classification, OSHA hazard class, UN Risk phrases, UN Safety phrases, UN/NA class, DOT class, ADR/RIC class, ICAO/IATA class, IMDG class, packaging group, shipping name, food approvals, autoignition temperature, self-accelerating decomposition temperature, flash point, TLV ACGIH, NIOSH and OSHA, maximum exposure concentration IDLH, animal testing oral-rat, rabbit-dermal, mouse-oral, guinea pig-dermal, rat-dermal, rat-inhalation, mouse-inhalation, ingestion and skin and eye irritation.

Microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) device applications are common in many areas. Micromirror arrays are used as video projectors; microsensors find their application for measuring acceleration, temperature, and pressure; and they can also be used in the medical field for measuring blood pressure. Microfluidics have also been widely employed in life sciences applications, such as drug development and administration, point-of-care devices, and more. To use these technologies to their fullest extent, further research is needed. Advances in MEMS and Microfluidic Systems explores the emerging research and advances in MEMS devices and microfluidic systems applications. It features in-depth chapters on microfluidic device design and fabrication as well as on the aspects of devices/systems, characterization, and comparative research findings. Covering topics such as biosensors, lab-on-a-chip, and microfluidic technology, this premier reference source is an indispensable resource for engineers, health professionals, students and educators of higher education, librarians, researchers, and academicians.

Applied Mechanics of Polymers: Properties, Processing, and Behavior provides readers with an overview of the properties, mechanical behaviors and modeling techniques for accurately predicting the behaviors of polymeric materials. The book starts with an introduction to polymers, covering their history, chemistry, physics, and various types and applications. In addition, it covers the general properties of polymers and the common processing and manufacturing processes involved with them. Subsequent chapters delve into specific mechanical behaviors of polymers such as linear elasticity, hyperelasticity, creep, viscoelasticity, failure, and fracture. The book concludes with chapters discussing electroactive polymers, hydrogels, and the mechanical characterization of polymers. This is a useful reference text that will benefit graduate students, postdocs, researchers, and engineers in the mechanics of materials, polymer science, mechanical engineering and material science. Additional resources related to the book can be found at polymersmechanics.com.

Thermofluids: From Nature to Engineering presents the fundamentals of thermofluids in an accessible and student-friendly way. Author David Ting applies his 23 years of teaching to this practical reference which works to clarify phenomena, concepts and processes via nature-inspired examples, giving the readers a well-rounded understanding of the topic. It introduces the fundamentals of thermodynamics, heat transfer and fluid mechanics which underpin most engineering systems, providing the reader with a solid basis to transfer and apply to other engineering disciplines. With a strong focus on ecology and sustainability, this book will benefit students in various engineering disciplines including thermal energy, mechanical and chemical, and will also appeal to those coming to the topic from another discipline.

Feedback Control for Personalized Medicine provides ideas on ongoing efforts and obstacles by members of the control engineering community in different biological and medical applications. In addition, the book presents key challenges, insights, tools and theoretical developments that arise from personalized medicine, along with medical concepts that are explained by engineers to help non-experts follow research topics. Several clinical trials have tried to find therapeutic approaches to achieve eradication or at least lifelong, therapy-free, host control of the infection. This has been performed integrating clinical observations, empirical knowledge and information from medical tests to treat patients. As this "trial and error" approach is becoming more challenging and unfeasible by the steep increase in the number of different pieces of information and the complexity of large datasets, a systematic and tractable approach that integrates a variety of biological and medical research data into mathematical models and computational algorithms is crucial to harness knowledge and to develop new therapies towards personalized medicine.

This new edition draws upon the fundamentals of abrasive machining processes and the science of tribology to understand, predict, and improve abrasive machining processes. Each of the main elements of the abrasive machining system is looked at alongside the tribological factors that control the efficiency and quality of the processes described. The new edition has been updated to include a variety of industrial applications. Grinding and conditioning of grinding tools are dealt with in particular detail, and solutions are proposed for many of the most commonly experienced industrial problems, such as poor accuracy, poor surface quality, rapid tool wear, vibrations, workpiece burn, and high process costs. The entire book has been rewritten and restructured, with ten completely new chapters. Other new features include:

Finite Element Method: Physics and Solution Methods aims to provide the reader a sound understanding of the physical systems and solution methods to enable effective use of the finite element method. This book focuses on one- and two-dimensional elasticity and heat transfer problems with detailed derivations of the governing equations. The connections between the classical variational techniques and the finite element method are carefully explained. Following the chapter addressing the classical variational methods, the finite element method is developed as a natural outcome of these methods where the governing partial differential equation is defined over a subsegment (element) of the solution domain. As well as being a guide to thorough and effective use of the finite element method, this book also functions as a reference on theory of elasticity, heat transfer, and mechanics of beams.

Scalar Damage and Healing Mechanics outlines the latest cutting-edge research in the field of scalar damage and healing mechanics, providing step-by-step insight on how to use scalar damage variables in various modeling scenarios. Additionally, the book discusses the latest advances in healing mechanics, covering the evolution of healing and damage, small damage and small healing, healing processes in series and in parallel, super healing, and the thermodynamics of damage and healing. Coupled systems, in which damage triggers self-healing as well as a decoupled system where healing occurs after damage is identified by external detection, are also discussed. Readers are additionally introduced to fundamental concepts such as effective stress, damage evolution, plane stress damage decomposition, and other damage processes that form the basis for a better understanding of the more advanced chapters.

Rolling Bearing Tribology: Tribology and Failure Modes of Rolling Element Bearings discusses these machine elements that are used to accommodate motion on or about shafts in mechanical systems, with ball bearings, cylindrical roller bearings, spherical roller bearings, and tapered roller bearings reviewed. Each bearing type experiences different kinds of motion and forces with their respective raceway, retainers and guiding flanges. The material in this book identifies the tribology of the major bearing types and how that tribology depends upon materials, surfaces and lubrication. In addition, the book describes the best practices to mitigate common failure modes of rolling element bearings.

Bioengineering is a rapidly expanding interdisciplinary field that encompasses application engineering techniques in the field of mechanical engineering, electrical, electronics and instrumentation engineering, and computer science and engineering to solve the problems of the biological world. With the advent to digital computers and rapidly developing computational techniques, computer simulations are widely used as a predictive tool to supplement the experimental techniques in engineering and technology. Computational biomechanics is a field where the movements biological systems are assessed in the light of computer algorithms describing solid and fluid mechanical principles. This book outlines recent developments in the field of computational biomechanics. It presents a series of computational techniques that are the backbone of the field that includes finite element analysis, multi-scale modelling, fluid-solid interaction, mesh-less techniques and topological optimization. It also presents a series of case studies highlighting applications of these techniques in different biological system and different case studies detailing the application of the principles described earlier and the outcomes. This book gives an overview of the current trends and future directions of research and development in the field of computational biomechanics. Overall, this book gives insight into the current trends of application of intelligent computational techniques used to analyse a multitude of phenomena the field of biomechanics. It elaborates a series of sophisticated techniques used for computer simulation in both solid mechanics, fluid mechanics and fluid-solid interface across different domain of biological world and across various dimensional scales along with relevant case studies. The book elucidates how human locomotion to bacterial swimming, blood flow to sports science, these wide range of phenomena can be analyzed using computational methods to understand their inherent mechanisms of work and predict the behavior of the system. The target audience of the book will be post-graduate students and researchers in the field of Biomedical Engineering. Also industry professionals in biomedical engineering and allied disciplines including but not limited to kinesiologists and clinicians, as well as, computer engineers and applied mathematicians working in algorithm development in biomechanics.

Tribology of Additively Manufactured Materials: Fundamentals, Modeling, and Applications starts with a look at the history, methods and mechanics of additive manufacturing (AM), focusing on power bed fusion-based and direct energy deposition-based additive manufacturing. Following sections of the book provide a foundational background in the fundamentals of tribology, covering the basics of surface engineering, friction and wear, corrosion and tribocorrosion, and the tribological considerations of a variety of AM materials, such as friction and wear in non-metallic and metallic AM materials, degradation in non-metallic AM components, and corrosion and tribocorrosion in AM components. The book then concludes with a section covering modeling and simulation scenarios and challenges related to the tribology of AM materials, providing readers with the processing conditions needed to extend and strengthen the lifetime and durability of AM materials and components.

Among the wide range of programming tools available, the technical analysis and calculations are realized by MATLAB (R), which is recognized as a convenient and effective tool for modern science and technology. Thus, mastering its latest versions and practical solutions is increasingly essential for the creation of new products in mechanics, electronics, chemistry, life sciences, and modern industry. Modern mechanical and tribology sciences specialists widely use computers and some special programs, but need a universal tool for solving, simulating, and modeling specific problems from their area. There is plenty of information available on MATLAB (R) for the general engineer, but there is a gap in the field for research that applies MATLAB (R) to two wide, interdisciplinary, and topical areas: tribology and mechanics. MATLAB (R) With Applications in Mechanics and Tribology explores how MATLAB (R) is used as a tool for subsequent computer solutions, applying it to both traditional and modern problems of mechanics and materials sciences. The problem solving in this book includes calculations of the mechanical parts, machine elements, production process, quality assurance, fluid mechanics parameters, thermodynamic and rheological properties of the materials as well as the state equations, descriptive statistics, and more. This book is ideal for scientists, students and professors of engineering courses, self-instructing readers, programmers, computer scientists, practitioners, and researchers looking for concise and clear information on learning and applying MATLAB (R) software to mechanics, tribology, and material physics.

Solid State Physics, Volume 72, the latest release in this long-running serial, highlights new advances in the field with this new volume presenting interesting and timely chapters authored by an international board of experts. Chapters in this release include Roadmap: The influence of the internal domain wall structure on spin wave band structure in periodic magnetic stripe domain patterns, The influence of the internal domain wall structure on spin wave band structure in periodic magnetic stripe domain patterns, and more.