Man-made or industrial processes, localised or geographically distributed, need be automated in order to ensure they produce quality, consistent, and cost-effective goods or services. Automation systems for these processes broadly consist of instrumentation, control, human interface, and communication subsystems. This book introduces the basics of philosophy, technology, terminology, and practices of modern automation systems with simple illustrations and examples.

Aerodynamics is a science that improves the ability to understand theoretical basics and apply fundamental physics in real-life problems. The study of the motion of air, both externally over an airplane wing and internally over a scramjet engine intake, has acknowledged the significance of studying both incompressible and compressible flow aerodynamics. Aspects and Applications of Incompressible and Compressible Aerodynamics discusses all aspects of aerodynamics from application to theory. It further presents the equations and mathematical models used to describe and characterize flow fields as well as their thermodynamic aspects and applications. Covering topics such as airplane configurations, hypersonic vehicles, and the parametric effect of roughness, this premier reference source is an essential resource for engineers, scientists, students and educators of higher education, military experts, libraries, government officials, researchers, and academicians.

This book is a description of why and how to do Scientific Computing for fundamental models of fluid flow. It contains introduction, motivation, analysis, and algorithms and is closely tied to freely available MATLAB codes that implement the methods described. The focus is on finite element approximation methods and fast iterative solution methods for the consequent linear(ized) systems arising in important problems that model incompressible fluid flow. The problems addressed are the Poisson equation, Convection-Diffusion problem, Stokes problem and Navier-Stokes problem, including new material on time-dependent problems and models of multi-physics. The corresponding iterative algebra based on preconditioned Krylov subspace and multigrid techniques is for symmetric and positive definite, nonsymmetric positive definite, symmetric indefinite and nonsymmetric indefinite matrix systems respectively. For each problem and associated solvers there is a description of how to compute together with theoretical analysis that guides the choice of approaches and describes what happens in practice in the many illustrative numerical results throughout the book (computed with the freely downloadable IFISS software). All of the numerical results should be reproducible by readers who have access to MATLAB and there is considerable scope for experimentation in the "computational laboratory " provided by the software. Developments in the field since the first edition was published have been represented in three new chapters covering optimization with PDE constraints (Chapter 5); solution of unsteady Navier-Stokes equations (Chapter 10); solution of models of buoyancy-driven flow (Chapter 11). Each chapter has many theoretical problems and practical computer exercises that involve the use of the IFISS software. This book is suitable as an introduction to iterative linear solvers or more generally as a model of Scientific Computing at an advanced undergraduate or beginning graduate level.

This is the second volume in a four-part series on fluid dynamics: Part 1. Classical Fluid Dynamics Part 2. Asymptotic Problems of Fluid Dynamics Part 3. Boundary Layers Part 4. Hydrodynamic Stability Theory The series is designed to give a comprehensive and coherent description of fluid dynamics, starting with chapters on classical theory suitable for an introductory undergraduate lecture course, and then progressing through more advanced material up to the level of modern research in the field. In Part 2 the reader is introduced to asymptotic methods, and their applications to fluid dynamics. Firstly, it discusses the mathematical aspects of the asymptotic theory. This is followed by an exposition of the results of inviscid flow theory, starting with subsonic flows past thin aerofoils. This includes unsteady flow theory and the analysis of separated flows. The authors then consider supersonic flow past a thin aerofoil, where the linear approximation leads to the Ackeret formula for the pressure. They also discuss the second order Buzemann approximation, and the flow behaviour at large distances from the aerofoil. Then the properties of transonic and hypersonic flows are examined in detail. Part 2 concludes with a discussion of viscous low-Reynolds-number flows. Two classical problems of the low-Reynolds-number flow theory are considered, the flow past a sphere and the flow past a circular cylinder. In both cases the flow analysis leads to a difficulty, known as Stokes paradox. The authors show that this paradox can be resolved using the formalism of matched asymptotic expansions.

The complete reference for engineers and designers working on pump design and development, or using centrifugal pumps in the field. This authoritative guide has been developed with access to the technical expertise of the leading centrifugal pump developer, Sulzer. In addition to providing the most comprehensive centrifugal pump theory and design reference, with detailed material on cavitation, erosion, selection of materials, rotor vibration behaviour and forces acting on pumps, the Handbook also covers key pumping applications topics and operational issues including operating performance in various types of circuitry, drives and acceptance testing.
* Enables readers to understand, specify and utilise centrifugal pumps more effectively
* A complete centrifugal pump engineering guide. The Handbook covers theory, design and operation, with an emphasis on providing a high levels of rigorous data, design detail, and industry-leading quality and efficiency solutions for high capital outlay pump plant users.
* Draws on the world-beating experience of Sulzer, the leading centrifugal pump developer, making this a particularly valuable resource
* Third edition, updated to cover the latest design and technology developments, applications, test and reliability procedures, cavitation, erosion, selection of materials, rotor vibration behaviour, operating performance in various types of circuitry, new drive technology and acceptance testing.

Externally tunable properties allow for new applications of magnetic hybrid materials containing magnetic micro- and nanoparticles in sensors and actuators in technical and medical applications. By means of easy to generate and control magnetic fields, changes of the internal particle arrangements and the macroscopic properties can be achieved. This monograph delivers the latest insights into multi-scale modelling, experimental characterization, manufacturing and application of those magnetic hybrid materials.

Topics of this book span the range from spatial and temporal discretization techniques for contact and impact problems with small and finite deformations over investigations on the reliability of micromechanical contact models over emerging techniques for rolling contact mechanics to homogenization methods and multi-scale approaches in contact problems.