Accurate, fast, and reliable fault classification techniques are an important operational requirement in modern-day power transmission systems. Application of Signal Processing Tools and Neural Network in Diagnosis of Power System Faults examines power system faults and conventional techniques of fault analysis. The authors provide insight into artificial neural networks and their applications, with illustrations, for identifying power system faults. Wavelet transform and its application are discussed as well as an elaborate method of Stockwell transform. The authors also employ probabilistic neural networks (PNN) and back propagation neural networks (BPNN) to identify the different types of faults and determine their corresponding locations, respectively. Both PNN and BPNN are presented in detail, and their applications are illustrated through simple programming in MATLAB (R). Furthermore, their applications in fault diagnosis are discussed through multiple case studies. FEATURES Explores methods of fault identification through programming and simulation in MATLAB (R) Examines signal processing tools and their applications with examples Provides knowledge of artificial neural networks and their application with illustrations Uses PNN and BPNN to identify the different types of faults and obtain their corresponding locations Discusses the programming of signal processing using wavelet transform and Stockwell transform This book is designed for engineering students and for practitioners. Readers will find methods of programming and simulation of any network in MATLAB (R) as well as ways to extract features from a signal waveform by using a suitable signal processing toolbox and by application of artificial neural networks.

Applied Soft Computing and Embedded System Applications in Solar Energy deals with energy systems and soft computing methods from a wide range of approaches and application perspectives. The authors examine how embedded system applications can deal with the smart monitoring and controlling of stand-alone and grid-connected solar photovoltaic (PV) systems for increased efficiency. Growth in the area of artificial intelligence with embedded system applications has led to a new era in computing, impacting almost all fields of science and engineering. Soft computing methods implemented to energy-related problems regularly face data-driven issues such as problems of optimization, classification, clustering, or prediction. The authors offer real-time implementation of soft computing and embedded system in the area of solar energy to address the issues with microgrid and smart grid projects (both renewable and non-renewable generations), energy management, and power regulation. They also discuss and examine alternative solutions for energy capacity assessment, energy efficiency systems design, as well as other specific smart grid energy system applications. The book is intended for students, professionals, and researchers in electrical and computer engineering fields, working on renewable energy resources, microgrids, and smart grid projects. Examines the integration of hardware with stand-alone PV panels and real-time monitoring of factors affecting the efficiency of the PV panels Offers real-time implementation of soft computing and embedded system in the area of solar energy Discusses how soft computing plays a huge role in the prediction of efficiency of stand-alone and grid-connected solar PV systems Discusses how embedded system applications with smart monitoring can control and enhance the efficiency of stand-alone and grid-connected solar PV systems Explores swarm intelligence techniques for solar PV parameter estimation Dr. Rupendra Kumar Pachauri is Assistant Professor - Selection Grade in the Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies (UPES), Dehradun, India. Dr. Jitendra Kumar Pandey is Professor & Head of R&D in the University of Petroleum and Energy Studies (UPES), Dehradun, India. Mr. Abhishek Sharma is working as a research scientist in the research and development department (UPES, India). Dr. Om Prakash Nautiyal is working as a scientist in Uttarakhand Science Education & Research Centre (USERC), Department of Information and Science Technology, Govt. of Uttarakhand, Dehradun, India. Prof. Mangey Ram is working as a Research Professor at Graphic Era Deemed to be University, Dehradun, India.

This book covers structural and foundation systems used in high-voltage transmission lines, conductors, insulators, hardware and component assembly. In most developing countries, the term "transmission structures" usually means lattice steel towers. The term actually includes a vast range of structural systems and configurations of various materials such as wood, steel, concrete and composites. This book discusses those systems along with associated topics such as structure functions and configurations, load cases for design, analysis techniques, structure and foundation modeling, design deliverables and latest advances in the field. In the foundations section, theories related to direct embedment, drilled shaf ts, spread foundations and anchors are discussed in detail. Featuring worked out design problems for students, the book is aimed at students, practicing engineers, researchers and academics. It contains beneficial information for those involved in the design and maintenance of transmission line structures and foundations. For those in academia, it will be an adequate text-book / design guide for graduate-level courses on the topic. Engineers and managers at utilities and electrical corporations will find the book a useful reference at work.

Computational Methods for Electric Power Systems introduces computational methods that form the basis of many analytical studies in power systems. The book provides the background for a number of widely used algorithms that underlie several commercial software packages, linking concepts to power system applications. By understanding the theory behind many of the algorithms, the reader can make better use of the software and make more informed decisions (e.g., choice of integration method and step size in simulation packages). This Third Edition contains new material on preconditioners for linear iterative methods, Broyden's method, and Jacobian-free Newton-Krylov methods. It includes additional problems and examples, as well as updated examples on sparse lower-upper (LU) factorization. It also adds coverage of the eigensystem realization algorithm and the double-shift method for computing complex eigenvalues.

Safety or protective grounding is of vital importance for the protection of individuals from electric shock and structures and industrial concerns from potentially damaging lightning and electrostatic discharges. To many electrical engineers the notion of grounding is nebulous and safety grounding is quite often confused with neutral grounding of the power supply. The main objective of this book is to give the reader a better understanding of safety grounding, why it is needed, where it is needed, and what are the requirements which must be met in order to have an effective grounding system. The text as a whole serves to provide the reader with the necessary background for a better appreciation of the various National and International Standards concerned with safety grounding. This book gives the reader a good understanding of the fundamentals of safety grounding. It is a practical guide that provides a comprehensive coverage of all types of grounding requirements and is intended for students and practicing electrical engineers alike. Summarizes the physiological effects of current on the human body and the effect of current duration Gives the various methods of measuring soil resistivity and measuring the resistance to ground of an electrode or grounding system Reviews different types of ground electrodes and the effect of their geometry and numbers on the resistance to ground Presents the components of a ground system, methods of improving soil resistivity, the types of welds and joints, the criteria for determining conductor cross-sections, galvanic corrosion, and a survey of the different grounding practices used at substations and the different types of grounding systems used for the protection of consumers Deals with electrostatic and lightning hazards that can cause serious damage and the measures used to protect against such damage Throughout the text frequent reference is made to various National and International Standards and their requirements as compliance with these standards is highly advised Asser A. Zaky, Ph.D., FIET, F.Inst.P., FIEEE, is Emeritus Professor of Electrical Engineering at University of Alexandria, Egypt.

Machine learning approaches has the capability to learn and adapt to the constantly evolving demands of large Internet-of-energy (IoE) network. The focus of this book is on using the machine learning approaches to present various solutions for IoE network in smart cities to solve various research gaps such as demand response management, resource management and effective utilization of the underlying ICT network. It provides in-depth knowledge to build the technical understanding for the reader to pursue various research problems in this field. Moreover, the example problems in smart cities and their solutions using machine learning are provided as relatable to the real-life scenarios. Aimed at Graduate Students, Researchers in Computer Science, Electrical Engineering, Telecommunication Engineering, Internet of Things, Machine Learning, Green computing, Smart Grid, this book: Covers all aspects of Internet of Energy (IoE) and smart cities including research problems and solutions. Points to the solutions provided by machine learning to optimize the grids within a smart city set-up. Discusses relevant IoE design principles and architecture. Helps to automate various services in smart cities for energy management. Includes case studies to show the effectiveness of the discussed schemes.

This reference text discusses principles, design, and applications of various types of multiplier-cum-divider circuits (MCDs), and covers applications of operational amplifiers to perform as MCDs circuits The text covers principles of multiplying circuits, dividing circuits, square rooting, and vector magnitude circuits in detail. It discusses how multiplier-cum-divider circuits are developed with saw tooth and triangular waves. It covers important topics including non-linear op-amp circuits, triangular wave referenced multiplier-cum-divider with multiplexes, saw tooth wave referenced MCD with analog switches, peak responding MCD with analog switches and triangular wave referenced MCD with analog switches. The text will be useful for senior undergraduate, graduate students, and professionals in the fields of electrical engineering, and electronics and communication engineering.

This book focuses primarily on both technical and business aspects needed to select, design, develop and deploy control application (or product) successfully for multiple components in building systems. Designing and deploying a control application require multiple steps such as sensing, system dynamics modelling, algorithms, and testing. This may involve choosing an appropriate methodology and technique at multiple stages during the development process. Understanding the pros and cons of such techniques, most importantly being aware of practically possible approaches in the entire ecosystem, is critical in choosing the best framework and system application for different parts of building systems. Providing a wide overview of the state-of art in controls and building systems, providing guidance on developing an end-to-end system in relation to business fundamentals (distribution channels, stakeholders, marketing, supply-chain and financial management), the book is ideal for fourth-year control/mechanical/electrical engineering undergraduates, graduate students, and practitioners including business leaders concerned with smart building technology.

This book focuses primarily on both technical and business aspects needed to select, design, develop and deploy control application (or product) successfully for multiple components in building systems. Designing and deploying a control application require multiple steps such as sensing, system dynamics modelling, algorithms, and testing. This may involve choosing an appropriate methodology and technique at multiple stages during the development process. Understanding the pros and cons of such techniques, most importantly being aware of practically possible approaches in the entire ecosystem, is critical in choosing the best framework and system application for different parts of building systems. Providing a wide overview of the state-of art in controls and building systems, providing guidance on developing an end-to-end system in relation to business fundamentals (distribution channels, stakeholders, marketing, supply-chain and financial management), the book is ideal for fourth-year control/mechanical/electrical engineering undergraduates, graduate students, and practitioners including business leaders concerned with smart building technology.

The development of computer software for nonlinear control systems has provided many benefits for teaching, research, and the development of control systems design. MATLAB is considered the dominant software platforms for linear and nonlinear control systems analysis. This book provides an easy way to learn nonlinear control systems such as feedback linearization technique and Sliding mode control (Structure variable control) which are one of the most used techniques in nonlinear control dynamical systems; therefore teachers-students and researchers are all in need to handle such techniques; and since they are too difficult for them to handle such nonlinear controllers especially for a more complicated systems such as induction motor, satellite, and vehicles dynamical models. Thus, this document it is an excellent resource for learning the principle of feedback linearization and sliding mode techniques in an easy and simple way: Provides a briefs description of the feedback linearization and sliding mode control strategies Includes a simple method on how to determine the right and appropriate controller (P-PI-PID) for feedback linearization control strategy. A Symbolic MATLAB Based function for finding the feedback linearization and sliding mode controllers are developed and tested using several examples. A simple method for finding the approximate sliding mode controller parameters is introduced Where the program used to construct the nonlinear controller uses symbolic computations; such that the user should provide the program with the necessary functions f(x), g(x) and h(x) using the symbolic library.

Grid-based Nonlinear Estimation and its Applications presents new Bayesian nonlinear estimation techniques developed in the last two decades. Grid-based estimation techniques are based on efficient and precise numerical integration rules to improve performance of the traditional Kalman filtering based estimation for nonlinear and uncertainty dynamic systems. The unscented Kalman filter, Gauss-Hermite quadrature filter, cubature Kalman filter, sparse-grid quadrature filter, and many other numerical grid-based filtering techniques have been introduced and compared in this book. Theoretical analysis and numerical simulations are provided to show the relationships and distinct features of different estimation techniques. To assist the exposition of the filtering concept, preliminary mathematical review is provided. In addition, rather than merely considering the single sensor estimation, multiple sensor estimation, including the centralized and decentralized estimation, is included. Different decentralized estimation strategies, including consensus, diffusion, and covariance intersection, are investigated. Diverse engineering applications, such as uncertainty propagation, target tracking, guidance, navigation, and control, are presented to illustrate the performance of different grid-based estimation techniques.

Traditionally, power engineering has been a subfield of energy engineering and electrical engineering which deals with the generation, transmission, distribution and utilization of electric power and the electrical devices connected to such systems including generators, motors and transformers. Implicitly this perception is associated with the generation of power in large hydraulic, thermal and nuclear plants and distributed consumption. Faced with the climate change phenomena, humanity has had to now contend with changes in attitudes in respect of environment protection and depletion of classical energy resources. These have had consequences in the power production sector, already faced with negative public opinions on nuclear energy and favorable perception of renewable energy resources and about distributed power generation. The objective of this edited book is to review all these changes and to present solutions for future power generation. Future energy systems must factor in the changes and developments in technology like improvements of natural gas combined cycles and clean coal technologies, carbon dioxide capture and storage, advancements in nuclear reactors and hydropower, renewable energy engineering, power-to-gas conversion and fuel cells, energy crops, new energy vectors biomass-hydrogen, thermal energy storage, new storage systems diffusion, modern substations, high voltage engineering equipment and compatibility, HVDC transmission with FACTS, advanced optimization in a liberalized market environment, active grids and smart grids, power system resilience, power quality and cost of supply, plug-in electric vehicles, smart metering, control and communication technologies, new key actors as prosumers, smart cities. The emerging research will enhance the security of energy systems, safety in operation, protection of environment, improve energy efficiency, reliability and sustainability. The book reviews current literature in the advances, innovative options and solutions in power engineering. It has been written for researchers, engineers, technicians and graduate and doctorate students interested in power engineering.

The robotic mechanism and its controller make a complete system. As the robotic mechanism is reconfigured, the control system has to be adapted accordingly. The need for the reconfiguration usually arises from the changing functional requirements. This book will focus on the adaptive control of robotic manipulators to address the changed conditions. The aim of the book is to summarise and introduce the state-of-the-art technologies in the field of adaptive control of robotic manipulators in order to improve the methodologies on the adaptive control of robotic manipulators. Advances made in the past decades are described in the book, including adaptive control theories and design, and application of adaptive control to robotic manipulators.

Electric power systems are being transformed from older grid systems to smart grids across the globe. The goals of this transition are to address today's electric power issues, which include reducing carbon footprints, finding alternate sources of decaying fossil fuels, eradicating losses that occur in the current available systems, and introducing the latest information and communication technologies (ICT) for electric grids. The development of smart grid technology is advancing dramatically along with and in reaction to the continued growth of renewable energy technologies (especially wind and solar power), the growing popularity of electric vehicles, and the continuing huge demand for electricity. Smart Grid Systems: Modeling and Control advances the basic understanding of smart grids and focuses on recent technological advancements in the field. This book provides a comprehensive discussion from a number of experts and practitioners and describes the challenges and the future scope of the technologies related to smart grid. Key features: provides an overview of the smart grid, with its needs, benefits, challenges, existing structure, and possible future technologies discusses solar photovoltaic (PV) system modeling and control along with battery storage, an integral part of smart grids discusses control strategies for renewable energy systems, including solar PV, wind, and hybrid systems describes the inverter topologies adopted for integrating renewable power covers the basics of the energy storage system and the need for micro grids describes forecast techniques for renewable energy systems presents the basics and structure of the energy management system in smart grids, including advanced metering, various communication protocols, and the cyber security challenges explores electric vehicle technology and its interaction with smart grids

The past decade has witnessed dramatic growth in the diversity and complexity of device applications where vacuum is required to support either high voltages or high electric fields. This is particularly true in thespace industry, specifically for the development of space-based pulse power systems.
This book presents an overview of the technological advances that have occurred since the publication of the Editors earlier book "High Voltage Vacuum Insulation: The Physical Basis." In this latest book, contributions from internationally recognized professionals and researchers in the field provide expanded treatment of the practical aspects of the subject. High Voltage Vacuum Insulation: Basic Concepts and Technological Practice provides a modern working manual for this specialized technology that is generic to a wide range of applications. The format makes the text suitable for use as a basis for special topic lecture courses at either the undergraduate or graduate level.
Key Features
* Provides the fundamental physical concepts of the subject
* Focuses on practical applications
* Gives a historical survey of the field
* Includes a detailed account of system design criteria
* Reviews theoretical models developed to explain the pinhole phenomena
* Presents results of a series of experimental investigations on the subject

The Internet of Energy (IoE), with the integration of advanced information and communication technologies (ICT), has led to a transformation of traditional networks to smart systems. Internet of Energy Handbook provides updated knowledge in the field of energy management with an Internet of Things (IoT) perspective. Features Explains the technological developments for energy management leading to a reduction in energy consumption through topics like smart energy systems, smart sensors, communication, techniques, and utilization Includes dedicated sections covering varied aspects related to renewable sources of energy, power distribution, and generation Incorporates energy efficiency, optimization, and sensor technologies Covers multidisciplinary aspects in computational intelligence and IoT Discusses building energy management aspects including temperature, humidity, the number of persons involved, and light intensity This handbook is aimed at graduate students, researchers, and professionals interested in power systems, IoT, smart grids, electrical engineering, and transmission.

This book presents a concise introduction to the latest advances in robust cooperative control design for multi-agent systems with input delay and external disturbances, especially from a prediction and observation perspective. The volume covers a wide range of applications, such as the trajectory tracking of quadrotors, formation flying of multiple unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) and fixed-time formation of ground vehicles. Robust cooperative control means that multi-agent systems are able to achieve specified control tasks while remaining robust in the face of both parametric and nonparametric model uncertainties. In addition, the authors cover a wide range of key issues in cooperative control, such as communication and input delays, parametric model uncertainties and external disturbances. Moving beyond the scope of existing works, a systematic prediction and observation approach to designing robust cooperative control laws is presented. About the Authors Chunyan Wang is an Associate Professor in the School of Aerospace Engineering at Beijing Institute of Technology, China. Zongyu Zuo is a full Professor with the School of Automation Science and Electrical Engineering, Beihang University, China. Jianan Wang is an Associate Professor in the School of Aerospace Engineering at Beijing Institute of Technology, China. Zhengtao Ding is a Professor in the Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering at University of Manchester, U.K.

This textbook is intended for an audience with little or no power engineering or renewable energy background. The book covers electric energy from alternative energy sources, including solar, wind, water, hydropower, geothermal, and ocean energy. Core issues discussed include wind and solar resource estimates and analysis, solar thermal systems, solar collectors, photovoltaics, wind turbines, geothermal energy, energy small hydropower, wave, tide and ocean energy, and characteristics of energy conversion, control, and electrical aspects. This is one of the most comprehensive textbooks for students, engineers, and professionals who study renewable energy. There are several questions and problems, presented with increasing difficulty, most of which focus on practical applications. The materials and problems are drawn from the author's extensive experience in renewable energy analysis, assessment, design, control, and the power electronics of wind and solar energy conversion systems. Each section of the book contains several solved examples, as well as practical and advanced discussions, that instill critical thinking and apply to industrial applications. The book is divided into eight chapters and covers the most important aspects of renewable energy sources and technologies.

Hybrid Energy Systems: Strategy for Industrial Decarbonization demonstrates how hybrid energy and processes can decarbonize energy industry needs for power and heating and cooling. It describes the role of hybrid energy and processes in nine major industry sectors and discusses how hybrid energy can offer sustainable solutions in each. Introduces the basics and examples of hybrid energy systems Examines hybrid energy and processes in coal, oil and gas, nuclear, building, vehicle, manufacturing and industrial processes, computing and portable electronic, district heating and cooling, and water sectors Shows that hybrid processes can improve efficiency and that hybrid energy can effectively insert renewable fuels in the energy industry Serves as a companion text to the author's book Hybrid Power: Generation, Storage, and Grids Written for advanced students, researchers, and industry professionals involved in energy-related processes and plants, this book offers latest research and practical strategies for application of the innovative field of hybrid energy.

Now in its Third Edition, Alternative Energy Systems: Design and Analysis with Induction Generators has been renamed Modeling and Analysis with Induction Generators to convey the book's primary objective-to present the fundamentals of and latest advances in the modeling and analysis of induction generators. New to the Third Edition Revised equations and mathematical modeling Addition of solved problems as well as suggested problems at the end of each chapter New modeling and simulation cases Mathematical modeling of the Magnus turbine to be used with induction generators Detailed comparison between the induction generators and their competitors Modeling and Analysis with Induction Generators, Third Edition aids in understanding the process of self-excitation, numerical analysis of stand-alone and multiple induction generators, requirements for optimized laboratory experimentation, application of modern vector control, optimization of power transference, use of doubly fed induction generators, computer-based simulations, and social and economic impacts.

This highly successful book is now updated in line with the Amendment 2-2022 of 18th Edition of the Wiring Regulations. It provides a topic-by-topic progression through the areas of electrical installations, including how and why electrical installations are designed, installed and tested. This tenth edition contains new material on batteries, LED and ELV lighting, data cabling and renewable electricity generation and distribution, with some focus on medical locations, and a glossary of terms. The guidance on tools used and safety legislation has also been brought up to date. Brian Scaddan's subject-led approach makes this a valuable resource for professionals and students on both City & Guilds and EAL courses. This approach also makes it easy for those who are learning the topic from scratch to get to grips with it independently of any particular course. The book is widely used in education and training across the UK and has been published for almost 40 years.

The revised edition presents, extends, and updates a thorough analysis of the factors that cause and accelerate the aging of conductive and insulating materials of which transmission and distribution electrical apparatus is made. New sections in the second edition summarize the issues of the aging, reliability, and safety of electrical apparatus, as well as supporting equipment in the field of generating renewable energy (solar, wind, tide, and wave power). When exposed to atmospheric corrosive gases and fluids, contaminants, high and low temperatures, vibrations, and other internal and external impacts, these systems deteriorate; eventually the ability of the apparatus to function properly is destroyed. In the modern world of "green energy", the equipment providing clean, electrical energy needs to be properly maintained in order to prevent premature failure. The book's purpose is to help find the proper ways to slow down the aging of electrical apparatus, improve its performance, and extend the life of power generation, transmission, and distribution equipment.

Fills the gap for a concise preliminary textbook on power electronic drives, with simple illustrations and applications Presents the integration of power electronics and machines in a simple manner Discusses the principles of electric motors and power electronics in an introductory manner Discusses DC and AC drives, with an emphasis on PM drives Includes questions and homework problems with hints and case studies

This book is based on the author's 50+ years experience in the power and distribution transformer industry. The first few chapters of the book provide a step-by-step procedures of transformer design. Engineers without prior knowledge or exposure to design can follow the procedures and calculation methods to acquire reasonable proficiency necessary to designing a transformer. Although the transformer is a mature product, engineers working in the industry need to understand its fundamentals oand design to enable them to offer products to meet the challenging demands of the power system and the customer. This book can function as a useful guide for practicing engineers to undertake new designs, cost optimization, design automation etc., without the need for external help or consultancy. The book extensively covers the design processes with necessary data and calculations from a wide variety of transformers, including dry-type cast resin transformers, amorphous core transformers, earthing transformers, rectifier transformers, auto transformers, transformers for explosive atmospheres, and solid-state transformers. The other subjects covered include, carbon footprint salculation of transformers, condition monitoring of transformers and design optimization techniques. In addition to being useful for the transformer industry, this book can serve as a reference for power utility engineers, consultants, research scholars, and teaching faculty at universities.

Multi-level Inverters (MLIs) are widely used for conversion of DC to AC power. This book provides various low-switching frequency (LSF) modulation schemes (conventional and improved), which can be implemented on MLIs. The LSF modulation schemes are implemented to three different MLI topologies to demonstrate their working and aimed at their application to reader invented MLI topologies. Highlighting the advantages of LSF over high-switching frequency (HSF) modulation schemes, the simulations are carried out using MATLAB (R)/Simulink along with hardware experiments. The practical application of MLIs to renewable energy sources and electric vehicles is also provided at the end of the book. Aimed at researchers, graduate students in Electric Power Engineering, Power Electronics, this book: Presents detailed overview of most commonly used multi-level invertor topologies. Covers advantages of low-switching over high-switching frequency scheme. Includes an exclusive section dedicated for an improved low-switching modulation scheme. Dedicated chapter on application of renewable energy sources to multi-level invertors and electric vehicles. Explains all the low-switching frequency modulation schemes.