Researchers in economics, psychology, and pharmacology review recent empirical and theoretical work on behavioral-economic approaches to understanding and altering the use and abuse of alcohol, cigarettes, and other substances. Among the topics they discuss are reducing drug abuse by enriching the e

The book gives a broad overview of recombinant DNA techniques for the behavioral neuroscientist, with illustrative examples of applications. Species covered include rodents (mainly mice), "Drosophila melanogaster, Caenorhabditis elegans" and "Danio rerio." Experimental techniques required to characterize the behavioral phenotypes of mutant animals is provided. Several aspects of novel molecular-genetic techniques are overviewed and possible research strategies are explained. The sections of the book start with general descriptions of techniques followed by illustrative examples.
It is divided into six sections. Section 1, bioinformatics and genomics research. Section 2, top-down strategies, where the researcher starts with the phenotype and then analyzes the associated genes; bottom-up strategies, where the physiological chain leading to a phenotype is analyzed starting from the gene product. Section 3, transgenic approaches in rodents including overexpressing foreign genes and gene-targeting; systemic manipulation approaches directly targeting the central nervous system and methods used with invertebrates. Section 4, methods used to evaluate relevant behavioral phenotypes, including learning and aggression. Section 5, examples on molecular brain research in man. Section 6, ethical aspects of research in this field.

Presently, doctors and psychiatrists are professing their inability to develop theoretical approaches that lead to effective clinical methods to help women suffering from eating disorders. Michelle Lelwica puts forward a hypothesis that has both theoritical and clinical implications. She identifies eating disorders as a specifically religious problem and contends that it can be addressed with religious resources. She argues that the remnants of religious legacies that have historically effaced the diversity and complexity of women's spiritual yearnings and struggles are alive and well under the guise of a host of "secular" practices, pictures and promises. Until these legacies are recognized, contested, and changed, she predicts, many girls and women will continue to turn to the symbolic and ritual resources most readily available to them --- food and their bodies --- in a passionate but precarious quest for freedom and fulfilment.

In our high technology society, there is a growing demand for a better understanding of decision making in high risk situations in order to improve selection, training and operational performance. Decision Making Under Stress presents a state-of-the-art review of psychological theory, in research and practice, on decision making in high pressure and emergency situations. It focuses on the experienced decision makers who deal with such risks, principally on flight decks, at civil emergencies, in industrial settings and military environments. The 29 chapters cover a wide range of perspectives and applications from aviation, military, industry and the emergency services. The authors, all international invited experts in their field, are based in research centers and universities from Europe, North America and Australia. Their common interest is in the theories and methods of a new research domain called NDM (naturalistic decision making). This volume comprises the edited contributions to the Third International NDM conference, sponsored by the US Army Research Institute and the US Naval Air Warfare Center, which was held in Aberdeen, Scotland in September 1996. The NDM researchers are interested in decision making in situations characterised by high risk, time pressure, uncertain goals, ambiguous information and teamwork. The extent to which the NDM approach can explain and predict human performance in such settings is a central theme, discussed with many practical examples and applications. This book is essential reading for applied psychologists, pilots, emergency commanders, military officers, high hazard managers, safety and emergency response professionals.

Klein's model of projective and introjective processes and Bion's theory of the relationship between container and contained have become increasingly significant in much clinical work. in a highly imaginative development of these models of thought, the distinguished clinician gianna williams, one of the leading figures in the field, elucidates the psychodynamics of these processes in the context of impairment of dependent relationships and of eating disorders in both men and women. This is a timely and brilliant account of an area of psychopathology that is rapidly growing in significance.

In this thought provoking book, Leonare Loeb Adler threads together 26 empirical studies that originated in diverse geographical areas. These studies present a comparison and greater understanding of the behavior of people living in a variety of different cultures. The focus on the book is well expressed in Dr. Adler's introduction in which she states that cross-cultural research recognizes that while the discovery of differences may be significant, the findings of similarities provide even more meaningful information. This book focuses on a variety of current cross-cultural and cross-ethic issues, which are pertinent to specific ages and stages in a life-span perspective. The broad interests and common concerns discussed are shared by people everywhere. Students and scholars in all the political and social science disciplines will find "Cross-Cultural Studies in Human Development" a source of stimulating ideas.

The book begins with a focus on childhood issues, including a Piagetian cognitive study in a Third World country. A report on a new test which assesses early and late stages of development in young school children of different cultures is followed by a chapter discussing applied behavior analysis in dealing with children in the classroom. In addition, there is a chapter on social concerns in childhood development. The second part of this book studies normal as well as handicapped adolescents in different cultures and presents detailed discussions on current issues such as therapeutic management of drug addiction as well as moral development. Part Three focuses on adulthood. The contributors address a wide range of topics including gender issues, attitudes toward extended family members, filial obligations to the elderly, and coming to terms with the death of a parent. Studies of topics important to the elderly complete this book's life-span perspective. The final section examines friendship and social support among old people in cross-cultural and cross-ethnic comparisons. Other chapters deal with disabilities and depression among the elderly, as well as a study of caregivers and counselors.

In nine chapters, contributors explore how genetic, hormonal, and neurological factors affect the behavior of males and females within complex environmental settings. Based on the latest research, the essays theorize about the causes of variation in sex differences in behavior and related phenomena. Sex differences in behavior are examined as a cross-species phenomenon and as having numerous biological as well as environmental determinants.

"Theory and Practice of Adlerian Psychology" delivers a comprehensive overview of the major works and theories of Alfred Adler, Viennese psychiatrist and founder of the school of individual psychology. This text presents an integrated analysis of Adler's outstanding findings and illustrations, which have been found to be both useful and practical by practitioners in psychotherapy. Adler's major accomplishments are integrated from a theoretical and philosophical perspective to help students analyze the threads of his intellectual and philosophical formulations for his theories.This fresh and exciting orientation to Alfred Adler's philosophy and theories is designed to foster research interest on the constructs of individual psychology (Adlerian Psychology). This is accomplished by providing an integrated platform for analyzing Adlerian theories against other prominent theories in psychotherapy. "Theory and Practice of Adlerian Psychology" is an ideal text for "Principles and Philosophies of Counseling" and "Lifestyle Assessment" courses, or anyone interested in learning more about how Alfred Adler's groundbreaking work changed the field of psychoanalysis.
Dr. Rosalyn V. Green (PhD, Counseling Psychology) is a full time tenured Associate Professor at Bowie State University, where she teaches "Family Counseling, Group Counseling," and "Marital Therapy." Her area of expertise in Counseling is with couples, families, and groups. She is also a licensed and ordained Reverend in her church and is thus able to bring the relationship between theology and psychology into the therapeutic setting. Her passion is to empower and challenge herself and others to grow, change, and thrive to live life to its fullest potential. Dr. Green is the author of "Our Father: Imprints that Shape Our Lives" and "Holy Molasses: I Am Stuck in Singlehood."

Appropriate for all upper-level courses in basic principles, applications, and behavioural research methods. This text provides an accurate, comprehensive, and contemporary description of applied behavior analysis in order to help students acquire fundamental knowledge and skills. Applied Behavior Analysis provides a comprehensive, in-depth discussion of the field, offering a complete description of the principles and procedures for changing and analysing socially important behaviour. The 3rd Edition features coverage of advances in all three interrelated domains of the sciences of behavior-theoretical, basic research, and applied research. It also includes updated and new content on topics such as negative reinforcement (Ch. 12), motivation (Ch. 16), verbal behavior (Ch. 18), functional behavioural assessment (Ch. 25), and ethics (Ch. 29).

What use are tears? What is their purpose? In this book, the author argues that we underestimate the importance of this powerful means of communication. Tears are dismissed as a symbol of weakness when we should value them as a source of energy and creativity. In case histories, based on original research, she shows how, why, when and where human beings cry and the barriers placed in their way. By shaming people - particularly boy children and men - we also suppress human capacities to express tenderness and compassion for distress in ourselves and in others. Than can affect our health, our relationships and our capacity to protest against injustice.

Harcum maintains that the proper assumptions about human nature are established by their relative utility in solving existing human problems. In order to facilitate solutions to familiar problems of daily living, the author advocates a definition of the science of psychology that includes the concepts of human freedom and intrinsic dignity. The author emphasizes the importance of the free will concept to behavioral scientists and practitioners as well as to citizens of the general population who, perhaps without realizing it, are forced users of behavioral science. The author's intention is to show that our cherished beliefs in the concepts of freedom and dignity are consistent with scientific principles and thus will become a vital part of a scientifically designed culture.

Evolutionary Aesthetics is the attempt to understand the aesthetic judgement of human beings and their spontaneous distinction between "beauty" and "ugliness" as a biologically adapted ability to make important decisions in life. The hypothesis is - both in the area of "natural beauty" and in sexuality, with regard to landscape preferences, but also in the area of "artificial beauty" (i.e. in art and design) - that beauty opens up fitness opportunities, while ugliness holds fitness risks. In this book, this adaptive view of aesthetics is developed theoretically, presented on the basis of numerous examples, and its consequences for evolutionary anthropology are illuminated.

This book provides an analysis of the human phenomenon of hesitation, the time elapsing between the stimulation of a person and that person's response. The views of disciplines as diverse as physiology and philosophy are examined, with special emphasis placed on psychology and the social sciences. Leonard Doob seeks to determine when and why human beings are impulsive or reflective, and whether, from their standpoint and that of others, their own hesitation should be extremely brief, long, or protractive. The volume also cites and summarizes relevant studies and derives guidelines related to subjective and objective hesitation. Although partially treated in other books and articles, this work represents the first book-length study of hesitation. The volume covers a full range of explanations for hesitation, starting with reflex actions (the central nervous system) and moving out to encompass an individual's culture and society, his personality development, and the influence that others may have over him. The study is divided into three main parts. An introduction serves to clarify the starting point for analysis, addressing the explanation and morality of hesitation and the questions of judgment that affect it. The next part, (Section 2) analyzes hesitation in terms of culture and society, personality traits and interrelations, other persons, and situations. The final section is devoted to selection, discussing the value of three degrees of hesitation and the techniques that can be employed to modify impulsivity and reflection. The book concludes with a list of recommended readings and a comprehensive index. This important study will be a valuable resource for psychologists, psychiatrists, and social scientists, and for courses in psychology, sociology, and anthropology. It will also be a significant addition to both public and academic libraries.

Marketing Psychology portrays the behaviour of consumers as influenced by its environmental consequences and extends this analysis to marketing management by proposing a novel understanding of the marketing firm. The book undertakes a behaviour analysis of consumer choice, based on a critical extension of radical behaviourism to the interpretation of human economic behaviour. This suggests that consumer behaviour is explained by locating it among the environmental contingencies that shape and maintain it. The result is a view of consumer choice and marketing response which transcends current understanding with profound managerial and policy implications.

This is the first book-length work to integrate the insights of cognitive science fully into economics. It reviews a wide range of related work in both fields and proposes new approaches to choice theory, rationality, and interaction (equilibrium) that are consistent with the limited cognitive capacity of real human beings. While joining with neoclassical economics in supporting the validity of supply-and-demand theory where it is literally applicable, McCain challenges most neoclassical theory, especially monopoly, oligopoly, and general equilibrium theory and welfare economics. His work aims to further and unite recent notions of behavioral and social economics.

This important work will be of interest to behavioral, social, and Keynesian economists, as well as other social scientists and philosophers interested in economic phenomena.

The terms interactive and dynamic would never have been associated with psychological and psychoeducational assessment a generation ago. They have currency now because of widespread dissatisfaction with the normative, standardized testing model, criticism of theoretical concepts of intelligence, recognition of abuses of standardized intelligence testing, and frustration with prediction and classification as primary goals of assessment. It is almost certainly true that public policy concerns propel scientific activity far more often than science propels public policy In the case of psychological assessment, public policy concerns have arisen in the last 20 years primarily around issues of possible "discrimination" against members of ethnic minorities. At the same time, there has been a re surgence of dedication to "excellence in education" goals. These concerns have led to such extreme measures as prohibition of the use of standard ized intelligence tests to determine school placement decisions, especially for minority children. They have led also to a search for alternatives to standardized, normative testing. The chapters in this volume represent a variety of answers to this need."

This book could not have been conceptualized or published 20 years ago. Indeed, it is doubtful that we could have organized the material for this handbook 10 years ago. Over the last 20 years, however, the painstaking efforts of many clinical researchers working with a variety of resistive psychopathologies have resulted in specific psychotherapies and pharmacotherapies that are effective with a significant propor tion of patients, at least for some of the disorders. Much clinical research remains to be carried out in the forthcoming decades. But now that we are nearing the 21st century, at least some statement about efficacy can be made. In 1967, Gordon Paul succinctly stated that the ultimate goal of treatment outcome research is to determine "What treatment, by whom, is most effective for this individual with that specific problem, and under which set of circumstances" (p. 111). At that time, empirical evaluations of psychosocial and pharmacologic treatments were few and far between. Methodological strategies for determining treatment effectiveness were also in the formative stage, as exemplified by introduc tion of control groups that received inactive interventions (i. e., placebo) and the relatively recent practice of comparing two or more treatments in addition to placebo. In the almost three decades since Paul's oft-quoted dictum, both the quantity and the quality of treatment outcome research with adults have increased dramati cally."

This volume seeks to review and stimulate interest in a number of emerging and fresh topics in contemporary tourist behaviour and experience. Topics explored include the effects of newer technologies on tourists' behaviour and experience, tourists' experience of scams, safety and personal responsibility, individual perspectives on sustainability, and some dimensions of tourists' personal growth, relationships and altruism. The topics are bound together by an integrative approach to conceptualising experience which is seen as an ensemble of orchestrated sensory inputs, affective reactions, cognitive mechanisms used to think about and understand the setting, actions undertaken and the relevant relationships which define the participants' world. A special emphasis is placed on tourists' stories as a pathway to access the nature of tourists' experience. Potential research directions in the field are indicated throughout.

In his treatment of activity measurement in the fields of medicine and psychology, Tryon gives us a book that clearly accomplishes the three purposes set out in its preface. The reader is definitely encouraged to wrestle with the concepts ofbehavior and activity in terms of "dynamic physical quantities." Moreover, the reader cannot help but become familiarized with the technology available for performing activity measurements. Motivation to use some of this technology is enhanced by the very extensive summary of other people's uses of it provided throughout the book. Readers may find the book provocative on a number of Ievels. It is concep tually provocative to those of us struggling with understanding basic issues in the assessment and measurement of behavior. It is practically provocative to those of us working with various forms of behavioral difference, especially in clinical popula tions. The book provokes because it is essentially an unfinished exploration, open ing us to numerous pathways that, when traveled, reveal still more paths to explore. In this sense the book should be heuristically useful both in the more traditional empirical sense, and in terms of its Stimulation of conceptual discussion."

Bringing together contributions by leaders in the field of clinical psychology, this highly readable textbook provides a current perspective on theory, training, assessment, consultation, research, and outpatient and inpatient practice. Bridging the gap between theory and practice, contributors offer a professional perspective on the various specialized activities and settings of a clinical psychologist. With this unique insight, advanced undergraduate and beginning graduate students gain a realistic understanding of the life of a clinical psychologist as well as the diverse professional opportunities in the field.

This text consists of Wilhelm Wundt's developed point of view on topics such as the the quality of sensation, the nature of feeling, the relation of feeling to will, consciousness, the develpment of attention, the temporal course of ideas, dreams, instincts and voluntary activity.

This unique handbook covers the consensuses and controversies surrounding traditional and nontraditional psychotherapeutic methodologies as related to individuals and specific subpopulations. It is the most comprehensive, integrative resource available to the graduate level student and to the practicing clinician.

This highly readable text details the findings of an exhaustive series of studies of Israeli combat veterans, documenting the effects of combat stress reaction on mental and physical health, social interaction, and military effectiveness. It provides mental health professionals, trauma victims, and military personnel with an unparalleled source of information, and offers a unique perspective of contemporary Israeli culture.

A host of special methodological issues arise in any discussion of research on human behavior. This practical new volume addresses many of those questions with 19 superb contributions from leading experts in the field. The text evaluates specific strategies and techniques used in laboratory settings, including - reinforcement and punishment - stimulus control - behavioral pharmacology - and methodologies concerning verbal and social behavior, among others. The book includes 135 illustrations and a notable Appendix that offers the APA's ethical guidelines for research with human subjects.