1980s Britain witnessed the brassy, multi-faceted emergence of a new generation of young, Black-British artists. Practitioners such as Sonia Boyce and Keith Piper were exhibited in galleries up and down the country and reviewed approvingly. But as the 1980s generation gradually but noticeably fell out of favour, the 1990s produced an intriguing new type of Black-British artist. Ambitious, media-savvy, successful artists such as Steve McQueen, Chris Ofili, and Yinka Shoni-bare made extensive use of the Black image (or, at least, images of Black peo-ple, and visuals evocative of Africa), but did so in ways that set them apart from earlier Black artists. Not only did these artists occupy the curatorial and gallery spaces nominally reserved for a slightly older generation but, with aplomb, auda-city, and purpose, they also claimed pre-viously unimaginable new spaces. Their successes dwarfed those of any previous Black artists in Britain. Back-to-back Tur-ner Prize victories, critically acclaimed Fourth Plinth commissions, and no end of adulatory media attention set them apart. What happened to Black-British artists during the 1990s is the chronicle around which "Things Done Change "is built. The extraordinary changes that the profile of Black-British artists went through are dis-cussed in a lively, authoritative, and de-tailed narrative. In the evolving history of Black-British artists, many factors have played their part. The art world's turning away from work judged to be overly 'political' and 'issue-based'; the ascen-dancy of Blair's New Labour govern-ment, determined to locate a bright and friendly type of 'diversity' at the heart of its identity; the emergence of the preco-cious and hegemonic yBa grouping; gov-ernmental shenanigans; the tragic murder of Black Londoner Stephen Lawrence - all these factors and many others underpin the telling of this fascinating story. "Things Done Change "represents a timely and important contribution to the building of more credible, inclusive, and nuanced art histories. The book avoids treating and discussing Black artists as practitioners wholly separate and distinct from their counterparts. Nor does the book seek to present a rosy and varnished account of Black-British artists. With its multiple references to Black music, in its title, several of its chapter headings, and citations evoked by artists themselves, "Things Done Change "makes a singular and compelling narrative that reflects, as well as draws on, wider cultural mani-festations and events in the socio-political arena.

There are so many children you pass everyday taken your own children to school in the morning that are extremely mistreated behind closed doors. Sometimes we can point them out like a sore thumb; this book is about one of those children that were never thought to become the person he is today. Children that are subjected to a harsh childhood surrounded with domestic violence, drugs, death, and prostitution under the same roof a child sleep, abuse and neglect openly ignored. All combined in a raw dysfunctional setting that can force any child to the streets as a form of relief from the current hell known as home. We blame young teenagers across the country for the massive destruction to our communities, but we as the parents have a percentage of ownership to that fact due to our own inherited cycle that must be broken. However very few kids make it out the ghetto or become assets to local funeral homes in the neighborhood... "Which one of these is going to be your kid?"

After sixty years, Dr. Roy G. Phillips, retired founding campus president at Miami-Dade College, Homestead Campus, returned to his native home in rural Webster Parish outside of Minden, Louisiana. It took him almost forty years to fulfill a dream, a journey that began as a conversation with renowned author Alex Haley culminated with the collection of fascinating stories, and then finished in a poignant book that tells the story of his ancestors in their trajectory from Africa to America. When he retired in December 2001, Phillips turned to writing, piercing together years worth of research. The final product, Exodus from the Door of No Return: Journey of an American Family (AuthorHouse), was published in September and revised in 2008. Phillips family saga mirrors the lives of what arguable could be the tale of most African Americans. In the book, family is the glue that binds Phillips ancestors from Slavery to Reconstruction, Jim Crow Segregation, the World Wars, the Great Migration of black families out of the South, the tumultuous civil rights period of the sixties, to the present day. Phillips might never have started on the journey of family discovery if it had not been for a chance meeting with Haley, who had come to speak at the University of Michigan. At that time, Haley was in the midst of researching his book Roots, and Phillips was completing his doctoral dissertation in urban secondary administration. I spent half of the night talking to him about what to do, he recalls. He said, Go and talk to the old folks in your family. Get their stories. Which is exactly what Phillips did. He interviewed his maternal grandmother who was then approaching her 102nd birth date. She not onlyrecounted riveting details about her grandfather and the white family who purchased him and how he ended upon the McDade Plantation along the Red River in Bossier Parish, Louisiana. Phillips painstaking tracked down the descendants of the plantation owners James Germany McDade II who owned his great grandfather and other relatives. Phillips continues to meet and correspond with the McDades in Shreveport and East Texas. He also underwent DNA testing which helped him track both his paternal ancestry to the Mbute people in the Central African Republic and his maternal ancestry to the Mende people in Sierra Leone West Africa. A year after retiring, Phillips was invited to Ghana, West Africa by the Honorable Christine Churcher, Minister of State for Basic Secondary and Girl Child Education, and her friend, Chief Nana Kweku Egyir Gyepi III, to assist in the development of a community college at Cape Coast Ghana, similar to the ones he had planned and managed in Detroit, Seattle, Omaha, and Miami-Dade. While in Cape Coast Ghana, West Africa, Phillips knelt and prayed in the middle of the stone courtyard where the ancestors of many African American families exited the door of no return to waiting ships to be taken to the Caribbean Islands and the Americas. Prior to leaving, Phillips met with the faculty and staff at the Academy of Christ the King, a school in need of adequate facilities, educational equipment, and materials. Despite these limitations, Phillips observed a student body eager to learn. The school reminded him of the two-room segregated Rosenwald School that he first attended in rural Webster Parish during the early forties. He pledged his support to use part of the proceeds ofthis book to assist the children of Cape Coast Ghana in the development of its programs and facilities.

This is the first of two volumes that specifically addresses the subject of the disproportional decline of Black American Males in higher education. For too long, acknowledgment of this issue has been avoided for fear that it would be clearly and too painfully felt. It is apparent that this issue can no longer be ignored and the need to examine and widely address this situation is now so vivid. This volume, and the next, forthrightly discuss and address the conditions that can be observed today. Collectively, the contributing authors provide critical historical overviews and analyses pertaining to Black American males in higher education and Black Americans of both genders. The contributing authors provide data from which conclusions can be drawn, discussion of the effectiveness of programs, conceptual pieces that address the issue of the presence or lack thereof of Black American males in higher education from a range of perspectives, and the role of the community colleges.

The two-time Pulitzer Prize-winning biography of W. E. B. Du Bois from renowned scholar David Levering Lewis, now in one condensed and updated volume

William Edward Burghardt Du Bois--the premier architect of the civil rights movement in America--was a towering and controversial personality, a fiercely proud individual blessed with the language of the poet and the impatience of the agitator. Now, David Levering Lewis has carved one volume out of his superlative two-volume biography of this monumental figure that set the standard for historical scholarship on this era. In his magisterial prose, Lewis chronicles Du Bois's long and storied career, detailing the momentous contributions to our national character that still echo today.

Arthur documents the role that Africa's best and brightest play in the new migration of population from less developed countries to the United States. He highlights how Africans negotiate and forge relationships among themselves and with the members of the host society. Multiple aspects of the African immigrants' social world, family patterns, labor force participation, and formation of cultural identities are also examined. He lays out the long term aspirations of the immigrants within the context of the geo-political, economic, and social conditions in Africa.

Ultimately, Arthur explains why people leave Africa, what they encounter, their interactions with the host society, and their attitudes about American social institutions. He also provides information about the social changes and policies that African countries need to adopt to stem the tide, or even reverse, the African brain drain. A detailed analysis for scholars, students, and other researchers involved with African and immigration studies and contemporary American society.

View the Table of Contents.
Read the Preface.

"Johnson gives these women visibility and voice as they relate their lives, their crimes, and their efforts to remain connected to families and communities...powerful."
-- "Booklist"

"Johnson's "Inner Lives" provides both a serious intervention in the literature on prisons and a venue through which incarcerated and formerly incarcerated Black women can speak for themselves. It challenges readers to take action."--"Black Renaissance"

""Inner Lives" soars when the women are allowed to speak for themselves."
--"Book"

"Johnson illuminates how the race and gender of African American women affect how they are treated in the American criminal justice system."
--"The Women's Review of Books"

"Johnson provides a historical look at African American women in the U.S. criminal justice system from the colonial period to the present."
--"Law's Social Inquiry"

The rate of women entering prison has increased nearly 400 percent since 1980, with African American women constituting the largest percentage of this population. However, despite their extremely disproportional representation in correctional institutions, little attention has been paid to their experiences within the criminal justice system.

Inner Lives provides readers the rare opportunity to intimately connect with African American women prisoners. By presenting the women's stories in their own voices, Paula C. Johnson captures the reality of those who are in the system, and those who are working to help them. Johnson offers a nuanced and compelling portrait of this fastest-growing prison population by blending legal history, ethnography, sociology, andcriminology. These striking and vivid narratives are accompanied by equally compelling arguments by Johnson on how to reform our nation's laws and social policies, in order to eradicate existing inequalities. Her thorough and insightful analysis of the historical and legal background of contemporary criminal law doctrine, sentencing theories, and correctional policies sets the stage for understanding the current system.

More than a century before Rosa Parks refused to give up her seat on a Montgomery bus, Shadrach Howard, David Ruggles, Frederick Douglass, and others had rejected demands that they relinquish their seats on various New England railroads. They were protesting segregation on Jim Crow cars, a term that originated in New England in 1839. Theirs was part of a larger movement for equal rights in antebellum New England. Using sit-ins, boycotts, petition drives, and other initiatives, African-American New Englanders and their white allies attempted to desegregate schools, transportation, neighborhoods, churches, and cultural venues. Above all they sought to be respected and treated as equals in a reputedly democratic society. Jim Crow North is the tale of that struggle and the racism that prompted it. Despite widespread racism, black New Englanders were remarkably successful. By the advent of the Civil War African American men could vote and hold office in every New England state but Connecticut. Schools, except in the largest cities of Connecticut and Rhode Island, were integrated. Railroads, stagecoaches, hotels, and cultural venues (with occasional aberrations) were free from discrimination. People of African descent and of European descent could marry one another and live peaceably, even in Maine and Rhode Island where such marriages were legally prohibited. There was an emerging, if still small, black middle class who benefitted most. But there were limits to progress. A majority of African-Americans in New England were mired in poverty preventing full equality both then and now.

"A fascinating, sensitive, and well-researched book that enhances our understanding of the history of Shady Side, the history of Maryland, and the history of America. It's a story that's entertaining, educational, and important." --Kenneth T. Walsh, journalist and author of "Family of Freedom: Presidents and African Americans in the White House" "A must-read, interesting book. Full of mores of yesterday and today." -- Mohan Grover, unoffi cial Shady Side mayor; owner of Renno's Market "When Ms. Widdifield first approached me about her book-writing project, I was skeptical. After all, what could a spit of a woman with dainty eyes and light blond hair who spends her winters in sunny Florida possibly know about the lives of African Americans? Yet she approached this project with a passion and confidence that I have not seen in many seasoned historians. The results of her efforts say it all. Widdifield has brought the lives and stories of this waterside community alive and, in the process, has filled avoid in the history books of southern Maryland." -- Judith A. Cabral, Kunta Kinte-Alex Haley Foundation "Passing Through Shady Side is a rich, vivid account of a largely untold story: the history of African American families that have farmed and worked the waters surrounding the Shady Side peninsula for nearly two centuries. Ann Widdifield has brought to life the generations that have given Shady Side its special character, traditions and vitality." -- Terence Smith, journalist and Shady Side resident

From the origins of the city in the mid-nineteenth century to the beginning of World War II, Seattle's urban workforce consisted overwhelmingly of migrant laborers who powered the seasonal, extractive economy of the Pacific Northwest. Though the city benefitted from this mobile labor force-consisting largely of Indigenous peoples and Asian migrants-municipal authorities, elites, and reformers continually depicted these workers and the spaces they inhabited as troublesome and as impediments to urban progress. Today the physical landscape bears little evidence of their historical presence in the city. Tracing histories from unheralded sites such as labor camps, lumber towns, lodging houses, and so-called slums, Seattle from the Margins shows how migrant laborers worked alongside each other, competed over jobs, and forged unexpected alliances within the marine and coastal spaces of the Puget Sound. By uncovering the historical presence of marginalized groups and asserting their significance in the development of the city, Megan Asaka offers a deeper understanding of Seattle's complex past.

This social history is not just an autobiography. The emphasis of this personal history to is to demonstrate that Social History develops as a consequence of interactions and relationships between human beings. Not one of us consciously sets out to change the world, but minuscule changes resulting from our presence, causes us, without being aware of it, to leave an imprint on all humanity. Reflection on these two facts can generate realization that every human being on earth can and does effect change in the human condition. Consequently, few of us realize how significant our life existence really is, until someone reminds us that our presence made a host of differences in their own lives. Once we become aware of this truth, we can record expositions such as this one. After 87 years of living, the mountaintops and the valleys of my life have become --only in hindsight --a tangible part of our country's Social History. All I have done here is what I hope many more of you can, and will do --record your own history, and enjoy the vision of how your interactions with people helped to shape you, your family, your community, your society and the world. What is Life all about? Are you important to all humanity? The answer to the second question---- OH YES YOU ARE That's what I've tried to show you here.

"Self, Culture, and Others in Womanist Practical Theology" argues for a critical engagement between womanist theology and psychoanalytic Self Psychology. Sheppard's position is that a psychoanalytically informed womanist practical theology will more fully account for the complexities of black women's experiences of self and black embodiment as well as the role of religion and cultural objects in self understanding. This psychoanalytic turn allows us not only to examine practices of care in relation to black women but also to direct a psychoanalytic lens toward womanist theological anthropology, embodiment, pedagogy, psychology of religion, as well as psychoanalytic reader response to engagement with scripture. In the end, her work challenges and advances both psychoanalysis and womanist thought.

This collection of essays highlights the controversies surrounding racism in sports and African American athletes, examining the racial discrimination that exists in one of the most public arenas in the 21st century. Despite increasing diversity in the American population, race and racial bias continue to be significant issues in the United States. Sports-one of the most visible and important subsets of American culture-directly reflect our society's beliefs about race. This book examines racial controversy and conflict in various sports in the United States in both previous eras as well as the current "Age of Obama." The essays in the work explain how racial ideologies are created and recreated in all areas of public life, including the world of sports. The authors address a wide range of sports, including ones where racial minorities are in the numerical minority, such as hockey. Specific topics covered include the devaluation of black athletes, racism in Major League Baseball, and the treatment of black female athletes. Enables readers to comprehend how sports influence-and are influenced by-society, and grasp that both race and sports are powerful social constructions Contains contributions from sociologist and social theorist Joe Feagin, a highly respected authority on the subject of race Identifies and discusses the institutional barriers and personal practices regarding African Americans that perpetuate racism in sports and our society at large

Essays by the foremost labor historian of the Black experience in the Appalachian coalfields.This collection brings together nearly three decades of research on the African American experience, class, and race relations in the Appalachian coal industry. It shows how, with deep roots in the antebellum era of chattel slavery, West Virginia's Black working class gradually picked up steam during the emancipation years following the Civil War and dramatically expanded during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. From there, African American Workers and the Appalachian Coal Industry highlights the decline of the region's Black industrial proletariat under the impact of rapid technological, social, and political changes following World War II. It underscores how all miners suffered unemployment and outmigration from the region as global transformations took their toll on the coal industry, but emphasizes the disproportionately painful impact of declining bituminous coal production on African American workers, their families, and their communities. Joe Trotter not only reiterates the contributions of proletarianization to our knowledge of US labor and working-class history but also draws attention to the gender limits of studies of Black life that focus on class formation, while calling for new transnational perspectives on the subject. Equally important, this volume illuminates the intellectual journey of a noted labor historian with deep family roots in the southern Appalachian coalfields.

This book explores the roots and relevance of Martin Luther King, Jr.'s approach to black suffering. King's conviction that "unearned suffering is redemptive" reflects a nearly 250-year-old tradition in the black church going back to the earliest Negro spirituals. From the bellies of slave ships, the foot of the lynching tree, and the back of segregated buses, black Christians have always maintained the hope that God could "make a way out of no way" and somehow bring good from the evils inflicted on them. As a product of the black church tradition, King inherited this widespread belief, developed it using Protestant liberal concepts, and deployed it throughout the Civil Rights Movement of the 50's and 60's as a central pillar of the whole non-violent movement. Recently, critics have maintained that King's doctrine of redemptive suffering creates a martyr mentality which makes victims passive in the face of their suffering; this book argues against that critique. King's concept offers real answers to important challenges, and it offers practical hope and guidance for how beleaguered black citizens can faithfully engage their suffering today.

Conflict is an increasing threat to national and international security and a major challenge to development. It is significant to acknowledge that civil conflict has impoverished countries in every major region of the world, with specific emphasis on Africa. Civil Conflict has wiped out the achievements of decades of economic and social development. In case of Liberia which is the main objective of this study, the 25 years civil conflict not only wiped out the achievements of decades of economic and social development, but destroyed thousands of lives, the physical assets of the country, and disrupted trade links which devastated the fabrics of the Liberian society. The Liberian violent conflict leaves a legacy of militarized, guerilla warfare leadership culture, divided societies, widespread displacement, and decimated institutional capacity. For many Liberians, dealing with devastation of war is a bitter experience that will never be forgotten. The present Liberian political context is extremely imperative in any transition from post-conflict situation to a more stable and secured environment that will facilitate the national reconciliation of farmer political adversaries and combatants, and lead to a more stable and secured environment that will enable refugees to return to their homes areas and permit the commencement of urgent rehabilitation effort such as the rebuilding of the administrative infrastructure of the country, such as the core ministeries', legal system, especially the courts, and the opening and operation of ports, air ports, harbors, telecommunication facilities, and electricity. For these urgent post-conflict rehabilitation actions to take place however, it was necessary for an elected government to be in place with the clear mandate to govern especially where as in Liberia, the conflict originated from a struggle for political power between contending ethnic groups and their armed supporters. This scenario has not been a reality for the Liberian people. The greatest challenge to the Liberian people, however, is the post-civil conflict reconstruction, rehabilitation, and recovery, indeed for countries emerging from prolong violent conflict. This study will be focusing on new system which will require the United States, the International Community, The European Union, The EEC, and other Non-Governmental Organizations, social, political, and economic cohesion as a pre-condition for reconstruction, rehabilitation, reconciliation, and recovery. As a practitioner, specialist, and a 21st century student of politics of life, Post-independence Black-Africa political and historic, cultural and Liberian political scientist, international political systems, comparative international political problems and global political cultural diversity, I am cognizant, and I do indeed care about Liberia /Africa in global conflicts that have profound effects on Africa, and implications which lead to war, instability, and international tension as well as about events which lead to equitable interdependence, integration, peace, improvement of quality of life, reduction of exploitation, imperialism human rights violation perpetrated by post-independence African leadership. Because I am a Black-African-Liberian, I do care about these national, international, regional, state of affairs that specifically affect Africa in general and Liberia in particular, I have tried over the years to make some life time attempt to make some scholastic decisions as it reflects on my research, to advance procedures in conflict management and resolution theories about systematizing my observations and improving my knowledge and skills of pre-conflict analysis of Africa in general and post-conflict analysis of Liberia in particular.

Analyzing the poets Melvin B. Tolson, Langston Hughes, and Amiri Baraka, this study charts the Afro-Modernist epic. Within the context of Classical epic traditions, early 20th-century American modernist long poems, and the griot traditions of West Africa, Schultz reveals diasporic consciousness in the representation of African American identities.