This book presents the proceedings of the International Conference on Recent Trends in Materials and Devices (ICRTMD 2019) held in India. It brings together academicians, scientists and industrialists from various fields for the establishment of enduring connections to solve the common global challenges across a number of disciplines. The conference provides a platform to tackle complex problems from a range of perspectives, thereby modeling integrated, solution-focused thinking and partnerships.

This book is about the work of 10 great scientists; who they were and are, their personal background and how they achieved their outstanding results and took their prominent place in science history. We follow one of physics and science history's most enigmatic phenomena, superconductivity, through 100 years, from its discovery in 1911 to the present, not as a history book in the usual sense, but through close ups of the leading characters and their role in that story, the Nobel laureates, who were still among us in the years 2001-2004 when the main round of interviews was carried out. Since then two of them already passed away. For each one of the 10 laureates, the author tells their story by direct quotation from interviews in their own words. Each chapter treats one laureate. The author first gives a brief account of the laureates' scientific background and main contribution. Then each laureate tells his own story in his own words. This book is unique in its approach to science history.

This book introduces the principles and techniques of modern electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy that are essential to determine microscopic defect structures. Many different magnetic resonance methods are required for investigating the microscopic and electronic properties of solids and uncovering correlations between those properties. In addition to EPR, such methods include electron nuclear double resonance (ENDOR), electronically and optically detected EPR (also known as ODENDOR), and electronically and optically detected ENDOR. This book comprehensively discusses experimental, technological, and theoretical aspects of these techniques from a practical point of view, with examples of semiconductors and insulators. While the non-specialist learns about the potential of the different methods, the researcher finds help in the application of commercial apparatus and guidance from ab initio theory for deriving structure models from data.

This book discusses group theory investigations of zincblende and wurtzite semiconductors under symmetry-breaking conditions. The text presents the group theory elements required to develop a multitude of symmetry-breaking problems, giving scientists a fast track to bypass the need for recalculating electronic states. The text is not only a valuable resource for speeding up calculations but also illustrates the construction of effective Hamiltonians for a chosen set of electronic states in crystalline semiconductors. Since Hamiltonians have to be invariant under the transformations of the point group, the crystal symmetry determines the multiplet structure of these states in the presence of spin-orbit, crystal-field, or exchange interactions. Symmetry-breaking leads to additional coupling of the states, resulting in shifts and/or splittings of the multiplets. Such interactions may be intrinsic, as in the case of the quasi-particle dispersion, or extrinsic, induced by magnetic, electric, or strain fields. Using a power expansion of the perturbations these interaction terms can be determined in their parameterized form in a unique way. The hierarchic structure of this invariant development allows to estimate the importance of particular symmetry-breaking effects in the Hamiltonian. A number of selected experimental curves are included to illustrate the symmetry-based discussions, which are especially important in optical spectroscopy. This text is written for graduate students and researchers who want to understand and simulate experimental findings reflecting the fine structure of electronic or excitonic states in crystalline semiconductors.

This book presents highlighted results coming up from NanoCarbon2011, a Brazilian Carbon event. The topics cover the latest advances in Brazilian basic and applied research related to different carbon materials. The chapters address reviews on their fundamental and outstanding properties and describe various classes of new promising high-tech applications for carbon materials.

For the first time, this up-to-date text combines the main issues of the hardware description language VHDL-AMS aimed at model representation of mixed-signal circuits and systems, characterization methods and tools for the extraction of model parameters, and modelling methodologies for accurate high-level behavioural models.

This book brings together the recent cutting-edge work on computational methods in photonics and their applications. The latest advances in techniques such as the Discontinuous Galerkin Time Domain method, Finite Element Time Domain method, Finite Difference Time Domain method as well as their applications are presented. Key aspects such as modelling of non-linear effects (Second Harmonic Generation, lasing in fibers, including gain nonlinearity in metamaterials), the acousto-optic effect, and the hydrodynamic model to explain electron response in nanoplasmonic structures are included. The application areas covered include plasmonics, metamaterials, photonic crystals, dielectric waveguides, fiber lasers. The chapters give a representative survey of the corresponding area.

"Phase Change Materials: Science and Applications" provides a unique introduction of this rapidly developing field. Clearly written and well-structured, this volume describes the material science of these fascinating materials from a theoretical and experimental perspective. Readers will find an in-depth description of their existing and potential applications in optical and solid state storage devices as well as reconfigurable logic applications.

Researchers, graduate students and scientists with an interest in this field will find "Phase Change Materials" to be a valuable reference.

How much knowledge can we gain about a physical system and to what degree can we control it? In quantum optical systems, such as ion traps or neutral atoms in cavities, single particles and their correlations can now be probed in a way that is fundamentally limited only by the laws of quantum mechanics. In contrast, quantum many-body systems pose entirely new challenges due to the enormous number of microscopic parameters and their small length- and short time-scales.
This thesis describes a new approach to probing quantum many-body systems at the level of individual particles: Using high-resolution, single-particle-resolved imaging and manipulation of strongly correlated atoms, single atoms can be detected and manipulated due to the large length and time-scales and the precise control of internal degrees of freedom. Such techniques lay stepping stones for the experimental exploration of new quantum many-body phenomena and applications thereof, such as quantum simulation and quantum information, through the design of systems at the microscopic scale and the measurement of previously inaccessible observables.

This book explores the new materials and the resultant new field of piezotronics. The growth and alignment of the zinc oxide nanostructures are discussed in detail because of its wide adoption in this field and its significance in optics, health, and sensing applications. The characterization of the piezotronic effect and how to distinguish it from other similar but, fundamentally different effects, like piezoresistive effect is also considered. The huge potential in the wearable and flexible devices, as well as organic materials, is further examined. The stain/stress sensing is introduced as an example of an application with piezotronic materials.

This book provides the analytical theory of complex systems composed of a large number of high-Q dielectric resonators. Spherical and cylindrical dielectric resonators with inferior and also whispering gallery oscillations allocated in various lattices are considered. A new approach to S-matrix parameter calculations based on perturbation theory of Maxwell equations, developed for a number of high-Q dielectric bodies, is introduced. All physical relationships are obtained in analytical form and are suitable for further computations. Essential attention is given to a new unified formalism of the description of scattering processes. The general scattering task for coupled eigen oscillations of the whole system of dielectric resonators is described. The equations for the expansion coefficients are explained in an applicable way. The temporal Green functions for the dielectric resonator are presented. The scattering process of short pulses in dielectric filter structures, dielectric antennas and lattices of dielectric resonators is discussed.

1 Structures of and Bonding in Electronic Materials.- 1. Introduction.- 2. The Structure of the Group IV Elements and of III-V and II-VI Semiconductors.- 3. Bonding in and Relationships Between Zinc Blende and Wurtzite-Type Compounds.- 4. Other Structure Types.- References.- 2 Electron Energy Bands.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Models.- 2.1. The Nearly Free Electron Model.- 2.2. The Tight-Binding Model.- 2.3. The Relationship Between the Results of the Two Models.- 2.4. The Relationship Between Maximum Energy and k.- 2.5. Three-Dimensional Effects.- 2.6. Real Materials.- 3. Effective Mass.- 4. Positive Holes.- 5. Methods of Computing Band Structure.- 6. Conductance, the Octet Rule, and Bands.- 7. Postscript: The Kronig-Penney Model.- References.- 3 Electrical Properties of Semiconductors.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Intrinsic Semiconductors.- 3. Extrinsic Semiconductors.- 4. Scattering and Mobility of Charge Carriers.- 5. High-Field Effects.- 4 Optical Properties.- 1. Introduction.- 2. The Classical Approach.- 2.1. Relation to Conductivity.- 2.2. Optical Constants and Relative Permittivity.- 2.3. Resonance.- 3. Absorption Mechanisms.- 3.1. Fundamental Absorption.- 3.2. Other Mechanisms.- 4. Photoconductivity.- 5. Emission.- 5.1. Spontaneous Emission.- 5.2. Stimulated Emission.- 5.3. Nonradiative Recombination.- 6. Anisotropic Materials.- 7. Polarized Light.- 8. Thin-Film Systems.- 5 Interfaces and Low-Dimensional Structures.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Band Structure at a Heterojunction Interface.- 3. Low-Dimensional Effects.- 4. New Effects in Low-Dimensional Structures.- 5. Materials Growth.- 6. Other Low-Dimensional Structures.- 7. Applications.- 8. Conclusions.- References.- 6 Key Electrical Devices.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Basic Semiconductor Diodes.- 2.1. The p-n Junction Diode.- 2.2. The Metal-Semiconductor or Schottky Diode.- 2.3. Ohmic Contacts.- 3. Bipolar Junction Transisistors.- 4. Field Effect Transistors.- 4.1. MOSFETs.- 4.2. JFETs and MESFETs.- 5. Materials for Electronic Devices: The Significance of Silicon.- 6. Gallium-Arsenide-Based Transistors.- 6.1. The GaAs MESFET.- 6.2. Heterojunction-Based Devices.- 7. Other Materials.- 8. Conclusions and Future Prospects.- References.- 7 Key Optoelectronic Devices.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Materials Technologies.- 2.1. Important Optoelectronic Materials.- 2.2. Epitaxy.- 3. Light-Emitting Devices.- 3.1. Basic Principles.- 3.2. Light-Emitting Diodes (LEDs).- 3.3. Semiconductor Lasers.- 4. Optical Detectors.- 5. Waveguide Components.- 6. Optoelectronic Integrated Circuits.- 7. Conclusions.- 8 Thermodynamics and Defect Chemistry of Compound Semiconductors.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Elements of Multicomponent Phase Equilibria.- 2.1. Gibbs's Phase Rule.- 2.2. Pressure-Temperature Equilibrium.- 2.3. Solid-Liquid Equilibria in Multicomponent Systems.- 2.4. Representation of the Activity Coefficients.- 3. Solid-Liquid Phase Equilibria in Ternary III-V Compounds...- 4. Solid-Gas Phase Equilibria in Multicomponent III-V compounds.- 5. Native Point Defects in Compound Semiconductors.- 6. The Incorporation of Solute (Dopant) Atoms.- 7. Summary and Conclusions.- References.- 9 Single Crystal Growth I: Melt Growth.- 1. Introduction: General Principles.- 2. Role of Melt Growth.- 3. Constraints to Melt Growth.- 3.1. Chemical Reactivity.- 3.2. Vapor Pressure.- 3.3. Mechanical.- 3.4. Fundamental.- 4. Techniques of Melt Growth.- 4.1. Vertical Pulling or Czochralski Growth.- 4.2. Float Zone.- 4.3. Horizontal Bridgman.- 4.4 Liquid Encapsulation.- 5. Fundamentals.- References.- 10 Single Crystal Growth II: Epitaxial Growth.- 1. Introduction: General Principles.- 2. Role of Epitaxy.- 3. Constraints to Epitaxial Growth.- 3.1. Liquid Phase Epitaxy (LPE).- 3.2. Vapor Phase Epitaxy (VPE).- 4. Techniques of Epitaxial Growth.- 4.1. Liquid Phase Epitaxy.- 4.2. Vapor Phase Epitaxy: Conventional Inorganic Epitaxy.- 4.3. Molecular Beam Epitaxy (MBE): Metalorganic Molecular Beam Epitaxy (MOMBE).- 4.4. Metalorganic Vapor Phase Ep...

Laser assisted fabrication involves shaping of materials using laser as a source of heat. It can be achieved by removal of materials (laser assisted cutting, drilling, etc.), deformation (bending, extrusion), joining (welding, soldering) and addition of materials (surface cladding or direct laser cladding). This book on Laser assisted Fabrication' is aimed at developing in-depth engineering concepts on various laser assisted macro and micro-fabrication techniques with the focus on application and a review of the engineering background of different micro/macro-fabrication techniques, thermal history of the treated zone and microstructural development and evolution of properties of the treated zone.

From the reviews: " ...] a welcome addition to the literature. ...] This book promises to make a valuable contribution to the education of graduate students in electrical and computer engineering, and a very useful addition to the library of the maturer investigator in SoC designs or related fields." Microelectronics Reliability

This book traces the quest to use nanostructured media for novel and improved optoelectronic devices. Starting with the invention of the heterostructure laser, the progression via thin films to quasi zero-dimensional quantum dots has led to novel device concepts and tremendous improvements in device performance. Along the way sophisticated methods of material preparation and characterization have been developed. Novel physical phenomena have emerged and are now used in devices such as lasers and optical amplifiers. Leading experts - among them Nobel laureate Zhores Alferov - write here about the fundamental concepts behind nano-optoelectronics, the material basis, physical phenomena, device physics and systems.

This book is a thoroughly practical way to explore the 8051 and discover C programming through project work. Through graded projects, Dogan Ibrahim introduces the reader to the fundamentals of microelectronics, the 8051 family, programming in C, and the use of a C compiler. The specific device used for examples is the AT89C2051 - a small, economical chip with re-writable memory, readily available from the major component suppliers.
A working knowledge of microcontrollers, and how to program them, is essential for all students of electronics. In this rapidly expanding field many students and professionals at all levels need to get up to speed with practical microcontroller applications. Their rapid fall in price has made microcontrollers the most exciting and accessible new development in electronics for years - rendering them equally popular with engineers, electronics hobbyists and teachers looking for a fresh range of projects.

Microcontroller Projects in C for the 8051 is an ideal resource for self-study as well as providing an interesting, enjoyable and easily mastered alternative to more theoretical textbooks.
Dogan Ibrahim has been Associate Professor and Head of Department at the Near East University, Cyprus, lecturer at South Bank University, London, Principal Research Engineer at GEC Hirst Research Centre, and is now a hardware and software systems consultant to London's Traffic Control Systems Unit.
Practical projects that enable students and practitioners to get up and running straight away with 8051 microcontrollers
A hands-on introduction to practical C programming
A wealth of project ideas for students and enthusiasts

Lead-free solders are used extensively as interconnection materials in electronic assemblies and play a critical role in the global semiconductor packaging and electronics manufacturing industry. Electronic products such as smart phones, notebooks and high performance computers rely on lead-free solder joints to connect IC chip components to printed circuit boards." Lead Free Solder: Mechanics and Reliability" provides in-depth design knowledge on lead-free solder elastic-plastic-creep and strain-rate dependent deformation behavior and its application in failure assessment of solder joint reliability. It includes coverage of advanced mechanics of materials theory and experiments, mechanical properties of solder and solder joint specimens, constitutive models for solder deformation behavior; numerical modeling and simulation of solder joint failure subject to thermal cycling, mechanical bending fatigue, vibration fatigue and board-level drop impact tests.

This is a comprehensive guide to fault injection techniques used to evaluate the dependability of a digital system. The description and the critical analysis of different fault injection techniques and tools are authored by key scientists in the field of system dependability and fault tolerance.

The demand for high-performance submarine power cables is increasing as more and more offshore wind parks are installed, and the national electric grids are interconnected. Submarine power cables are installed for the highest voltages and power to transport electric energy under the sea between islands, countries and even continents. The installation and operation of submarine power cables is much different from land cables. Still, in most textbooks on electrical power systems, information on submarine cables is scarce. This book is closing the gap. Different species of submarine power cables and their application are explained. Students and electric engineers learn on the electric and mechanic properties of submarine cables. Project developers and utility managers will gain useful information on the necessary marine activities such as pre-laying survey, cable lay vessels, guard boats etc., for the submarine cable installation and repair. Investors and decision makers will find an overview on environmental aspects of submarine power cables. A comprehensive reference list is given for those who want further reading.

Topological insulators are insulating in the bulk, but process metallic states present around its boundary owing to the topological origin of the band structure. The metallic edge or surface states are immune to weak disorder or impurities, and robust against the deformation of the system geometry. This book, the first of its kind on topological insulators, presents a unified description of topological insulators from one to three dimensions based on the modified Dirac equation. A series of solutions of the bound states near the boundary are derived, and the existing conditions of these solutions are described. Topological invariants and their applications to a variety of systems from one-dimensional polyacetalene, to two-dimensional quantum spin Hall effect and p-wave superconductors, and three-dimensional topological insulators and superconductors or superfluids are introduced, helping readers to better understand this fascinating new field.
This book is intended for researchers and graduate students working in the field of topological insulators and related areas.
Shun-Qing Shen is a Professor at the Department of Physics, the University of Hong Kong, China.

Organic and printed electronics can enable a revolution in the applications of electronics and this book offers readers an overview of the state-of-the-art in this rapidly evolving domain. The potentially low cost, compatibility with flexible substrates and the wealth of devices that characterize organic and printed electronics will make possible applications that go far beyond the well-known displays made with large-area silicon electronics. Since organic electronics are still in their early stage, undergoing transition from lab-scale and prototype activities to production, this book serves as a valuable snapshot of the current landscape of the different devices enabled by this technology, reviewing all applications that are developing and those can be foreseen. "

This thesis explores thermal transport in selected rare-earth-based intermetallic compounds to answer questions of great current interest. It also sheds light on the interplay of Kondo physics and Fermi surface changes. By performing thermal conductivity and electrical resistivity measurements at temperatures as low as 25mK, the author demonstrates that the Wiedemann-Franz law, a cornerstone of metal physics, is violated at precisely the magnetic-field-induced quantum critical point of the heavy-fermion metal YbRh2Si2. This first-ever observation of a violation has dramatic consequences, as it implies a breakdown of the quasiparticle picture. Utilizing an innovative technique to measure low-temperature thermal transport isothermally as a function of the magnetic field, the thesis interprets specific, partly newly discovered, high-field transitions in CeRu2Si2 and YbRh2Si2 as Lifshitz transitions related to a change in the Fermi surface. Lastly, by applying this new technique to thermal conductivity measurements of the skutterudite superconductor LaPt4Ge12, the thesis proves that the system is a conventional superconductor with a single energy gap. Thus, it refutes the widespread speculations about unconventional Cooper pairing in this material.

Active RC filters were first applied in the late 1950s. Since then, there has been a rapid development in both theoretical research and practical realization methods, as witnessed by the appearance of some 3,000 publications on active RC filters. This abundance of literature has, however, caused a great deal of confusion for non-specialist engineers. In order to solve a problem of filter design, a prolonged study is usually needed in order to make the correct choice between a wide variety of filter structures. Furthermore, most publications are intended to solve detailed problems for experts in the field, with little useful contribution for practising electrical engineers.
Now, with the aid of this book, the designer can find the structure and circuit elements of a specified active RC filter with relatively few calculations. Moreover, the filter thus designed will have transfer characteristics within the specified tolerances, and will comprise the least expensive (i.e. highest tolerance) components.

Despite the recent development and interest in the photonics of metallic wire structures, the relatively simple concepts and physics often remain obscured or poorly explained to those who do not specialize in the field. Electromagnetic Behaviour of Metallic Wire Structures provides a clear and coherent guide to understanding these phenomena without excessive numerical calculations. Including both background material and detailed derivations of the various different formulae applied, Electromagnetic Behaviour of Metallic Wire Structures describes how to extend basic circuit theory relating to voltages, currents, and resistances of metallic wire networks to include situations where the currents are no longer spatially uniform along the wire. This lays a foundation for a deeper understanding of the many new phenomena observed in meta-electromagnetic materials. Examples of applications are included to support this new approach making Electromagnetic Behaviour of Metallic Wire Structures a comprehensive and self-contained volume suitable for use by specialists, non-specialist, researchers and professionals in other relevant fields and even students.

This textbook sets out to enable readers to understand fundamental aspects underlying quantum macroscopic phenomena in solids, primarily through the modern experimental techniques and results. The classic independent-electrons approach for describing the electronic structure in terms of energy bands helps explain the occurrence of metals, insulators and semiconductors. It is underlined that superconductivity and magnetism can only be understood by taking into account the interactions between electrons. The text recounts the experimental observations that have revealed the main properties of the superconductors and were essential to track its physical origin. While fundamental concepts are underlined, those which are required to describe the high technology applications, present or future, are emphasized as well. Problem sets involve experimental approaches and tools which support a practical understanding of the materials and their behaviour.