Entrepreneurs engaging in international business face business environments that are fundamentally different from their home countries. Despite decades of entrepreneurship research, we know little about these entrepreneurs and their strategic behaviour in establishing and managing transnational operations. This book applies an institutional perspective on transnational entrepreneurship to empirical investigations of transnational corporations (TNCs) from Hong Kong and Singapore. Henry Wai-chung Yeung argues that significant variations in institutional structures of home countries explain variations in the entrepreneurial endowments of prospective transnational business networks. This is illustrated by empirical data from two in-depth studies of over 300 TNCs from Hong Kong and Singapore and over 120 of their foreign affiliates in Asia. Entrepreneurship and the Internationalisation of Asian Firms is a timely contribution to theoretical and empirical studies in international business and will be widely read by those interested in international business, industrial economics, organisation studies, political economy, regional studies and economic geography.

This volume explores Malaysian business in the era that began with the Asian financial crisis of 1997-1999. The contributions, by a broad range of international experts, are informed by a wish to identify what Malaysia needs to do to sustain economic growth, remain internationally competitive and further social stability in the post-crisis period. Malaysia's unconventional response to the crisis suggests that its business community has developed a new level of confidence in its ability to adopt and sustain innovative policies even when these strategies challenge the international financial community. This response is perceived as evidence that Malaysian business has indeed entered a new era characterised by a high level of confidence in the nation's capacity to weather the external periodic shocks that are a feature of the current wave of globalisation. The book argues that there are grounds for optimism in this regard while recognising that the true test will occur when Malaysia is compelled to confront a major decline in its international export markets brought on by a truly major crisis such as an OECD-wide recession. Business scholars and professionals as well as readers interested in Asian business and economics will find this volume informative.

Since the 1970s, there have been many changes to the ways in which Japanese firms have conducted business. The editors of this volume examine the strategies of Japanese subsidiaries in the new global economy and present, in four parts, a comprehensive picture of the nature of Japanese multinational enterprises.The book addresses the overall nature of Japanese investment in international markets, and its broader implications for corporate performance. The entry mode choice and its relationship to performance is then examined, in an attempt to establish overall trends in the performance of various modes. The focus then shifts explicitly to joint ventures since nearly half of all Japanese subsidiaries take this form. Finally, the management strategies that Japanese firms have used in their foreign subsidiaries are investigated. Japanese Subsidiaries in the New Global Economy utilizes empirical analyses based on a very large, longitudinal data set, coupled with state of the art conceptual development. This volume provides a complete current picture of the international strategy of Japanese firms, which will be both useful and informative for researchers, scholars and policy makers in international business, international economics, foreign investment, joint ventures and expatriate management.

This topical book interprets firms, governments and economic change from an entrepreneurial perspective. Essentially, it applies the Austrian theory of human agency and evolutionary theories of the firm to explain economic organisation, the state and institutional change. Tony Yu begins by discussing the nature of entrepreneurship and the firm followed by an analysis of the role of entrepreneurship in economic change. He thoroughly analyses the process of economic development in late industrialisers, within an entrepreneurial framework outlined within the book. The author argues that ordinary and extraordinary discovery are associated with routine or imitative entrepreneurship and Schumpetarian entrepreneurship respectively. Using this classification, the author shows how it is the interaction of various types of entrepreneurial activities that transformed East Asian latecomers such as Japan, Taiwan, South Korea, Singapore and Hong Kong from traditional agrarian and fishing economies into international centres of trading, service industries and finance. Firms, Governments and Economic Change will be of special interest to scholars of industrial economics, entrepreneurship and Asian studies. It will also be of use to governmental organisations responsible for economic development, as the analysis is thoroughly up to date easy to understand.

A new edition of the bestselling, comprehensive framework for understanding Asian branding strategies and Asian brands, including a user-friendly strategic model and examples of success stories and challenges. The author offers trusted insights, knowledge and perspectives supported by brand new research and case studies.

For three decades F.M. Scherer has been writing on questions of competition policy from multiple perspectives as a professional economist, consultant in numerous antitrust and international trade proceedings, and (for two years) chief economist of the US Federal Trade Commission. This volume collects 26 of his most important papers, both previously published and unpublished, on a broad array of competition policy issues. The papers address the historical antecedents and rationale of competition policy, the logic of market definition, the implications of pricing strategies pursued by enterprises with monopoly power, tradeoffs between competition goals and the attainment of static and dynamic efficiency, implementing effective remedies in merger and monopoly cases and the role of competition policy in an increasingly open world economy.

The growth in global competitiveness and interdependence has led to an increased interest in the role of industrial policy in achieving economic growth objectives. Heather Smith reignites the contentious debate of the role of the state using East Asian economic development in general with particular emphasis on Taiwan and Korea. Using quantitive techniques, the author analyses the view that industry policy interventions were a necessary factor explaining Taiwan's economic performance in the 1980s. Lessons for other countries attempting to upgrade their industrial structure are drawn from the comparative industrialisation experience of Taiwan and Korea, along with: * a comprehensive discussion of strategic industry policy with an application to East Asia. * discussion on the impact of the 1997-1998 financial crisis in Korea * a critique of the structuralist/revisionist literature in the light of the financial crisis. This highly topical study constitutes essential reading for governmental and non-governmental policymakers, business leaders and academics alike.

The world economy is near a critical crossroads, as a rising China, the greatest-ever beneficiary of US-led capitalism, dreams to replace America's supremacy as a new hegemonic power with a non-liberal world order. This third volume of the trilogy on reformulating the 'flying-geese' theory explains how capitalism has changed industrial structures across the world. It asks whether the 'flying-geese' formation will survive the changes that have produced the East Asian miracle, and - as hoped - spread to Africa.Terutomo Ozawa's reformulated 'flying-geese' theory explains structural changes as an innovation-driven, ratcheting-up process of economic growth and shows that market-driven multinational corporations are key players for a successful 'flying-geese' formation and structural transformation. The book argues that the 'ladder' of economic development must be conceived as a double-helix with inter- and intra-industry rungs, the latter embedding cross-border supply chains and adaptive innovations. A thorough exploration of the structural changes under Pax Britannica and Pax Americana - moving from 'kicking away the ladder' from emerging economies to then providing it - demonstrates that this trend engenders multinational corporations that can facilitate structural transformation, particularly in catching-up economies. Ozawa shows that China is now in the critical transitional period that requires more sophisticated institutional, socio-political setups, as well as more advanced knowledge and ethics to move from the lower to the higher rungs. This enlightening, accessible and timely conclusion to Ozawa's trilogy will be of great interest to many, particularly those specialising in international business, economics, political science, and international relations. Academics and practitioners alike will find this an invaluable resource.

Presenting a clear and instructive toolkit for upper level undergraduate and postgraduate students to successfully understand and analyse foreign operation methods, this revised second edition brings up to date its unparalleled coverage with new theoretical and empirical research and the latest company case material. As experts in the field, the authors share their wealth of international knowledge to give the book a strong cross-cultural appeal. New to this edition:? an extended analysis using new and relevant case studies for students to explore foreign operation methods in the full range of small, large and multinational firms updated strategic analyses of emerging concerns, such as mode combination, flexibility and development over time a thorough overview of theoretical perspectives to encourage better understanding of the 'why, what and how' of mode decisions an updated mode strategy section which allows you to challenge existing perspectives and research. Influenced by the needs of the next generation of international business, management and marketing students, this second edition provides the most comprehensive coverage of foreign operation methods in current literature, and will be an excellent introduction to the nature and range of mode options available to companies as they internationalise.

Cross-Cultural Management: Essential Concepts introduces readers to the fundamentals of cross-cultural management by exploring the influence of culture on interpersonal interactions in organizational settings and examining the ever-increasing number of cross-cultural challenges that global managers face in today's workplace. The Fourth Edition reflects the most current thinking on the topic and includes a series of new features including: Enhanced coverage of language issues, offering strategies for improving communication in multinational companies (Ch.6) New discussions about the relationship between immigration and international management (Ch. 11) Increased emphasis on understanding the mechanisms of cross-cultural interactions Best practices for transferring knowledge across cultures (Ch.9) Expanded coverage of cross-generational considerations (Ch.11) New and updated examples, statistics, discussion questions and references. The book is complemented by a companion website featuring a range of tools and resources for lecturers, including chapter-specific PowerPoint slides, and a Microsoft Word test bank containing multiple-choice, true/false, and open-ended questions for each chapter. Suitable reading for undergraduate and postgraduate students taking Change Management courses.

Multinational Firms and International Relocation addresses the impact of inward foreign direct investment on the host country and the extent to which it displaces jobs at home. Multinational firms in the United States, Japan and the European Union are focused on by a distinguished group of international business scholars who include Giovanni Balcet, Pierre-Andre Buigues, Wong Yu Ching, John H. Dunning, Edward M. Graham, F. Harianto, Thomas Hatzichronglou, Alexis Jacquemin, Terutomo Ozawa, E. Safarian, Philippe Saucier, Yoko Sazanami and Hideki Yamawaki. Issues addressed include European industrial relocations in low wage countries, US direct investments abroad, the strategies of Japanese multinationals, the impact of foreign investment on the domestic manufacturing industry of OECD countries, and multinationals and technology diffusion in South East Asia. International business scholars, business strategists and policy makers will welcome Multinational Firms and International Relocation for the combination of insights and analysis it offers on the strategies of multinational firms, the impacts of their relocation policies and the evolution of the delocalization debate.

Trade and investment liberalization in the Pacific has highlighted the importance of structural competitiveness for both corporate executives and national policymakers. In Structural Competitiveness in the Pacific, a distinguished group of authors contributes to our understanding of patterns of structural competitiveness affecting trade and production links between East Asia and North America. Interaction between national policies and corporate strategies has given East Asian states clear advantages over North American competitors. The place of the Pacific in the world economy, infrastructures and financial structures in the region, American and Japanese structural competitiveness, sourcing by Japanese and American multinationals in the Pacific, as well as structural interdependencies and the potential for collective management across the region are all addressed in this volume. Unlike previous comparative work addressing the decline in American competitiveness, Structural Competitiveness in the Pacific takes into account the significance of transnational production by international firms and places US problems in a regional comparative context which includes Japan and the industrializing East Asian states.

Foreign Direct Investment in Japan is the first serious and comprehensive examination of why the direct participation of foreign firms in the economy of Japan is lower than in any other advanced industrial nation. An internationally acclaimed group of scholars and practitioners addresses this problem and considers what policy actions, if any, the Japanese government can take to increase direct investment. Foreign exchange controls banned direct investment into Japan until the late 1970s and this is still partially responsible for the low penetration of foreign firms. A fundamental question addressed by the book is whether or not ownership advantages in technology and management know-how possessed by foreign firms are strong enough to overcome the extra costs of doing business in Japan. Such extra costs or locational disadvantages include very high land and labour costs as well as business practices unique to Japan, characterized by the long-term customized transaction relationship among assemblers, component suppliers, distributors and financial institutions and the long-time employment system. Although the Government of Japan desires to invite more foreign firms, this book demonstrates that there are many areas where direct investment has been adversely affected by internal regulation. Foreign Direct Investment in Japan explores this participation of foreign firms in this economy from the perspectives of economic theory, history, and the practical experiences of non-Japanese firms that have attempted to do business directly in Japan.

Trust is increasingly recognized as a crucial aspect of successful economic relationships, albeit a difficult one to define, and Mark Casson has been at the forefront of recent research in this area.Mark Casson pioneered the use of transaction cost theory to explain the boundaries of the multinational firm. In The Organization of International Business, he extends the internalization theory of the firm to encompass, on the one hand, inter-firm networking and, on the other, the internal organization and managerial structure of the firm. The key innovation is the distinction between information cost - the cost of gathering information on the assumption that it is true - and transaction cost - the cost of ensuring that the information actually is true. This innovation facilitates a synthesis of transaction cost analysis and organizational behaviour. It also provides new insights into the dynamics of internationalization, and the role of learning in the growth of the firm. The Organization of International Business is a major extension of international business theory which synthesizes transaction cost analysis and organizational behaviour. Although it focuses on international business and multinational enterprises, the analysis can be applied to a wide variety of business units. Together with its companion volume, Entrepreneurship and Business Culture, this topical and wide-ranging book offers a definitive analysis of the importance of trust in economic life as well as the related concepts of networking, consultation and empowerment.

Start-ups rarely survive their second birthday. Even established firms in the UK and the US average a life of only fifteen years. So how can your company build and sustain success for decades to come? Professor Alex Hill has conducted thirteen years of groundbreaking research into a clutch of organisations that have outperformed their peers for over 100 years - from NASA to the New Zealand All Blacks, from Eton College and the Royal College of Art to the Royal Marines and the Royal Shakespeare Company. And what he has found is that these very different organisations all share remarkably similar strategies when it comes to building and maintaining excellence and success - strategies that frequently fly in the face of conventional business wisdom. Here Professor Hill shares the twelve traits that have set these organisations apart for over a century, from the way they analyse success and failure to their approach to finding the best people and the brightest new ideas. In so doing, he identifies the strategies and habits that you can employ in your company to create a strong and stable core and to ensure the same long-term prosperity. In short, he shows you how to build a promising enterprise into an enduring, great organisation.

This report, first published in 1985, written by a distinguished group of legal and public policy experts, documents the growing trade in hazardous industries and toxic products. Hazard export threatens the health and environment of workers and ordinary citizens the world over. It is carried out by transnational corporations, in order to locate their most dangerous industrial activities outside the US, in countries where regulatory controls may be less strict. The issues represented here include occupational safety, environmental protection, international relations and problems of legal control. Attention is focused on the political and economic impact of hazard export on the US, Europe and developing countries, and the book's critical analysis is addressed directly to the institutional level best suited to constructive action. This title will be of interest to students of business studies.

Elgar Advanced Introductions are stimulating and thoughtful introductions to major fields in the social sciences and law, expertly written by the world's leading scholars. Designed to be accessible yet rigorous, they offer concise and lucid surveys of the substantive and policy issues associated with discrete subject areas. Globalisation impacts almost all aspects of life. It is often said that change is accelerating, and that the nation state is increasingly anachronistic. This book challenges that consensus, arguing that globalisation is neither an historic nor technological inevitability; rather, globalisation and technological change are as old as capitalism itself. Jonathan Michie makes the case for a new, more realistic approach to economics. He argues that the reduced power of national governments is a result of the free-market reforms of globalisation created in the 1980s era of Thatcher and Reagan, which led to the 2008 global financial crisis and recession. The free-market 'capitalism unleashed' form of globalisation is neither inevitable nor desirable - it is possible to develop a new global green deal for economic progress, being socially and environmentally sustainable. Michie demonstrates that capital has become unproductive with increased speculation and tax evasion, and that taxing wealth is necessary to create a new era of globally sustainable development. Key features include: in-depth coverage of globalisation written in a concise and accessible style disputes the consensus that globalisation is an historic or technological inevitability focus on current issues such as unproductive capital, a result of increased speculation, tax evasion and avoidance advocates policy proposals for global regulation, taxation and corporate diversity argues the need for a new global green deal for social and environmental sustainability and makes a clear case for an improved and more realistic approach to economics. The Advanced Introduction to Globalisation will be a challenging yet engaging read for policy makers, academics and advanced students of economics, management and business, politics and environmental studies. This book sets out an alternative worldview which will interest anyone concerned with our future global prospects.

Renowned professors Frank Horwitz and Pawan Budhwar have assembled a group of distinguished scholars from all over the world to contribute to the Handbook of Human Resource Management in Emerging Markets. The Handbook provides a comprehensive and well-researched overview of a topic area of increasing importance. Regardless of whether you are a student or a practicing manager, this volume will provide you with insights into a broad range of human resource management issues in emerging markets.' - Ingmar Bjoerkman, Aalto University School of Business, Finland'In light of the growing economic power of emerging markets, Horwitz and Budhwar's edited book of readings on human resource management in these countries is both timely and topical. A must read for all practitioners and researchers who seek to gain a better understanding of a comprehensive range of topics/issues pertaining to human resource management in these markets.' - Rosalie L. Tung, The Ming & Stella Wong Professor of International Business, Simon Fraser University, Canada 'The editors and contributors are leading authorities; they offer us fundamental insights into HRM in an increasingly important range of countries. This Handbook is essential for all of those interested in emerging markets.- Professor Greg Bamber, Monash University, Australia; co-editor, International & Comparative Employment Relations The economic growth of emerging markets has been unparalleled in recent history, accounting for 50 per cent of global economic output. Despite this reality, this much-needed Handbook is the first contemporary book on human resource management (HRM) research and practice in emerging markets. World-leading emerging markets scholars, Frank Horwitz and Pawan Budhwar, bring together a diverse set of key HRM themes, including talent management, global careers and employee engagement, in contributions from 40 leading experts from across the world. Wide-ranging and path-breaking, this Handbook addresses thematic issues of rapid growth, diversity, complexity and volatility in emerging market environments at a global level. Based on leading-edge research and practice in more than 20 emerging markets, this book explores the remarkable intricacy of emerging markets, their differing socio-economic and political trajectories as well as the exciting and challenging critical policy and human resource practice choices that these create. The editors' strategic aim is to identify future HRM challenges and how these are addressed, particularly by rapidly growing multinational companies (MNCs) from emerging markets as well as by MNCs investing directly in these markets. Horwitz and Budhwar's unique collection will appeal to students, scholars and policymakers interested in international and comparative HRM, employment relations and business. Contributors include: A. Ardichvili, B. Arora, S.E. Beijer, J. Bonache, C. Brewster, D.R. Briscoe, J. Briscoe, P. Budhwar, F.L. Cooke, M. Cseh, A. Davila, Y.A. Debrah, M. Dickmann, K.M. Dirani, F. du Plessis, Y. du Plessis, F.Y.A. Ellis, M.M. Elvira, E. Farndale, J. Gammelgaard, R. Haq, F. Horwitz, T. Jackson, C. Kelliher, S.E. Khilji, R. Kumar, W. Mayrhofer, A. McDonnell, M.J. Morley, S.M. Nkomo, N. Nyathi, R.B. Nyuur, E. Parry, C. Paz-Aparicio, H. Ruel, R.S. Schuler, H. Scullion, Y. Shen, S. Singh, A. Skuza, V. Srinivasan, J. Storey, M. Thite, J. Unite, A. Varma, G. Wood, E. Zavyalova

'In this book, Klaus Schwab and the World Economic Forum contribute significantly to one of the most important issues of our time - how to move forward in the Fourth Industrial Revolution' Jack Ma, Executive Chairman, Alibaba Group Holding, People's Republic of China 'It's no secret that technologies are reshaping the world's economies and societies. To manage the risks and spread the benefits, we have to act now, and in the interest of stakeholders everywhere' Andrew McAfee, Co-Founder, MIT Initiative on the Digital Economy, MIT, USA We are on the brink of the Fourth Industrial Revolution. And this one will be unlike any other in human history. Characterized by new technologies fusing the physical, digital and biological worlds, the Fourth Industrial Revolution will impact all disciplines, economies and industries - and it will do so at an unprecedented rate. World Economic Forum data predicts that by 2025 we will see: commercial use of nanomaterials 200 times stronger than steel and a million times thinner than human hair; the first transplant of a 3D-printed liver; 10% of all cars on US roads being driverless; and much more besides. In The Fourth Industrial Revolution, Schwab outlines the key technologies driving this revolution, discusses the major impacts on governments, businesses, civil society and individuals, and offers bold ideas for what can be done to shape a better future for all. 'The technologies of the Fourth Industrial Revolution are extraordinary. Leadership has to be equally extraordinary to manage the complexities of systemic change' Eric Schmidt, Technical Advisor, Alphabet, USA

For courses in international business. A study of international business through integrated theory and practice Balancing authoritative theory and meaningful practice, International Business: Environments and Operations engages students on the subject of conducting business in international markets. The authors' descriptions and ideas of international business are enhanced with contemporary examples, scenarios, and cases that help students effectively apply what they've learned. Now in its 17th Edition, International Business remains one of the best-selling and most authoritative international business texts available. As rigorous and practical as ever, this edition remains current through updated author-written cases and expanded coverage of relevant political, economic, social, and institutional changes.

Analyzing the role of multinational investors in emerging Asian economies and the implications for regional economic integration, this astute study examines the increasing role being played by Asian countries in the global economy.Encompassing a large number of diverse manufacturing and service sectors, this book highlights the cultural and strategic challenges faced by multinational investors in the region in which they invest. It shows that despite high rates of economic growth in Asian countries presenting multinational traders and investors with unparalleled market opportunities, there have been only tentative moves towards regional economic integration. Areas such as trade facilitation, uniform customs clearance, removal of non-tariff barriers and labour deployment issues are yet to be adequately addressed. Multifaceted and multidimensional in approach, Emerging Asian Economies and MNCs Strategies will appeal to students and scholars of Asian economies and business management in the region. Its presentation of the sociopolitical and investment environment will also prove invaluable in informing business investors targeting southeast Asian markets. Contributors include: B. Andreosso-O'Callaghan, N. Callinan, C. Dathe, S. Dzever, W. Feng, B. Gupta, J. Jaussaud, J.-L. Mucchielli, F. Nicolas, R. Taylor, U. Uprasen, W. Wei, P. Yu, G. Zhao, B. Zolin

Business in Contemporary China offers a compilation of the best and most relevant articles on Chinese business for use in the classroom or the boardroom. Covering political, economic, and environmental factors, as well as the impact of technological advancements on Asian business, the book provides a well-rounded picture of Chinese enterprise. Philips and Kim select only the most recent relevant articles, arranged topically with an introduction to each chapter to contextualize and position the content. To further enhance its teaching value, each chapter also includes: A "perspectives" opener offering the opinion of a top academic on the topic at hand; Practical application exercises and review questions to test the reader's knowledge and understanding; Discussion questions to stimulate further analysis; Suggested topics for classroom debate; and Bibliographic suggestions for future research. Covering both private and public sector topics, this will be a valuable resource for any student of international business, cross-cultural management, or strategy, especially for those interested in business in Asia or China.

This book gives insights into sustainable development and how MNEs and other enterprises are responding to this in their business models. It places special emphasis on the Indian story and, at the same time, tries to explore alternative business models from other parts of the world (such as Africa) that can ensure sustainable development globally. Taking a balanced and multidimensional approach, this book discusses a wide range of literature, opinions, empirical models and case studies, dealing with complex dimensions of the thematic issues.' - Paul Shrivastava, Executive Director of Future EarthEconomic development that meets the needs of the global population without jeopardizing the capacity of future generations is a worldwide challenge for Multinational Enterprises (MNEs). They are expected to balance their role as global economic actors and environmental stewards in the environment in which they operate. Contributors from India, Europe and the United States offer new perspectives, contrasting US, European and emerging economies' approaches to sustainability and how they can generate roadmaps which yield innovative solutions for one of the most contentious issues of our era. Their review suggests that the differential performance across developed and emerging economies has exposed potential weaknesses. Emerging Dynamics of Sustainability in Multinational Enterprises promotes greater emphasis on experimenting with unique local and sustainable approaches to solving problems faced by firms in, or from, emerging economies. This is a critical resource for researchers, practitioners and policy-makers concerned with sustainable development issues, and a fresh reference for graduate-level students and academics focusing on corporate governance, sustainable development and ethics as well as multinational enterprise management. Contributors: M. Bansal , N. Bhasin, J. Effiong, C. Gendron, B. Girard, P. Goel, D. Griffith, R. Guimaraes, T. Houe, S. Ivanaj, S.K. Jain, V. Jain, R.N. Kar, A. Kaur, Y. Kebede, J.R. McIntyre, Minakshi, K.V. Bhanu Murthy, G.A. Raikar, K.N. Schmidt, K. Sharma, K. Sorsa, G. Suder, A.K. Swain, S. Varma, N.H. Vaz

This innovative textbook applies a practical and engaging approach to the rapidly evolving field of international management. Students will learn the many complexities that managers must address when making decisions in the global marketplace. Covering a range of leadership challenges, including environmental change, social responsibility, global strategies, communication organizational change and human resources. International Management identifies the responsibilities and obligations of managers in the age of globalization. Key features include: Critical chapters on global corporate governance, corporate compliance and global environmental issues, which invite students to consider some of the ways in which global businesses affect the world around us Thirteen global case studies exploring the mechanisms of some of the world's leading business performers, including Patek Philippe, Nestle, Adidas, Bombardier and the BBC, giving students the opportunity to further their understanding by identifying theory in practice Comprehensive opening vignettes framing each case study to facilitate classroom discussion. This is an ideal core textbook for use in undergraduate international management courses as well as an introductory text at postgraduate level. It also offers supplementary reading for strategic management or general management classes.

Doing business in Europe is increasingly becoming an everyday reality for many companies, not only large corporations, but also small and medium-sized enterprises. European Business Environment offers students a practical introduction to how to create, manage and develop business opportunities in the European Union. Taking a multidisciplinary approach to doing business in the EU, this textbook focuses on the European dimensions of economics, marketing and law. With case studies presented throughout the book, the relationship between business and the political institutions, policies and regulations of the European Union are explored. This is an essential introductory textbook for students at both undergraduate and graduate levels in a wide range of degree and professional programmes, including Economics, MBA, Law and Marketing. It is of particular relevance to students interested in the European context of these disciplines and can be used as a core textbook for courses in European Integration or Business and International Environment in Europe and other parts of the world.