This definitive Research Handbook explores the restructuring strategies of globalised firms, bringing together a wide range of topics from export exit, subsidiary divestment and market re-entry to relocation, offshoring and backshoring. Contributors from diverse fields including marketing, entrepreneurship, strategic management and economics provide a multi-dimensional methodological approach to the analysis of exit. They consider exit both in terms of export markets and foreign direct investment, and in terms of subsequent re-entry in the same markets as well as relocation to other countries. Taking a global view, chapters, which take the shape of literature reviews, conceptual works and qualitative and quantitative studies, represent diverse regions and country contexts, such as China, the EU, Norway, Russia and the US. Providing an overview of international divestments and their associated phenomena of relocation and re-entry, the book concludes by presenting avenues for further research. Drawing together conceptual works, case studies, quantitative studies, bibliometric analysis and meta-analysis, this timely Research Handbook will be a valuable resource for researchers and students of international business. Its use of empirical case studies will also be valuable for business practitioners interested in international divestment and export exit.

This book traces the history of India's progress since its independence in 1947 and advances strategies for continuing economic growth. Insiders and outsiders that have criticized India for slow economic growth fail to recognize all it has achieved in the last seven decades, including handling the migration of over 8 million people from Pakistan, integrating over 600 princely states into the union, managing a multi-language population into one nation and resolving the food problem. The end result is a democratic country with a strong institutional foundation. Following the growth strategies outlined in the book and with a strong leadership, India has the potential to stand out as the third largest economy in the world in the next 25 to 30 years. Subhash Jain and Ben Kedia delve into India's development and emergence as an economic power, one of the three countries that can make its own supercomputers, one of the six countries that can launch satellites and that has the second largest small car market in the world. They discuss its need for innovative initiatives and top leadership to pursue an agenda of economic growth, and monitored policies to encourage entrepreneurship at all levels. With an emphasis on the new leadership of Prime Minister Modi, the book identifies policies that need to be adopted to make India s future bright and prosperous. This book is a critical resource for students and scholars interested in India and invested in its progress, as well as policymakers, government officials and corporations considering India as a place to expand and do business.

A comprehensive analysis of how the large corporation has impacted national and global governance. Wilks has made an important contribution to the literature on the changing political and social role of business in contemporary capitalist polities.' - David Vogel, University of California, US'Observers are increasingly realizing that that the large corporation has become one of the main institutions that govern our lives; the market economy, which in principle prevents corporations from possessing political power, today endows them with that power. Stephen Wilks here traces the extraordinarily important implications of this fact, and makes some sober proposals for tackling the problems it creates for democracy. Others have noted this phenomenon; here at last is a thorough study of it - detailed enough to satisfy the standards of social science; worrying enough to command the concern of policy makers; and written in an approachable style to attract the general reader.' - Colin Crouch, University of Warwick, UK 'This is a book that needed to be written and Stephen Wilks has the academic understanding and breadth of practical experience to accomplish the task with authority and conviction. This is an important book, not only because it helps to fill a gap in a still under developed literature on the political role of the modern corporation, but because it raises important and disturbing questions about contemporary democracy.' - Wyn Grant, University of Warwick, UK The large business corporation has become a governing institution in national and global politics. This trail-blazing book offers a critical account of its political dominance and lack of democratic legitimacy. Thanks to successful wealth generation and ideological victories the large business corporation has become an effective political actor and has entered into partnership with government in the design of public policy and delivery of public services. Stephen Wilks argues that governmental and corporate elites have transformed British politics to create a 'new corporate state' with similar patterns in the USA, in competitor economies - including China - and in global governance. The argument embraces multinational corporations, corporate social responsibility, corporate governance and the inequality generated by corporate dominance. The crucial analysis presented in this ground-breaking book will prove invaluable for academics, researchers and both under- and postgraduate students with an interest in the role of the corporation in politics and society across a wide range of fields including business and management (business ethics), politics, political economy, sociology, corporate governance and strategy. Contents: Preface 1. The Genesis of a Governing Institution 2. The Corporation as a Political Actor 3. Globalisation and the Enhanced Power of Multinational Corporations 4. Corporate Power in the UK: The Rise of the Corporate Elite 5. The Politics of the New Corporate State 6. Partnership and Policy in Britain s New Corporate State 7. Multinational Corporations as Partners in Global Governance 8. Corporations, Culture and Accountability 9. How Persuasive is Corporate Social Responsibility? 10. The Explosion of Interest in Corporate Governance 11. Conclusion: Fairy-tales, Facts, Foci and Futures Bibliography Index

The COVID-19 pandemic has adversely affected global trade. While factories have stopped production worldwide due to COVID-19, global trade has also been adversely affected by the pandemic. The international trade of the world's top exporting countries has begun to decline. Although it is too early to judge the impact of the pandemic on world trade, as the virus has not yet been eradicated, research into the cause-effect relationship between these two phenomena is necessary to understand the magnitude of its impact as well as possible solutions to the problem. The Transformation of Global Trade in a New World provides relevant theoretical frameworks and the latest findings in the field of international business and internationalization. It addresses the asymmetric impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on international trade and the methods of entry into foreign markets together with the future prospects of global trade in an era of globalization. Covering topics such as economic crisis, green finance, and labor force sustainability, this premier reference source is an excellent resource for business leaders and executives, economists, logistics professionals, sociologists, students and faculty of higher education, librarians, researchers, and academicians.

What I like most about Strategic Challenges for the Base of the Pyramid is the authors' clear understanding of what we have already learned about the BoP domain and their subsequent focus on creating new knowledge. The chapters in this book provide important insights into several important topics in the BoP domain, including trust, innovation, and scale. Congratulations to Patrick Vermeulen, Edgar Hutte and their colleagues in putting together this book.' - Ted London, William Davidson Institute and Ross School of Business at the University of Michigan, USThis pioneering book addresses some of the key challenges that firms encounter when they enter low-income markets and offers solutions - based on empirical evidence - for those firms already operating in such a difficult arena. The Base of the Pyramid (BoP) has become a popular area for firms to search for new business potential. However, serving the BoP requires a fundamentally different approach to doing business and presents a new and unique set of organizational challenges. In this book, Patrick Vermeulen and Edgar Hutte discuss some of the key challenges firms are confronted with when operating in BoP markets. Based on empirical evidence from various companies across the globe, the authors provide valuable insights into how firms can deal with these challenges. With the rapid growth of developing countries, Western firms should be more aware of the potential problems when entering these markets; this book will help those making the crucial choices necessary to resolve these issues. This book will appeal to academics and students in international business or business administration. It will also prove an essential resource for practitioners that are active in, or are considering moving into, low-income markets. Contents: 1. Introduction 2. The Base of the Pyramid 3. Cross-sector Collaborations at the Base of the Pyramid 4. Building Trust at the Base of the Pyramid 5. Innovation at the Base of the Pyramid 6. Scaling Challenges at the Base of the Pyramid 7. Next steps in Base-of-the Pyramid Research and Practice Index

This comprehensive yet accessible textbook provides readers with an advanced and applied approach to traditional international business that integrates key cross-cultural management topics. Its ten chapters give profound insights into analysing, selecting and entering international markets, strategic partnerships, strategic positioning, global value chains, organizational designs, intercultural interaction, leadership and motivation and international human resources management. For each of these topics, advanced and contemporary theoretical and analytical frameworks are discussed and translated into toolsets that will assist readers in solving practical challenges. Key Features: A strong connection of theoretical foundations with illustrative case studies Integration of current trends and challenges, such as intercultural competence, migration and digitalization, offshoring and global value chains Comprehensive practical examples from multinational firms that demonstrate the value of the frameworks and toolsets included in each chapter An integrative case study that picks up key practical challenges in each chapter and invites the reader to apply theories, frameworks and toolsets A supplementary website that provides multiple materials for furthering readers' knowledge, including toolsets, further cases and exercises, accompanying videos, quizzes, and presentation slides International Business Strategy and Cross-Cultural Management is a key resource for postgraduate courses on international business management, globalization and entrepreneurship, international human resource management and global marketing. It will also serve as a complementary text for lecturers and students involved in the X-Culture project.

Taking a realist approach, this insightful book looks at the forces shaping the evolution of global infrastructure networks. As the international economy globalises, there is an emergent need for national systems to adapt and integrate to form a global system. The authors expose the move to interconnect state infrastructures as a strategy to support and enhance states' territoriality. Examined through the lens of economic infrastructure (including transport, energy and information) this book addresses the forces of integration and fragmentation in the development of global networks. The significant impact of globalisation on infrastructure adaptation is especially highlighted, as well as the key limitations hindering development. Global Infrastructure Networks will be of great interest to academics and graduate students of geography, political economy and public policy. International policy makers will also find this a compelling read, as it identifies the benefits and limitations of upcoming developments in global infrastructure.

This impressive Handbook provides a dynamic perspective on the international entrepreneurial strategies of SMEs, including the role and experience of their founders, as well as the collaboration of these SMEs in networks with larger firms. The expert contributors from all over the world and the editors explore the origin and evolution of internationalizing SMEs, the changing history and the future outlook of this sector. They study the effects of different cultures on the origin and growth of entrepreneurship and SMEs. The Handbook also outlines the various types of Born Globals that emerge from different parts of the world. This book will prove essential reading for researchers and students of international business, entrepreneurship and SMEs. Founders of internationalizing SMEs will also learn about novel management practices, while educational institutions and governments will find invaluable insights on how to foster and support SMEs in their internationalization efforts. Contributors: P. Belyo, F. Celikel Esser, N.F. Crespo, K. Efrat, M. Fontes, S. Freeman, M. Gabrielsson, P. Gabrielsson, V.V. Geldres, G. Gripsrud, B. Hagen, A. Hunneman, S.H. Jang, M.V. Jones, S. Julkunen, J.S. Kim, S. Kimiagari, O. Kuivalainen, M. Lazaris, L.C. Leonidou, N. Li, I. Mandl, I. Martins, I. Molnar, B. Montreuil, N.E.M. Ngasri, A.Z. Nowak, J. Ohn, K. Puumalainen, M. Raatikainen, A. Rialp-Criado, S. Saarenketo, S. Samiee, R. Shneor, V.C. Simoes, C.A. Solberg, M.C. Stoian, L. Torkkeli, Y. Vaillant, A. Zucchella

Collaborative Strategy enables you to move past thinking about alliances based on hunches and move toward real empirical insight into the use, creation, and management of successful alliances. It is a comprehensive review of the current cutting-edge thinking about alliances, which are becoming such an increasingly pervasive part of both private and public industry. Whether you are contemplating a new equity joint venture, entry into a new market, or reassessing your current alliance portfolio you'll find this book full of useful insights into what it takes to succeed at the alliance game. One of the most comprehensive looks at alliances I've seen, delivered succinctly and organized to be easily navigated.' - Russ Buchanan, Xerox Corporation 'Alliances and networks present a broad range of challenges as well as opportunities for executives. Academics have studied these relationships from various disciplinary perspectives while employing diverse research methodologies. This volume unpacks this breadth and complexity, and covers many of the cutting-edge research questions in the field. The contributors are the ''Who's Who'' of the top scholars in the field. The volume is particularly valuable to scholars as well as students who are new to the area, and seek concise and insightful summaries of the many different streams of research on alliances and networks.' - Riitta Katila, Stanford University 'For managers forming or having formed partnerships with other institutions, this is a must read. Collaborative Strategy reveals what we are doing and why, and how we can do it better, in a seldom-achieved style that addresses the complexity of the academic debate whilst presenting key implications for practitioners.' - Andreas Moosdorf, Pan-European Processes, Amazon This book provides approachable and insightful chapters that summarize state-of-the-art thinking and research on alliances and networks. Contributions by leading scholars cover foundations or fundamentals as well as frontier areas through a diverse range of perspectives. Topics include: the theoretical foundations of collaborative strategy firms' partner selection and investment decisions contractual foundations of collaboration relational and behavioral aspects of collaboration, networks and portfolios novel collaborative relationships such as ecosystems and public-private partnerships, and the consequences of inter-organizational collaborations. For doctoral and masters students, as well as managers new to the area of collaborative strategy, this collection provides concise chapters and literature reviews that make it an invaluable resource. Business practitioners and consultants who want to learn about this area and the underlying theory will also find this book a useful reference. Contributors: A. Arino, B. Arslan, N. Asgari, R.P. Bremner, S.M. Bruhs, C. Butter, S. Cabral, L. Capron, T. Chi, J. Choi, F.J. Contractor, Y. Doz, P. Dussauge, J. Dyer, K.M. Eisenhardt, D.W. Elfenbein, A. Gambardella, F. Habasche, J. Hagedoorn, D.P. Hannah, K.R. Harrigan, W. Hesterly, M.A. Hitt, W.H. Hoffmann, P. Kale, A. Keller, I. Kivleniece, T. Kretschmer, D. Lavie, S. Lazzarini, D. Li, J. Li, R. Madhavan, X. Martin, O.J. Martinez, K.J. Mayer, T. Mellewigt, L.F. Mesquita, W. Mitchell, K. Neumann, T. Nguyen, J.E. Oxley, C. Panico, L. Poppo, J. Prescott, B.V. Quelin, R. Ragozzino, J.J. Reuer, M. Rivera-Santos, A. Seth, B.S. Silverman, H. Singh, K. Singh, I. Stern, M. Stienstra, M. Sytch, S. Tallman, B.S. Vanneste, F. Wohlgezogen, X. Zhe, M. Zollo

Over the past few decades, alliance and networks have been generally examined individually. This Handbook sheds new light on this research by combining the two topics and focuses on highlighting their similarities. The expert contributors discuss topics surrounding the state-of-the-art in alliance and network research such as organizing opportunities in international entrepreneurship; transaction costs in alliances and joint ventures; diaspora networks; and national culture and international alliances. They go on to look at conceptual developments relating to born globals; subsidiary performance; internationalisation; and knowledge transfer and organisational learning. Finally, they present empirical evidence of international alliances and networks. They combine diverse types of studies including literature reviews, conceptual papers and empirical studies in order to provide the reader with a comprehensive understanding of the topic. Researchers with an interest in joint ventures and alliance and networks, along with students and academics of international business will find this book to be a valuable resource. Contributors: S. Andersson, U. Andersson, A. Arslan, G.B. Awuah, P Ekman, M. Elo, C. Erixon, N. Evers, P.N. Ghauri, M. Hilmersson, M. Hsia-Wen Ho, M. Johanson, V. Kaartemo, J. Larimo, C. Lopez-Duarte, H. Lundberg, T. Mainela, H. Makkonen, M. Marinov, S.T. Marinova, L.-G. Mattsson, H. Merchant, K.E. Meyer, N. Mirc, N. Nummela, R. Olkkonen, U.F. Ott, S. Papaioannou, E. Pernu, V. Puhakka, P.A. Ryan, S. Saarenketo, A. Salmi, P. Servais, A. Smith, A. Thyr, L. Torkkeli, P. Very, M.M. Vidal-Suarez, Y. Wang

International trade is a key dimension of the world economy, it is a critical factor in raising living standards, increasing employment, and providing a larger variety of goods to consumers around the world. Despite the strong focus that international trade research has received in theoretical terms, the empirical aspects of trade are less clear and justify further research. In this context, it is essential for studies to focus on shedding light on the most important methods used to evaluate the multiple dimensions of trade within this international context. Trade has a myriad of direct and indirect effects, therefore touching several fields of research, including economics, management, finance, international relations, political science, and sociology, which makes it essential to explore. The Handbook of Research on the Empirical Aspects of Strategic Trade Negotiations and Management provides a systematic overview of the latest trends in the empirical analysis of trade from international perspectives. It provides a survey on the methods used to evaluate a specific topic in international trade, enhance knowledge about the multiple facets of international trade around the world, and grant in-depth surveys of previous empirical findings on specific topics in international trade. Important topics covered within this book include trade diversification, regional centrality, ethical pricing, globalization, cultural impacts, and open economies. This book is a valuable reference tool for government officials, policy makers, managers, executives, economists, practitioners, stakeholders, researchers, academicians, and students.

The Research Handbook on Export Marketing provides a wealth of vital knowledge from scholars who are experts in their fields from around the world. The book emphasizes the most topical issues in international marketing today - small and medium enterprises, exporting performance, the services sector, new products, and dynamic capabilities. The articles are well written and informative. The volume makes an excellent contribution to this important literature.' - Gary Knight, Willamette University, USThere has been a proliferation of research published in the area of export marketing in the last four decades. As research output has grown, some previous research has noted that poor conceptualization of performance measures can produce weak theoretical foundations that may eventually become irrelevant in practice. This Handbook aims to inject rigor into this debate and will act as a starting point for future research on export marketing. The Research Handbook on Export Marketing profiles the following main theoretical frameworks used in export marketing: contingency theory; the eclectic paradigm; industrial organization theory; resource-based theories; relational exchange theory; internationalization process theory; network theory; agency theory and transaction cost economics. The different measures of export marketing performance cited in the literature, together with the nature of the relationships between antecedent variables and dependent variables of export marketing performance, are also examined. With expert contributions, this book outlines the development of export marketing theory from its inception to the current day and explores the utility of export marketing theory in assessing export marketing performance. Giving prominence to theoretical approaches in export marketing, this book will provide a necessary reference point for academics and students alike researching export marketing. Practitioners engaged in the pursuit of export management will also benefit from this insight. Contributors include: Y. Ali, M. Amin, S. Arora, Y. Asseraf, B. Aykol, V. Bamiatzi, D.L. Dean, F. Durrieu, I. Ferreira, J. Heyl, A. Hinterhuber, C.C. Julian, E.T. Kahiya, I. Kardes, O.T. Koc, L.C. Leonidou, L.-Y. Li, S.M. Liozu, J. Liu, T.K. Madsen, G.O. Ogunmokun, J.C. Pinho, S. Rezaei, Md. A. Saleh, S. Samiee, A. K. Shamsuddoha, A. Shoham, C.A. Solberg, A.A. C. Teixeira

We live in a global economy in which over one quarter of the world's recorded output is exported, where a change in business practice in Beijing can have a direct impact on a workforce in Birmingham, and where support to a customer in Detroit can be provided from Delhi. This book provides a clear and concise introduction to this most interdisciplinary of subjects, explaining in straightforward language the economic and financial underpinnings of international business, and the more subtle organisational and cultural issues increasingly crucial to business success. The managerial challenges which face organisations of all types and sizes, no matter where they are located, are reviewed and explored.