Foreign Direct Investment in Japan is the first serious and comprehensive examination of why the direct participation of foreign firms in the economy of Japan is lower than in any other advanced industrial nation. An internationally acclaimed group of scholars and practitioners addresses this problem and considers what policy actions, if any, the Japanese government can take to increase direct investment. Foreign exchange controls banned direct investment into Japan until the late 1970s and this is still partially responsible for the low penetration of foreign firms. A fundamental question addressed by the book is whether or not ownership advantages in technology and management know-how possessed by foreign firms are strong enough to overcome the extra costs of doing business in Japan. Such extra costs or locational disadvantages include very high land and labour costs as well as business practices unique to Japan, characterized by the long-term customized transaction relationship among assemblers, component suppliers, distributors and financial institutions and the long-time employment system. Although the Government of Japan desires to invite more foreign firms, this book demonstrates that there are many areas where direct investment has been adversely affected by internal regulation. Foreign Direct Investment in Japan explores this participation of foreign firms in this economy from the perspectives of economic theory, history, and the practical experiences of non-Japanese firms that have attempted to do business directly in Japan.

Fostering inclusive green growth in Africa means addressing existing and emerging development challenges, while efficiently managing Africa's natural capital and building resilience to environmental, social and economic risks. Although this new paradigm for development has the potential to create tremendous business opportunities, there are also challenges. This book provides empirical evidence on the conditions for the emergence of green businesses in Africa. It includes 13 case studies, which identify the determinants of small and medium-size enterprises' engagement in inclusive and sustainable growth in rural Africa, and the factors that hinder eco-innovation in business and entrepreneurial activities. Furthermore it discusses appropriate regulations and policies to stimulate the development of green business in Africa. Offering insights into the relationship between eco-innovation, labor productivity and business competitiveness in rural Africa, this book appeals to scholars, policy makers and practitioners interested in a green economy for Africa.

This Palgrave Pivot provides an introduction to the economy and business environment of Vietnam, a member of the ASEAN Economic Community whose economy is rapidly growing. The introduction argues that though there may be perceived disadvantages in investing in Vietnam, there are a number of benefits as well, such as the country's openness to trade and foreign direct investment, the increasing ease of doing business there and the dynamism of the economy. The book then provides an overview of Vietnam's economic policy since 1975, covering reunification, attempts at a command economy, and finally renovation under Doi Moi Policy. Further chapters cover the expansion of the private sector, interest in foreign investment, and the peculiarities of marketing and finance in Vietnam. As an edited volume with chapters written by Vietnamese scholars across economics, history, and business, this book is critical reading for researchers studying Vietnam and other Asian economies and for businesses interested in expanding into that market.

Trust is increasingly recognized as a crucial aspect of successful economic relationships, albeit a difficult one to define, and Mark Casson has been at the forefront of recent research in this area.Mark Casson pioneered the use of transaction cost theory to explain the boundaries of the multinational firm. In The Organization of International Business, he extends the internalization theory of the firm to encompass, on the one hand, inter-firm networking and, on the other, the internal organization and managerial structure of the firm. The key innovation is the distinction between information cost - the cost of gathering information on the assumption that it is true - and transaction cost - the cost of ensuring that the information actually is true. This innovation facilitates a synthesis of transaction cost analysis and organizational behaviour. It also provides new insights into the dynamics of internationalization, and the role of learning in the growth of the firm. The Organization of International Business is a major extension of international business theory which synthesizes transaction cost analysis and organizational behaviour. Although it focuses on international business and multinational enterprises, the analysis can be applied to a wide variety of business units. Together with its companion volume, Entrepreneurship and Business Culture, this topical and wide-ranging book offers a definitive analysis of the importance of trust in economic life as well as the related concepts of networking, consultation and empowerment.

This book describes how international negotiations can be conducted in a structured, professional and effective manner. It also offers recommendations based on examples of successful negotiations from both economically leading countries such as the USA, China and Japan, as well as smaller countries such as the Netherlands, Israel and Morocco. Providing practically relevant experiences from middle and top management positions in different business sectors, the contributors focus on all elements of negotiations, spanning from preparation, execution, strategies and tactics to non-verbal communication and psychological factors. Moreover, the chapters offer detailed introductions to more than 25 countries around the globe, which can be used as a reference guide to doing business in the specific contexts.

How do firms from emerging economies strive for the internationalization of their business? This comprehensive two-volume collection tackles this question by taking a closer look at underexplored issues, including bottom of the pyramid (BoP) business models, value creation and co-creation, employee commitment and the 'born global' concept. Volume II examines internationalization from the perspective of European and African firms. It covers an array of pressing issues within Europe including responsible business practices between SMEs from developed and emerging countries, and the impact of psychic distance, while coverage of African firms places a spotlight on under-researched countries such as Tanzania, Zambia and Nigeria. Providing further examination of emerging markets and internationalization processes, this second volume offers a comprehensive guide for all researchers of international business.

Despite being the third largest economy in Southeast Asia, Malaysian entrepreneurial activity is under-reported in the scholarly literature. This book extends such research by examining the impact of entrepreneurship on its economy and evaluating the existing systemic problems. The Malaysian economy has benefited from the density of knowledge-based businesses and utilization of the latest technologies in the manufacturing and digital economies. However, Malaysia faces ongoing challenges, namely concentration of wealth in the city, high regional unemployment and workplace gender inequality. In regional areas, there is an over-reliance on agriculture and necessity based entrepreneurship. Consequently, entrepreneurial activity has been encouraged with the creation of eco-systems, seed corn funding and provision of entrepreneurship education to offer entrepreneurial career choices. Providing recommendations and best practice for driving entrepreneurship and entrepreneurial behaviours, this contributed volume presents the first opportunity to reflect on both the success stories and systemic problems related to effective entrepreneurial behaviour in a South East Asian context.

This is the first book to comprehensively examine NGOs as institutional players in the formulation of public policy and the implementation of corporate strategy. The delicate balance between governments and the private sector in managing globalization and influencing broader societal interests is also explored.

Globalization has seismically shifted the relative balance of power between governments and corporations. The influence of NGOs--nongovernmental organizations--on business, government, and society has increased dramatically in recent years, yet their role in the process and outcome of the globalization debate calls for further examination. This is the first book to comprehensively examine NGOs as institutional players in the formulation of public policy and the implementation of corporate strategy. The delicate balance between governments and the private sector in managing globalization and influencing broader societal interests is also explored.

Winner of the 2020 R. Wayne Pace HRD Book of the Year Award, this edited book covers major trends, notable distinctions, and the challenges and needs for preparing future HRD activities in South Korea. It consists of three major sections: national and social issues of HRD, sector perspectives on HRD, and contemporary issues and trends. To cover contemporary trends and future issues, authors examine topics in diverse areas, such as the application of data analytics for HRD, action learning trends, and psychological and work climate issues affecting performance. Through theory and cases, this book will show how HRD can be successful at the organizational, industrial, and societal levels as well as the future needs required to further advance HRD in the nation.

How do firms from emerging economies strive for the internationalization of their business? This comprehensive two-volume collection tackles this question by taking a closer look at underexplored issues, including bottom of the pyramid (BoP) business models, value creation and co-creation, employee commitment and the 'born global' concept. Taking both a geographic and thematic approach to the topic, the first volume addresses universal challenges such as inclusive innovation, the ethics of corporate leadership, and knowledge management, and also places a special emphasis on China. Providing an overview of the strategies and operations involved in internationalizing Chinese firms, this book is an essential read for those researching emerging markets and globalization in general, as well as Asian Business more specifically.

Consider Africa--not with pre-established mindsets, unexamined assumptions, and bland generalizations--but for what Africa actually is: a setting in which marketers can gather new ideas and test old ones and perhaps emerge with a more varied, certain sense of what the marketing enterprise itself, is all about. Nwankwo, Aiyeku, and their contributing authors, all specialists with a remarkably wide range of experience and viewpoints, uncover the unexpected factors that they are certain will determine the success of selling just about any product or service to established or developing African nations. Original, eclectic, and agenda-setting, their book provides a startling insight into the dynamics of marketing in this fascinating region of the world as it continues to initiate the new macroeconomic and political reforms that are transforming the African continent into an important player on the international business scene.

Nwankwo and Aiyeku see their book as a welcome attempt to identify and explore the institutional processes in which not only the study but also the practice of marketing is embedded. They work with three main themes: the processual issues, including theory development and the reconceptualization of conventional paradigms; the nature of the interrelationships that shape the dynamics of marketing overall; and the context-specific dimensions of marketing generally, its marketing operations. As the volume editors state: By and large, African nations present new contexts and new strategic challenges. As they become focused, certain general approaches as to how various characteristics influence marketing behaviors have to be established. This book, through addressing these contextual issues, provides a better focus for creating a relevant set of marketing activities in African situations.

This book outlines the unique challenges and opportunities of doing business in Africa, analysing how varying degrees of development across its countries affects entrepreneurship. Taking into account historical and cultural contexts, the authors approach the topic by evaluating the different possibilities of business opportunity in Africa. Insightful contributions explore an extensive range of African countries, discussing both formal and informal entrepreneurship, as well as the different factors that influence the growing economy of Africa. African Entrepreneurship will be of interest to anyone researching the potential of doing business in Africa, as well as entrepreneurs and policy-makers looking to expand their knowledge on how businesses are managed in this region.

All global countries are interdependent and all aspects of the global economy operate synergistically. The COVID-19 pandemic gave a renewed sense of urgency to focus on the synergies between supply chain, climate change, COVID-19, and sustainable development as they affect business in Africa and how what occurs in one part of the world affects the whole world. This book examines this synergy and the reciprocal impact of businesses, government, and society. Featuring contributions presented at the 2022 Current Business Issues in African Countries (CBIAC) Conference held at Wagner College in Staten Island, NY, USA, this book explores topics such as agriculture, entrepreneurship, education, gender, and capital flows in Africa demonstrating the wealth of business opportunities across the continent.  

This book serves as a comprehensive guide to understanding the theories and applications in managing the Asian fashion supply chain, presenting both quantitative and exploratory studies. Providing academicians and practitioners insights into the latest developments and models, it also offers diverse perspectives on areas like strategic sourcing, quick response strategies, and other essential parts of the supply chain.

Elgar Advanced Introductions are stimulating and thoughtful introductions to major fields in the social sciences and law, expertly written by the world's leading scholars. Designed to be accessible yet rigorous, they offer concise and lucid surveys of the substantive and policy issues associated with discrete subject areas. Globalisation impacts almost all aspects of life. It is often said that change is accelerating, and that the nation state is increasingly anachronistic. This book challenges that consensus, arguing that globalisation is neither an historic nor technological inevitability; rather, globalisation and technological change are as old as capitalism itself. Jonathan Michie makes the case for a new, more realistic approach to economics. He argues that the reduced power of national governments is a result of the free-market reforms of globalisation created in the 1980s era of Thatcher and Reagan, which led to the 2008 global financial crisis and recession. The free-market 'capitalism unleashed' form of globalisation is neither inevitable nor desirable - it is possible to develop a new global green deal for economic progress, being socially and environmentally sustainable. Michie demonstrates that capital has become unproductive with increased speculation and tax evasion, and that taxing wealth is necessary to create a new era of globally sustainable development. Key features include: in-depth coverage of globalisation written in a concise and accessible style disputes the consensus that globalisation is an historic or technological inevitability focus on current issues such as unproductive capital, a result of increased speculation, tax evasion and avoidance advocates policy proposals for global regulation, taxation and corporate diversity argues the need for a new global green deal for social and environmental sustainability and makes a clear case for an improved and more realistic approach to economics. The Advanced Introduction to Globalisation will be a challenging yet engaging read for policy makers, academics and advanced students of economics, management and business, politics and environmental studies. This book sets out an alternative worldview which will interest anyone concerned with our future global prospects.

This book illustrates the various facets of internationalization in managerial practice, starting with a strategic outline of the many options firms have when formulating internationalization strategies. Designed as a textbook for Bachelor, Master and MBA classrooms, the core of the book consists of six case studies on firms from diverse industries, such as sporting goods, aviation, grocery discount, motorcycle, computer and IT, and fast-food. The cases present a variety of ways of entering and operating in foreign markets, such as export, franchising, joint ventures, strategic alliances, greenfield-investments, acquisitions and mergers. In addition to market entry strategies, the cases provide readers, educators and students with insights into target market strategies, timing strategies, allocation strategies and coordination strategies of well-known companies.

This report, first published in 1985, written by a distinguished group of legal and public policy experts, documents the growing trade in hazardous industries and toxic products. Hazard export threatens the health and environment of workers and ordinary citizens the world over. It is carried out by transnational corporations, in order to locate their most dangerous industrial activities outside the US, in countries where regulatory controls may be less strict. The issues represented here include occupational safety, environmental protection, international relations and problems of legal control. Attention is focused on the political and economic impact of hazard export on the US, Europe and developing countries, and the book's critical analysis is addressed directly to the institutional level best suited to constructive action. This title will be of interest to students of business studies.

A Comprehensive History of the Tariff System in the United StatesGoss traces the tariff system through three avatars that often existed simultaneously: protective, preventive and punitive. From an ineffective colonial system that allowed importers to avoid payment through extended credit arrangements, to a somewhat less troubled system that demanded immediate cash payments in the early 1840s, to a punitive system designed to stymie smugglers during the Civil War, the collection of tariff duties was always problematic. This problem was enhanced in the wake of industrialization and protectionism when direct taxes began to supplant indirect taxation as the major source of government finance. Reviewing the history of American tariff regulation, Goss discerns a gradual process towards "more stringent supervision, regulation and control" (88). Originally published in the series Studies in History, Economics and Public Law edited by the Political Science Faculty of Columbia University.John Dean Goss (1869-?) served as a judge in Wisconsin. He later moved to Oregon, where he practiced law.Contents IntroductionCHAPTER I. The Colonial Period 1. Virginia customs administration 2. Massachusetts customs administration 3. New York customs administration CHAPTER II. The National Tariff Administration of the Eighteenth Century1. Customs officers 2. Entry of goods and collection of duties 3. System established by act of 1799 CHAPTER III. The Development of the System Established by the Act of 1799 up to the Civil War 1. Prevention of undervaluation 2. The auction system 3. Appraisement reforms of 1830 4. Payment of duties in cash 5. The "similitude section" and the warehouse system 6. The administrative remedy by appeal to the Secretary of the Treasury CHAPTER IV. Tariff Administration from the Civil War to 18901. Attack on the warehouse system 2. Triplicate invoices 3. Dutiable value 4. Appraisement at the port of New York5. Transportation in bond 6. Special agents and general orders 7. Searches and seizures 8. Compensation of customs officers 9. Repeal of the moieties clause 10. Repeal of discrimination against goods from the far East 11. Dutiable value and similitude section under the act of 1883 12. Classification of sugars under the act of 1883 13. Passengers' baggage CHAPTER V. The McKinley Administrative Bill of 1890 1. General purposes of the late tariff acts 2. Increased stringency of provisions to prevent fraud 3. Remedies against appraisement and classification 4. Abolition of damage allowances 5. Manufacturing in bond and drawbacks 6. Abolition of fees CONCLUSION. General Tendencies of Tariff Administration in the United States

Renowned professors Frank Horwitz and Pawan Budhwar have assembled a group of distinguished scholars from all over the world to contribute to the Handbook of Human Resource Management in Emerging Markets. The Handbook provides a comprehensive and well-researched overview of a topic area of increasing importance. Regardless of whether you are a student or a practicing manager, this volume will provide you with insights into a broad range of human resource management issues in emerging markets.' - Ingmar Bjoerkman, Aalto University School of Business, Finland'In light of the growing economic power of emerging markets, Horwitz and Budhwar's edited book of readings on human resource management in these countries is both timely and topical. A must read for all practitioners and researchers who seek to gain a better understanding of a comprehensive range of topics/issues pertaining to human resource management in these markets.' - Rosalie L. Tung, The Ming & Stella Wong Professor of International Business, Simon Fraser University, Canada 'The editors and contributors are leading authorities; they offer us fundamental insights into HRM in an increasingly important range of countries. This Handbook is essential for all of those interested in emerging markets.- Professor Greg Bamber, Monash University, Australia; co-editor, International & Comparative Employment Relations The economic growth of emerging markets has been unparalleled in recent history, accounting for 50 per cent of global economic output. Despite this reality, this much-needed Handbook is the first contemporary book on human resource management (HRM) research and practice in emerging markets. World-leading emerging markets scholars, Frank Horwitz and Pawan Budhwar, bring together a diverse set of key HRM themes, including talent management, global careers and employee engagement, in contributions from 40 leading experts from across the world. Wide-ranging and path-breaking, this Handbook addresses thematic issues of rapid growth, diversity, complexity and volatility in emerging market environments at a global level. Based on leading-edge research and practice in more than 20 emerging markets, this book explores the remarkable intricacy of emerging markets, their differing socio-economic and political trajectories as well as the exciting and challenging critical policy and human resource practice choices that these create. The editors' strategic aim is to identify future HRM challenges and how these are addressed, particularly by rapidly growing multinational companies (MNCs) from emerging markets as well as by MNCs investing directly in these markets. Horwitz and Budhwar's unique collection will appeal to students, scholars and policymakers interested in international and comparative HRM, employment relations and business. Contributors include: A. Ardichvili, B. Arora, S.E. Beijer, J. Bonache, C. Brewster, D.R. Briscoe, J. Briscoe, P. Budhwar, F.L. Cooke, M. Cseh, A. Davila, Y.A. Debrah, M. Dickmann, K.M. Dirani, F. du Plessis, Y. du Plessis, F.Y.A. Ellis, M.M. Elvira, E. Farndale, J. Gammelgaard, R. Haq, F. Horwitz, T. Jackson, C. Kelliher, S.E. Khilji, R. Kumar, W. Mayrhofer, A. McDonnell, M.J. Morley, S.M. Nkomo, N. Nyathi, R.B. Nyuur, E. Parry, C. Paz-Aparicio, H. Ruel, R.S. Schuler, H. Scullion, Y. Shen, S. Singh, A. Skuza, V. Srinivasan, J. Storey, M. Thite, J. Unite, A. Varma, G. Wood, E. Zavyalova

This volume addresses issues revolving around the production of mediated cultural products across borders. More specifically, the authors consider cross-border cultural production in the film and television industries and how it affects and is affected by media centers, and, more recently, established production locations. The film and television industries have long been recognized as playing important economic, political and cultural roles. And while it could be argued that, historically, these forms of cultural production often have been international endeavors, the choice of production sites has become an especially contentious issue during the last few decades as global production has expanded. While some factions, notably from the US film and television industries, refer to this issue as "runaway production," this book looks at this issue in a much broader look at the implications and consequences of this phenomenon. Basically, cross-border production involves the expansion of production away from traditional centers, whether to other countries or to other locations within the same country. Thus, this study covers a wide range of issues involving economic and political considerations, as well as creative and aesthetic decision-making. This is an important book for those in communication, international business, and economics.

For undergraduate and graduate students enrolled in an international finance course. An approach that blends theory and practice with real-world data analysis. International Financial Management seamlesslyblends theory with the analysis of data, examples, and practical case situations. Overall, Bekaert/Hodrick equips future business leaders with the analytical tools they need to understand the issues, make sound international financial decisions, and manage the risks that businesses may face in today's competitive global environment. All data in this edition has been updated to reflect the most recent information, including coverage on the latest research, global financial crisis, and emerging markets.