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Books > Business & Economics > Business & management > International business

Post-Materialist Business - Spiritual Value-Orientation in Renewing Management (Hardcover, 1st ed. 2015): Laszlo Zsolnai Post-Materialist Business - Spiritual Value-Orientation in Renewing Management (Hardcover, 1st ed. 2015)
Laszlo Zsolnai
R1,487 Discovery Miles 14 870 Ships in 10 - 15 working days

Post-Materialist Business presents a spiritual-based approach to business and management. It uses pluralistic view of spirituality and provides a number of inspiring cases of alternative organizations which go beyond the materialistic mindset of business and serve the common good of society, nature, and future generations.

Behind the Offshore Veil (Hardcover): Jeffrey H. Corbett, Patrick J. Kish Behind the Offshore Veil (Hardcover)
Jeffrey H. Corbett, Patrick J. Kish
R726 R648 Discovery Miles 6 480 Save R78 (11%) Ships in 10 - 15 working days

A compelling look at the history of offshore banking and its current applications. Revealing. Insightful. Candid.

Offshore Banking - When initially brought up, the concept probably elicits images of the Swiss Alps or the beach in the Caribbean, yet in today's global economy these fairytale-like images are not related to offshore banking at all. Behind the Offshore Veil reveals the long, prestigious history of private banking and its current applications. Serving as a detailed introduction into the complexities of the offshore world, Behind the Offshore Veil puts to rest the mainstream misconceptions over the legality of offshore banking.

Over the past two decades, the offshore market has experienced a significant increase in popularity as more individuals have begun to see the vast benefits associated with it. Now more than ever, the need to diversify offshore has become commonplace in furthering business interests while protecting personal wealth. The Banking Crisis of 2008 further affirms the need for business owners and professionals to exert greater control of their assets by bringing critical banking functions in house.

Written by two authors with a combined 30+ years in the international banking industry, Behind the Offshore Veil is a must read for individuals in the business, financial and entrepreneurial sectors; all who seek greater profit, privacy and diversification of their assets.

The Evolving Corporation - A Humanist Interpretation (Hardcover): William J. Cook The Evolving Corporation - A Humanist Interpretation (Hardcover)
William J. Cook
R2,807 Discovery Miles 28 070 Ships in 10 - 15 working days

The corporation model of organizations is in terminal decline, says Cook, and is being displaced by what he calls syntagma, a body of persons forming a division of the population of a country. The point he makes by this is that the emerging organization will be no artifact, no fabrication. It will be innately human, and in that sense, organic. His book traces the philosophical and historical development of the modern corporation through Hellenistic-Judeo-Christian theologies, with particular emphases on the social, political, and economic impacts of rationalistic science, impacts such as humanism, democracy, capitalism, and behaviorism. Cook offers an analysis of the critical aspects of the corporation as it exists today, and draws heavily for evidence upon contemporary management theories and practices. In doing so he argues that it is the radical changes going on in society itself that is rendering the traditional corporation obsolete. And, since western civilization is undergoing an epochal shift, the new, emerging corporation can have no resemblance to the old model. He maintains that the organization evolving to replace it will be characterized by common values, mutual purpose, excess capacity, and creative action, and will have two dynamics, what he calls commensuration and essentiality. Only with this kind of human system is it possible to create an organization that solely and exclusively serves the common good. His book is a provocative contribution to the professional and academic literature of several fields, including management, the social sciences, organizational behavior, development, and history, and will be of particular interest as well to certain well informed nonspecialists with concern for the role played the corporation in their societies.

China's Belt and Road Initiative in a Global Context - Volume II: The China Pakistan Economic Corridor and its... China's Belt and Road Initiative in a Global Context - Volume II: The China Pakistan Economic Corridor and its Implications for Business (Hardcover, 1st ed. 2020)
Jawad Syed, Yung-Hsiang Ying
R4,590 Discovery Miles 45 900 Ships in 12 - 19 working days

Bringing together a collection of interdisciplinary chapters on China's Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), this book offers a comprehensive overview of the topic from a business and management perspective. With a focus on the China Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC), Volume II provides theoretical and empirical analyses of the opportunities and challenges facing businesses. With contributions covering economics, agriculture, energy, value chain, ethics, governance, and security, this collection is a useful tool for academics as well as policy-makers and practitioners in China, Pakistan, and other countries along the new Silk Road.

Globalization Wisdom - The Seven Secrets of Great Globalizers (Hardcover): Atul Vashistha Globalization Wisdom - The Seven Secrets of Great Globalizers (Hardcover)
Atul Vashistha
R928 Discovery Miles 9 280 Ships in 10 - 15 working days

Not surprisingly, the companies and leaders that are successful globalizers engage in similar practices - key practices that other companies regardless of size can emulate. In my two decades of operating and consulting to over 200 major corporations on outsourcing and globalization, I've seen similar trends and patterns among firms that have succeeded in services globalization and have come to recognize that there are seven best practices. This book is about sharing those practices, these seven secrets. The seven secrets also includes sage advice and wisdom from executives at organizations that are successful globalizers, including Applied Materials, Lenovo, Cisco, Fedex, Virgin and Plantronics. The end result is a book designed for executives at organizations positioned at all levels of global maturity.

Managing Innovation and Cultural Management in the Digital Era - The case of the National Palace Museum (Hardcover): Rua-Huan... Managing Innovation and Cultural Management in the Digital Era - The case of the National Palace Museum (Hardcover)
Rua-Huan Tsaih, Tzu-Shian Han
R4,774 Discovery Miles 47 740 Ships in 12 - 19 working days

The world-class National Palace Museum (NPM) in Taiwan possesses a repository of the largest collection of Chinese cultural treasures of outstanding quality. Through implementing a two-organizational restructuring, and shifting its operational focus from being object-oriented to public-centered, it aims to capture the attention of people and promote awareness of the culture and traditions of China. In this vein, the NPM combines its expertise in museum service with the possibilities afforded by Information Technology (IT). This book analyses the research results of a team sponsored by the National Science Council in Taiwan to observe the development processes and accomplishments, and to conduct scientific researches covering not only the technology and management disciplines, but also the humanities and social science disciplines. The development process of new digital content and IT-enabled services of NPM would be a useful benchmark for museums, cultural and creative organizations and traditional organizations in Taiwan and around the world.

Loose-Leaf Global Business Today (Loose-leaf, 12th ed.): Charles Hill Loose-Leaf Global Business Today (Loose-leaf, 12th ed.)
Charles Hill
R4,362 Discovery Miles 43 620 Ships in 10 - 15 working days
Foreign Direct Investment and the Multinational Enterprise - A Re-examination Using Signaling Theory (Hardcover, New): Scott Liu Foreign Direct Investment and the Multinational Enterprise - A Re-examination Using Signaling Theory (Hardcover, New)
Scott Liu
R2,219 Discovery Miles 22 190 Ships in 10 - 15 working days

Internalization theory, despite criticism of its empirical deficiency, has dominated the industrial organization approach to the multinational enterprise and its foreign direct investment (FDI) decisions. Liu improves the empirical foundations of internalization theory, through the elaboration of the FDI signaling framework, which holds that a firm's direct foreign investment influences the perceptions of less-informed market participants. The signaling concept is derived from the premise that a firm's intangible assets in know-how cannot be correctly priced in a market with asymmetric information, and this motivates the firm's decision to undertake FDI. If the premise is correct, the firm's decision is based on inside information, and the firm's action reveals that information to the market. The firm's FDI internalization is evidence of management's confidence in its intangible assets, and its action may further influence market perceptions. The hypotheses generated along this line of analysis are subjected to investigation, and the evidence supports the FDI signaling proposition. Moreover, the study represents an indirect test of internalization theory. As a result, internalization is transformed from a untested theory to an empirical result.

Sustainable Growth in Global Markets - Strategic Choices and Managerial Implications (Hardcover, 1st ed. 2016): Rajagopal Sustainable Growth in Global Markets - Strategic Choices and Managerial Implications (Hardcover, 1st ed. 2016)
Rajagopal
R3,589 Discovery Miles 35 890 Ships in 12 - 19 working days

Sustainable Growth in Global Markets provides a comprehensive introduction to the concept of market and business management outside the domestic market. It covers complex elements of market management, analysing behavioural theories such as theory of comparative advantage, theories of macro and micro marketing economics, socio-cultural theories, and various contemporary concepts of international business management. The book puts forward a broad foundation of the subject beginning with a discussion of the concept of market dynamics and followed by an analysis of the changing behaviour of markets and its components. The core discussion focuses upon the ability to do business in international markets, putting forward critical insights on the significance of leadership, building consumer value through innovation, tracking the external environment for organizational change as well as important emerging trends towards building an innovative venture.

Liberty Equality & Efficient - Apologia Pro Agathotopia Mea (Hardcover): James E. Meade Liberty Equality & Efficient - Apologia Pro Agathotopia Mea (Hardcover)
James E. Meade
R3,096 Discovery Miles 30 960 Ships in 10 - 15 working days

In this volume, Nobel Laureate James Meade discusses a set of radical changes in economic institutions and policies designed to show an efficient, socially acceptable third alternative between Keynesian inflation and monetarist unemployment, and between the inefficiencies of socialist centralism and the ravages of unrestrained capitalist competition. According to Meade, these changes should aim at allowing freedom of individual choice (liberty), producing a high standard of living (efficiency) and avoiding excessive divergences between riches and poverty (equality).
But there are inevitably clashes between these objectives. For example, free competition may promote liberty and efficiency but will offer high rewards to the owners of scarce resources and low rewards to those who command little earning power, resulting in the denial of equality. The author suggests a set of reforms which could mitigate the effects of such clashes. Such a review of institutions is highly relevant in the present age of social uncertainties. For example, on what lines should the post-communist economies of Eastern Europe be rebuilt? Can we avoid the stark choice between the inflation of Keynesianism and the unemployment of monetarism? Can the ravages of free capitalist competition be avoided without the inefficiencies of centralized economic planning?

Including an extensively revised version of Meade's well- known tract, "Agothopia: The Economics of Partnership, Liberty, Equality, and Efficiency" will be of interest to both economists and political scientists.

A Basic Guide to International Business Law (Hardcover): Harm Wevers A Basic Guide to International Business Law (Hardcover)
Harm Wevers
R5,670 Discovery Miles 56 700 Ships in 12 - 19 working days

A Basic Guide to International Business Law is an introduction to those parts of European and international law that are relevant to business. Having read this book, students will come away with a broad understanding of the international rules of law within the EEC, institutional rules of the European Union, international contract law, rules of competition and the four freedoms within the EEC. The edition includes student friendly features, such as summaries of statements and references to relevant case law, making the book an ideal introduction for those on law and/or business programmes.

Rethinking the Case Study in International Business and Management Research (Paperback): Rebecca Piekkari, Catherine Welch Rethinking the Case Study in International Business and Management Research (Paperback)
Rebecca Piekkari, Catherine Welch
R1,220 Discovery Miles 12 200 Ships in 12 - 19 working days

This important and original book critically evaluates case study practices and calls for a more pluralistic future for case research in international business (IB) and international management (IM). IB and IM researchers typically rely on a case study approach that could be characterized as 'qualitative positivism'. The editors and contributors look beyond this disciplinary convention and encourage pluralism in IB and IM case research. Their key argument is that increased awareness of the prevailing disciplinary convention and its limitations increases the potential for theoretical insight and methodological versatility in case research. The contributions provide critical, novel and innovative perspectives on the case study. The book offers inspiration to case authors, and is an authoritative methodological reference for reviewers of case research. Contributors include: P. Ahonen, P. Almond, P.H. Andersen, S. Blazejewski, M.Y. Brannen, T. Buck, E. Clark, T. Colling, P. d Iribarne, T. Edwards, J. Erland Lervik, M. Fletcher, L. Hurmerinta, R.J. Jensen, M. Johanson, H. Kragh, A.J. Mills, J.H. Mills, R. Mir, F. Moore, R. Morais, M. Nojonen, N. Nummela, R. Piekkari, E. Plakoyiannaki, A. Saka-Helmhout, A. Salmi, A. Soulsby, G. Szulanski, H. Tan, J. Tienari, E. Vaara, C. Welch, A. Wright

European Business Environment - Doing Business in the EU (Hardcover): Frans Somers European Business Environment - Doing Business in the EU (Hardcover)
Frans Somers
R5,707 Discovery Miles 57 070 Ships in 12 - 19 working days

Doing business in Europe is increasingly becoming an everyday reality for many companies, not only large corporations, but also small and medium-sized enterprises. European Business Environment offers students a practical introduction to how to create, manage and develop business opportunities in the European Union. Taking a multidisciplinary approach to doing business in the EU, this textbook focuses on the European dimensions of economics, marketing and law. With case studies presented throughout the book, the relationship between business and the political institutions, policies and regulations of the European Union are explored. This is an essential introductory textbook for students at both undergraduate and graduate levels in a wide range of degree and professional programmes, including Economics, MBA, Law and Marketing. It is of particular relevance to students interested in the European context of these disciplines and can be used as a core textbook for courses in European Integration or Business and International Environment in Europe and other parts of the world.

Transcultural Marketing for Incremental and Radical Innovation (Hardcover): Bryan Christiansen, Salih Y LD Z, Emel Y LD Z Transcultural Marketing for Incremental and Radical Innovation (Hardcover)
Bryan Christiansen, Salih Y LD Z, Emel Y LD Z
R4,985 Discovery Miles 49 850 Ships in 10 - 15 working days

As technology continues to drive innovation and impact societies across multiple national boundaries and cultures, new approaches towards marketing products must be created and implemented to be successful in an era of hypercompetition. Transcultural Marketing for Incremental & Radical Innovation provides in depth discussion on tactics for improving existing products while inventing completely new products and product categories. This publication will prove to be helpful for scholars, practitioners, and university students who wish to better understand the importance of marketing products and services across different cultures and multiple languages.

The Asian Economic Catharsis - How Asian Firms Bounce Back from Crisis (Hardcover): Frank Richter The Asian Economic Catharsis - How Asian Firms Bounce Back from Crisis (Hardcover)
Frank Richter
R2,808 Discovery Miles 28 080 Ships in 10 - 15 working days

One result of the Asian economic crisis has been to shatter the belief that Asian ways of management are superior to Western ways. Now, just to survive, Asian firms have come to rethink their entire way of managing, and in his latest book, Richter, assisted by his contributing authors, gives a sharply focused analysis of how they are doing it. Emerging questions are how do Asian firms adjust to the new economic realities? and How do they develop their management style?

There are plenty of new opportunities in Asia to play the new game, but they must be grasped and productively channeled. Richter and his contributors conclude that in the end, the Asian economic crisis, or catharsis, may well be a blessing in disguise. It provides an opportunity to completely review the way things stand in Asia. Like entrepreneurs who built the Asian economies, today's firms have the opportunity to lead a revival if they can redirect their businesses. This is an important resource for professionals in all multinational organizations and for academics and their upper-level students of international business.

Investing in Indonesia (Hardcover): Rosye Buray Salz Investing in Indonesia (Hardcover)
Rosye Buray Salz
R672 R616 Discovery Miles 6 160 Save R56 (8%) Ships in 10 - 15 working days
Diversity of Managerial Ideology (Hardcover, 1st ed. 2018): Check Teck Foo Diversity of Managerial Ideology (Hardcover, 1st ed. 2018)
Check Teck Foo
R4,528 Discovery Miles 45 280 Ships in 12 - 19 working days

This book is the first in a series on Chinese management based on the Global Chinese Management Conferences (from 2015 to 2017), an annual conference organized by the Sun Tzu Art of War Institute. The first volume is by FOO Check Teck, professor at Fudan and Hunan University and founding editor of Chinese Management Studies (SSCI), who encourages readers to broaden their minds to embrace the Universe as a Community. The book argues that the lives of all beings are worth preserving and urges the academic community to recognize the ideologies at heart of management and to see research as a deep, reflective thinking process that goes far beyond the testing of hypotheses - great works, lasting 2,500 years are the result of deep reflection upon experiences. It also calls for the re-framing of management integration of a variety of ideological strands, typically in topics in MBA or MPA programs: earnings, mobility of human capital, complex adaptive systems, HRM (in small high-tech firms), technology standardization, Xin (trust: labor relations), multi-leveling, re-forming (hospitals), He-Xie (doctoral work), upgrading (automobile industry). The major consequential consideration must be what it means for people.

Social Media Marketing Step-By-Step - The Guides To Instagram And Facebook Marketing - Learn How To Develop A Strategy And Grow... Social Media Marketing Step-By-Step - The Guides To Instagram And Facebook Marketing - Learn How To Develop A Strategy And Grow Your Business (Hardcover)
Bryan Bren
R995 R856 Discovery Miles 8 560 Save R139 (14%) Ships in 10 - 15 working days
Japanese Multinationals in the United States - Case Studies (Hardcover): Duane Kujawa Japanese Multinationals in the United States - Case Studies (Hardcover)
Duane Kujawa
R2,794 Discovery Miles 27 940 Ships in 10 - 15 working days

This study focuses on the management/labor interface within the context of the foreign direct investor in the United States, eespecially the Japanese. Utilizing case studies and interviews, the author examines both the effects of Japanese multinationals on U.S. workers' interests, and the effects of the U.S. work environment on Japanese multinationals. Three basic questions permeated the research: How do labor and management considerations come together as key strategic and operating decisions are made and implemented by Japanese multinationals in the United States? How do Japanese experiences compare to the experiences of other foreign-owned and domestic firms? What do these experiences portend regarding U.S. labor's interests in jobs, income, unionization, etc., Japanese firms' interests in being able to compete successfully in the U.S. market, and the U.S. national interest in promoting employment, expanding incomes, competitive markets, and so forth? Findings in both regards are compared to similar effects at other foreign, non-Japanese multinationals and at U.S.-owned firms in similar industries.

The Story of Indian Manufacturing - Encounters with the Mughal and British Empires (1498 -1947) (Hardcover, 1st ed. 2018):... The Story of Indian Manufacturing - Encounters with the Mughal and British Empires (1498 -1947) (Hardcover, 1st ed. 2018)
Vijay K Seth
R4,259 Discovery Miles 42 590 Ships in 12 - 19 working days

This book discusses the role historical events played in determining the pattern of growth of Indian manufacturing. Two important historical events significantly influenced the course of Indian manufacturing from the 15th century AD. The first was the arrival of European merchants via sea route pioneered by Vasco-da-Gamma in 1498 and the other was the dawn of the Mughal Empire in 1526. The book explores how these two events provided the appropriate stimulus for the emergence of traditional flexible manufacturing in India and how they played a vital role in the pattern of growth of the Indian manufacturing: The Mughal Empire created an integrated economy of continental size whereas European trading companies expanded the commercial connectivity of the Indian economy and South East Asia. It further investigates how the circumstances created by the colonial administration, factor endowment and market conditions created the complex forms of manufacturing enterprises that India inherited at the time of independence. It is a valuable resource for students of history, economic history, business history and the history of technology.

Research Methods for Accounting and Finance (Hardcover): Audrey Paterson, David Leung Research Methods for Accounting and Finance (Hardcover)
Audrey Paterson, David Leung
R3,427 Discovery Miles 34 270 Ships in 12 - 19 working days

Research Methods for Accounting and Finance is an essential text for accounting and finance students undertaking research for the first time. It demystifies the research process by providing the novice researcher with a must-have guide through all of the stages of the research process, from identifying a research topic to the finished project. Jargon-free and written in a user-friendly style, it utilises a variety of methods to carefully link the subject matter and topics. Packed with appropriate examples and reflective exercises to support skills and knowledge development, each chapter includes a useful reference list and suggested further readings. It offers a comprehensive overview of key research methods and the choices available when undertaking research in accounting and finances. It includes: * an exploration of the nature and scope of research within the disciplines of accounting and finance; * how to identify a suitable research project and the importance of understanding and contextualising your research ideas via a thorough literature review; * which type of research most suitable to undertake and the researcher's choice of data collection method; * an analysis of qualitative and quantitative research methods - and which is more appropriate for your study; * Ethical issues and research codes of practice and advice on the writing process. To help support their learning, readers have access to a range of online resources including chapter-by-chapter multiple choice questions which will enable them to assess how well they have grasped individual chapters. The text also features a range of supplementary readings, in text exercises and cases/examples to help bring concepts to life. Visit www.goodfellowpublishers/rmforacc for details. The Global Management Series is a complete portfolio of global business and management texts that successfully meets the needs of students on international undergraduate and postgraduate business and management degree courses. Each book is clear, concise and practical and has a thorough pedagogic structure to suit a 12 week semester. The series offers a flexible 'pick and mix' choice of downloadable e-chapters, so that users can select and build learning materials tailored to their specific needs. See www.goodfellowpublishers.com/GMS for details. Each book in the series is edited and contributed to by a team of experienced academics based in the UK, Dubai and Malaysia it provides an essential learning aid for students across a wide range of business and management courses and an invaluable teaching tool for lecturers and academics. Series Editors: Robert MacIntosh, Professor of Strategy and Kevin O'Gorman, Professor of Management, both at Heriot-Watt University, UK About the Editors: Audrey Paterson is an Associate Professor in Accounting and manager of the PhD programme within the Department of Accounting, Economics & Finance at Heriot-Watt University, UK. David Leung is an Associate Professor in Accounting at Coventry University, UK. William (Bill) Jackson is Head of the Department of Accounting, Economics and Finance at Heriot-Watt University, UK. Robert MacIntosh is Professor of Strategy and Head of School at Heriot-Watt University, UK. Kevin O'Gorman is Professor of Management and Business History in Heriot-Watt University, UK.

Designing the Global Corporation (Hardcover): J.R. Galbraith Designing the Global Corporation (Hardcover)
J.R. Galbraith
R1,618 Discovery Miles 16 180 Ships in 10 - 15 working days

If there's anything more challenging than designing a company, it's designing a global company. Balancing strategy and structure becomes even more daunting when geography, foreign governments, and worldwide customers and products are thrown into the mix. And no single design works for all organizations. In this book, internationally recognized expert Jay Galbraith shows companies how to match their own strengths and strategies with proven design options. Whether they're exporting their first product or already operating around the world, Galbraith gives companies the information they need to build flexible, global networks. And through real-world examples, he shows how successful international businesses are already navigating the global environment.

Emerging Capital Markets - Financial and Investment Issues (Hardcover): J.Jay Choi, John A. Doukas Emerging Capital Markets - Financial and Investment Issues (Hardcover)
J.Jay Choi, John A. Doukas
R2,820 Discovery Miles 28 200 Ships in 10 - 15 working days

The editors of this volume provide a comprehensive and in-depth collection of articles on financial and investment issues in emerging capital markets. The collection offers coverage of all major emerging countries as well as all major topics related to emerging market finance.

By presenting general, conceptual essays as well as technical, specific essays in a coherent framework, the book attempts to broaden the traditional finance and international finance literature to include emerging market countries where markets are more rigid, segmented, or fragmented than developed market countries. Researchers, graduate students, finance professionals, investors, and policy makers will find this volume useful.

Leadership in Colonial Africa - Disruption of Traditional Frameworks and Patterns (Hardcover): B. Jallow Leadership in Colonial Africa - Disruption of Traditional Frameworks and Patterns (Hardcover)
B. Jallow
R2,860 Discovery Miles 28 600 Ships in 10 - 15 working days

Taken together, the chapters in this book represent a tapestry of leadership frameworks and cultures in colonial Africa. Scholars across disciplines explore the nature and evolution of leadership born of the colonial encounter between white colonialists and native Africans as well as the leadership that ultimately led to independence. Leadership in Colonial Africa highlights colonial disruptions of traditional leadership patterns in Africa and how African leaders, traditional and nationalist, reacted to these disruptions. Jallow examines the emergence of modern leadership cultures in Africa and argues that leadership studies theory may usefully be deployed in the study of African leadership

International Consumer Behavior - Its Impact on Marketing Strategy Development (Hardcover): A.Coskun Samli International Consumer Behavior - Its Impact on Marketing Strategy Development (Hardcover)
A.Coskun Samli
R2,761 Discovery Miles 27 610 Ships in 10 - 15 working days

Samli sets a foundation for analyzing the impact of culture on behavior and how this impact may vary in different cultures. By understanding consumer behavior patterns in different world markets, international marketers can serve the special needs of international consumers. Cultures can be grouped and their impact on the consumer behavior can be detected. Understanding consumer behavior in different culture groups is the foundation of international marketing success.

In this bold first effort to assimilate the knowledge about international consumers, Professor Samli asserts that international consumer behavior is not just a simple extension of our knowledge about American consumer behavior. Rather, it is primarily culture-driven. Whereas culture is a given in studying consumer behavior in the West or in North America, foreign cultures must be understood before parameters of international consumer behavior patterns can be established. Understanding these patterns is the essence of successful international marketing. This orientation explains why successful marketing plans must be different in different world markets and that these markets are not at all homogeneous. Successful international marketing plans must dwell primarily on differences rather than similarities among international consumers. The key aspects of behavior patterns are connected to marketing plans throughout the book.

Social class, hierarchy of needs, and formal and informal group memberships play quite different roles within the given constraints of culture. As a result, involvement, learning, and experiences of the individual form differently in different world markets. This process needs to be deciphered and understood so that adequate communication is established with consumers everywhere. Both marketing scholars and marketing practitioners need to understand that marketing plans around the world should be keyed to consumer needs and behavior patterns. These are the essence of competitive advantage.

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