First published in 2001. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.

First published in 2000. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.

First published in 2000. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.

First published in 2001. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.

The Spring Electric is a lower priced electrical vehicle from The Renault Group. It is the result of an impossible project that was a breakthrough in cultural innovation. The development of the Spring brought together a French company, a Japanese partner, an Indian project, and a Chinese developer to deliver a car for the European market. The Innovation Odyssey: Lessons from an Impossible Project examines four key issues central to this vehicle's development: The nature of the automotive industry itself and the actors involved in these "societal" innovations. The movement toward the electrification of vehicles is inseparable from public policies aimed at reducing carbon emissions. Without substantial subsidies or rigorous bans on internal combustion engine vehicles (ICEVs), the electric vehicle (EV) would not be developed. It is these public policies that create the conditions for an electrified vehicle market. Electrification is thus a three-way game, in which public actors play a central role alongside suppliers and customers. Therefore, an analysis of these policies is essential to understand manufacturers' strategies in this area. What are the differences between these policies? Do they introduce regional competitive advantages? How do firms in the globalized automotive sector adapt to or take advantage of these differences? How can they combine local adaptation. Product strategy. To what extent should this technological breakthrough at the heart of the car be associated with a more profound break in the definition of the automobile product? Is the answer an electrification of the dominant ICEV design (and if so, how?) or a complete redefinition of the vehicle? International cooperation. Automotive design is largely concentrated in the technical centers of the parent companies: Detroit, Guyancourt, Wolfsburg, Yokohama. How can the design processes and the European and Chinese skills and know-how be combined in a project designed far from the traditional European or Japanese bases and under time constraints? Can this original form of design inspire new forms of international cooperation, and under what conditions? Globalized innovation strategies. For multinational groups such as car manufacturers, competitive advantage depends on their ability not only to invent relevant products that find customers in local markets, but also to deploy them rapidly at the global level, harnessing economies of scale that a startup, however innovative, cannot achieve. How then to combine local adaptation of innovations with effective global deployment?

The confluence of global business and digital business, a shift long in the making, is now well underway. Of the important factors that account for this confluence, two in particular stand out: continuing advances in technology and innovation and the growing interconnectedness between the physical and digital worlds. These trends have major implications for corporate strategists. Aimed specifically at an executive/professional audience, this book derives its underpinnings from the actual practice of global and digital business. It's imperative for multinational enterprises (MNEs) to learn from the experiences of other MNEs how they do business and how they became successful in their international and digital activities. A main argument of the book is that MNEs represent a very significant component of the global economy and that there's a paucity of professional books that executives and managers can use to help them enter, compete, and grow in foreign markets - for both physical and digital goods and services. The book's core focus therefore is global strategy for digital businesses and digital strategy for global businesses. MNEs have existed for a very long time. So, why now? The context of business in the last several years has undergone significant change. First, growing interconnectedness between the physical and digital worlds; 2) accelerating growth of technologies, such as artificial intelligence (AI) and cloud computing, used not only by IT firms but increasingly by firms in practically all industries; 3) growing role of cross-border data flows versus international trade in goods - a fact not often covered in books on strategy and international business; 4) emergence of millions of entrepreneurs and small and medium-sized businesses new to the global marketplace for goods and services; and 5) a changed political, economic, and social environment in many parts of the world including the U.S., several European countries, and Latin America - all of which have important implications for business. This book treats global strategy and digital strategy in an integrated manner in one volume. From a strategy perspective, it classifies products into three categories, physical products, digital products, and smart machines (products that are both physical and digital, and connected to the internet) - because the economics and strategy of each kind of products is distinct from that of others. This book includes new models and frameworks such as the PRISM framework of foreign market selection. It relies on the latest research conducted by major consulting firms such as PricewaterhouseCoopers and McKinsey & Company.

Create a successful strategy for competition in the global marketplace Globalization of Business: Practice and Theory will give executives and business students a current, in-depth look at ways to become globally competitive in today's complex market. This essential guide offers you insight into issues every global businessperson needs to understand, such as the practice and theory of globalization, the nature of the global business environment, the roles of global corporations, strategic approaches for global business, and global leadership. By identifying competitive and innovative practices, networks, and alliances, Globalization of Business will help you become a successful leader in the global business community. This vital book contains new and updated information to help you and your company play a profitable and integral part in the international marketplace.Comprehensive and thorough, Globalization of Business will assist you in understanding the significance and challenges of globalization for today's companies. Using proven research and actual strategies of top corporations, this reference covers pertinent information about the global context of business. This book: explores the world's current economic, cultural, technological, and environmental affairs examines competitiveness at national and firm levels and outlines steps that competitive organizations undertake to sustain their advantage discusses and analyzes strategies for effective business performance identifies the roles of CEOs and gives a framework for identifying global managers evaluates the prospects for sustaining global leadership and shows the differences between global leadership and hegemony outlines the necessary steps for creating an integrated global economy Covering general and specific issues, this guide explains assumptions and theories of globalization in order to help you approach global issues with flexibility, attentiveness, and confidence. Globalization of Business will enable you to avoid common pitfalls and build a successful global firm that will benefit the entire business community.

This set is the last of three sets of reprinted books charting the emergence, evolution and recent hegemony of international business. Each set of reprints has a separate introduction by the series editor. The first set, The Emergence of International Business 1200-1800, describes the changing patterns of international trade and technology transfer that underpinned the growth of international business over the millennium. The second set, The Evolution of International Business 1800-1945, analyses the role of information flows in the growth of international business. As the final set in the series, The Hegemony of International Business will examine the changing social and political environment in which international business has operated.

First published in 2000. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.

First published in 2000. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.

First published in 2000. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.

First published in 2000. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.

First published in 2000. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.

This book is a comprehensive work which incisively analyses, from a theoretically informed perspective, crucial aspects of India's journey from partial divestiture to privatisation, accompanied by case studies of enterprises being privatised in FY 2022. Naib begins with the economic role of the state followed by theoretical and empirical evidence on the state versus private ownership in the first two chapters. Next, an overview of public sector in India including the New Public Sector Enterprise Policy for Atmanirbhar Bharat-2021 is discussed, before a broader examination of the global experience with privatisation is done. Naib then goes on to explore India's journey from partial divestiture to privatisation from 1991 to 2021 in four time slots based on the political party in power. The book also looks at big ticket privatisation and asset monetisation proposed in FY 2022. Many criticised the design of National Monetisation Plan as it may lead to concentration of wealth, increasing inequalities, asset stripping, and consumers paying higher charges. The book closes by presenting six instances of big-ticket privatisations ranging from airlines, airports, banks, insurance, as well as industries such as petroleum and telecoms. The book's timely data and analysis of key developments will interest researchers in the fields of divestiture and privatisation in India.

This book surveys the landscape of supermarket retailing in Africa, showing how this expanding part of the retail sector is changing consumerism on the continent. Drawing on research covering retail formats, consumer behaviour, strategies, operation research, ICT, relationship marketing, and market linkage, the book investigates the many factors impacting the growth of supermarkets in Africa. The contributors employ theories, concepts, and methods in order to help us to understand changing consumer behaviour, the strategies used by suppliers to access supermarkets, the role of service suppliers in the growth of the sector, and ultimately how supermarkets can assist in making the market linkage between producers and consumers in Africa. The chapters provide a comprehensive exploration of modern retail, discussing its growth and future, identifying consumer preferences, as well as suggesting solutions to the challenges that retailers and suppliers on the continent face in developing the sector. This book will be of interest to scholars and students of the retail sector and retail management in Africa.

European economies are becoming increasingly integrated, and at the same time, the world economy is becoming global. This has raised questions about the specific strategies followed by transnational companies. It also raises the issue of whether the drive towards integration is compatible with that towards globalization strategies; whether, and to what extent, they strengthen each other. "European Integration and Global Corporate Strategies" explores the links between the options of world-wide globalization and European integration which are open to today's corporations, highlighting whether there are conflicts or complementaries between them. The book is divided into two parts: the first part looks at specific mechanisms and trends of globalization in the context of changes due to European integration. The second part considers the role of innovation and technology diffusion as part of the integration and globalization strategies. All the contributors are experts from Britain, Italy, the Netherlands and Spain. This book should be of particular interest to students and researchers in the fields of business, economics, politics and European studies.

First published in 2000. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.

First published in 2000. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.

Most of the works on the crises of the 1930s and especially the Munich Agreement in 1938 were written when it was virtually impossible to gain access to the relevant archive collections on both sides of the Iron Curtain. This text studies the Czechoslovak-German crisis and its impact from previously neglected perspectives and celebrates the post-Cold War openness by bringing in new evidence from hitherto inaccessible archives.

As challenges to the era of globalisation emerge, international business grows in importance and complexity as a field of study. This shortform textbook introduces learners to the frameworks within which international business occurs and to the range of actions that companies might undertake in these environments. Owing to an emphasis on cross-border interactions, international business is a politicised field, and this book provides readers with the tools to deepen their understanding not only of the actions that companies might take but also of the economic, societal, cultural and political frameworks affecting how decisions are made. With a refreshing realism in its approach, this book will be perfect brief reading for students required to understand the obstacles that global business practitioners must overcome to succeed.

First published in 2000. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.

First published in 2000. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.

First published in 2000. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.

First published in 2000. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.

First published in 2000. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.