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Books > Philosophy > Western philosophy
Introduction to New Realism provides an overview of the movement of
contemporary thought named New Realism, by its creator and most
celebrated practitioner, Maurizio Ferraris. Sharing significant
concerns and features with Speculative Realism and Object Oriented
Ontology, New Realism can be said to be one of the most prescient
philosophical positions today. Its desire to overcome the
postmodern antirealism of Kantian origin, and to reassert the
importance of truth and objectivity in the name of a new
Enlightenment, has had an enormous resonance both in Europe and in
the US. Introduction to New Realism is the first volume dedicated
to exposing this continental movement to an anglophone audience.
Featuring a foreword by the eminent contemporary philosopher and
leading exponent of Speculative Realism, Iain Hamilton Grant, the
book begins by tracing the genesis of New Realism, and outlining
its central theoretical tenets, before opening onto three distinct
sections. The first, 'Negativity', is a critique of the postmodern
idea that the world is constructed by our conceptual schemas, all
the more so as we have entered the age of digitality and
virtuality. The second thesis, 'positivity', proposes the
fundamental ontological assertion of New Realism, namely that not
only are there parts of reality that are independent of thought,
but these parts are also able to act causally over thought and the
human world. The third thesis, 'normativity,' applies New Realism
to the sphere of the social world. Finally, an afterword written by
two young scholars explains in more detail the relationship between
New Realism and other forms of contemporary realism.
Offers new insights into how Ludwig Wittgenstein understood matters
concerning the meaning of life. Widely considered one of the
greatest philosophers of the twentieth century, Ludwig Wittgenstein
was deeply interested in the significance of religion and ethics.
Although he did not systematically examine religion and the meaning
of life in his major published works, Wittgenstein professed that
he would at times explore fundamental issues from a religious
perspective. Ludwig Wittgenstein: The Meaning of Life is the first
compilation of private letters, remarks, and notes regarding
Wittgenstein's thoughts and attitudes on ethics, religion,
goodness, value, and moral action. With an academic approach,
author JoaquÃn Jareño Alarcón reveals the significance of
religion and ethics in Wittgenstein’s personal experience,
corroborates the permanent tension between Wittgenstein and
religion, highlights Wittgenstein’s preoccupation with the basic
questions addressed by religious discourse, and more.
Chronologically organized texts are accompanied by detailed
commentary to illustrate how Wittgenstein’s interests in religion
and ethics were reflected throughout his personal and intellectual
evolution. Articulates Wittgenstein’s ethical point of view on
religion Features a wide range of primary sources, such as personal
commentaries, annotations, lecture notes, and diary entries
Includes testimony of friends, students, and others with close ties
to Wittgenstein Presents a balanced view of what Wittgenstein wrote
and the recollections of others in his circle Discusses how the
principal intention of Tractatus is to demonstrate the relevance of
matters concerning religion and the meaning of life Ludwig
Wittgenstein: The Meaning of Life is essential reading for
postgraduate and senior researchers, as well as advanced philosophy
students and non-specialists interested in Wittgenstein’s more
humanistic writings and his engagement with religion and ethics.
This volume examines the complex dialogue between German Idealism
and phenomenology, two of the most important movements in Western
philosophy. Twenty-four newly authored chapters by an international
group of well-known scholars examine the shared concerns of these
two movements; explore how phenomenologists engage with, challenge,
and critique central concepts in German Idealism; and argue for the
continuing significance of these ideas in contemporary philosophy
and other disciplines. Chapters cover not only the work of major
figures such as Husserl, Heidegger, and Merleau-Ponty, but a wide
range of philosophers who build on the phenomenological tradition,
including Fanon, Gadamer, and Levinas. These essays highlight key
themes of the nature of subjectivity, the role of
intersubjectivity, the implications for ethics and aesthetics, the
impact of time and history, and our capacities for knowledge and
understanding. Key features: * Critically engages two of the major
philosophical movements of the last 250 years * Draws on the
insights of those movements to address contemporary issues in
ethics, theory of knowledge, and political philosophy * Expands the
range of idealist and phenomenological themes by considering them
in the context of gender, postcolonial theory, and environmental
concerns, as well as their global reach * Includes new
contributions from prominent, international scholars in these
fields This Handbook is essential reading for all scholars and
advanced students of phenomenology and German Idealism. With
chapters on Beauvoir, Sartre, Scheler, Schutz, Stein, and Ricoeur,
The Palgrave Handbook of German Idealism and Phenomenology is also
ideal for scholars researching these important figures in the
history of philosophy.
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Daniel Patrick Piskorski
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"La vieja y tradicional Logica de Aristoteles y Bacon ya no
satisface a este mundo nuevo de la Cultura. En esta encontramos, ya
no el mundo del "ser" sino fundamentalmente el mundo del "devenir";
ya no la ley "necesaria," sino la finalidad "contingente," ya no la
simplicidad cuantitativa o cualitativa, sino el complejo biologico
y espiritual" -Dr. Adalberto Garcia de Mendoza
This work offers a radical new interpretation of Augustine and of a
central aspect of medieval thought as a whole.Augustine and Roman
Virtue seeks to correct what the author sees as a fundamental
misapprehension in medieval thought, a misapprehension that fuels
further problems and misunderstandings in the historiography of
philosophy. This misapprehension is the assumption that the
development of certain themes associated with medieval philosophy
is due, primarily if not exclusively, to extra-philosophical
religious commitments rather than philosophical argumentation,
referred to here as the 'sacralization thesis'.Brian Harding
explores this problem through a detailed reading of Augustine's
"City of God" as understood in a Latin context, that is, in
dialogue with Latin writers, such as Cicero, Livy, Sallust and
Seneca. The book seeks to revise a common reading of Augustine's
critique of ancient virtue by focusing on that dialogue, while
showing that his attitude towards those authors is more
sympathetic, and more critical, than one might expect. Harding
argues that the criticisms rest on sympathy and that Augustine's
critique of ancient virtue thinks through and develops certain
trends noticeable in the major figures of Latin philosophy.
Much attention has been paid to Wittgenstein's treatment of
solipsism and to Cavell's treatment of skepticism. But
comparatively little has been made of the striking connections
between the early Wittgenstein's view on the truth of solipsism and
Cavell's view on the truth of skepticism, and how that relates to
the claim that the later Wittgenstein sees privacy as a constant
human possibility. This book offers close readings of
representative writings by both authors and argues that an adequate
understanding of solipsism and skepticism requires taking into
account a set of underlying difficulties related to a
disappointment with finitude which might ultimately lead to the
threat of solipsism. That threat is further interpreted as a wish
not to bear the burden of having to constantly negotiate and
nurture the fragile connections with the world and others which are
the conditions of possibility for finite beings to achieve meaning
and community. By presenting Wittgenstein's and Cavell's responses
in an order which reflects the chronology of their writings, the
result is a cohesive articulation of some under-appreciated aspects
of their philosophical methodologies which has the potential of
reorienting our entire reading of their work.
This book is a consideration of Hegel's view on logic and basic
logical concepts such as truth, form, validity, and contradiction,
and aims to assess this view's relevance for contemporary
philosophical logic. The literature on Hegel's logic is fairly
rich. The attention to contemporary philosophical logic places the
present research closer to those works interested in the link
between Hegel's thought and analytical philosophy
(Stekeler-Weithofer 1992 and 2019, Berto 2005, Rockmore 2005,
Redding 2007, Nuzzo 2010 (ed.), Koch 2014, Brandom 2014, 1-15,
Pippin 2016, Moyar 2017, Quante & Mooren 2018 among others). In
this context, one particularity of this book consists in focusing
on something that has been generally underrated in the literature:
the idea that, for Hegel as well as for Aristotle and many other
authors (including Frege), logic is the study of the forms of
truth, i.e. the forms that our thought can (or ought to) assume in
searching for truth. In this light, Hegel's thinking about logic is
a fundamental reference point for anyone interested in a
philosophical foundation of logic.
Thomas Aquinas and John Duns Scotus are arguably the most
celebrated representatives of the 'Golden Age' of scholasticism.
Primarily, they are known for their work in natural theology, which
seeks to demonstrate tenets of faith without recourse to premises
rooted in dogma or revelation. Scholars of this Golden Age drew on
a wealth of tradition, dating back to Plato and Aristotle, and
taking in the Arabic and Jewish interpretations of these thinkers,
to produce a wide variety of answers to the question 'How much can
we learn of God?' Some responded by denying us any positive
knowledge of God. Others believed that we have such knowledge, yet
debated whether its acquisition requires some action on the part of
God in the form of an illumination bestowed on the knower. Scotus
and Aquinas belong to the more empirically minded thinkers in this
latter group, arguing against a necessary role for illumination.
Many scholars believe that Aquinas and Scotus exhaust the spectrum
of answers available to this circle, with Aquinas maintaining that
our knowledge is quite confused and Scotus that it is completely
accurate. In this study, Alexander Hall argues that the truth about
Aquinas and Scotus lies somewhere in the middle. Hall's book
recommends itself to the general reader who is looking for an
overview of this period in Western philosophy as well as to the
specialist, for no other study on the market addresses this
long-standing matter of interpretation in any detail.
Kevin Hermberg's book fills an important gap in previous Husserl
scholarship by focusing on intersubjectivity and empathy (i.e., the
experience of others as other subjects) and by addressing the
related issues of validity, the degrees of evidence with which
something can be experienced, and the different senses of
'objective' in Husserl's texts. Despite accusations by commentators
that Husserl's is a solipsistic philosophy and that the
epistemologies in Husserl's late and early works are contradictory,
Hermberg shows that empathy, and thus other subjects, are related
to one's knowledge on the view offered in each of Husserl's
Introductions to Phenomenology. Empathy is significantly related to
knowledge in at least two ways, and Husserl's epistemology might,
consequently, be called a social epistemology: (a) empathy helps to
give evidence for validity and thus to solidify one's knowledge,
and (b) it helps to broaden one's knowledge by giving access to
what others have known. These roles of empathy are not at odds with
one another; rather, both are at play in each of the Introductions
(if even only implicitly) and, given his position in the earlier
work, Husserl needed to expand the role of empathy as he did. Such
a reliance on empathy, however, calls into question whether
Husserl's is a transcendental philosophy in the sense Husserl
claimed.
This book connects the philosophy of the Marquis de Sade-one of the
most notorious, iconic, and yet poorly-understood figures within
the history of European thought-with the broader themes of the
Enlightenment. Rather than seeing himself as a mere pornographer,
Sade understood himself as continuing the progressive tradition of
French Enlightenment philosophy. Sade aspired to be a philosophe.
This book uses intellectual history and the history of philosophy
to reconstruct Sade's philosophical 'system' and its historical
context. Within the period's discourse of sensibility Sade draws on
the philosophical and the literary to form a relatively
sophisticated 'system' which he deploys to critically engage with
the two major strands of eighteenth-century ethical theory: the
moral sense and natural law traditions. This work is of interest
to: 'Continental' Philosophy, Critical Theory, French Studies, the
History of Eighteenth-Century Philosophy, Literary Studies, the
History of Moral Philosophy, and Enlightenment Studies.
This book presents a comprehensive and detailed exploration of the
relationship between the thought of G.W.F. Hegel and that of John
McDowell, the latter of whom is widely considered to be one of the
most influential living analytic philosophers. It serves as a point
of entry in McDowell's and Hegel's philosophy, and a substantial
contribution to ongoing debates on perceptual experience and
perceptual justification, naturalism, human freedom and action. The
chapters gathered in this volume, as well as McDowell's responses,
make it clear that McDowell's work paves the way for an original
reading of Hegel's texts. His conceptual framework allows for new
interpretive possibilities in Hegel's philosophy which, until now,
have remained largely unexplored. Moreover, these interpretations
shed light on various aspects of continuity and discontinuity
between the philosophies of these two authors, thus defining more
clearly their positions on specific issues. In addition, they allow
us to see Hegel's thought as containing a number of conceptual
tools that might be useful for advancing McDowell's own philosophy
and contemporary philosophy in general.
The Republic is a dialogue by Plato in which the famous Athenian
philosopher examines the nature of an ideal society. The insights
are profound and timeless. A landmark of Western literature, The
Republic is essential reading for philosophy students.
This volume brings together contributions that explore the
philosophy of Franz Brentano. It looks at his work both critically
and in the context of contemporary philosophy. For instance,
Brentano influenced the phenomenology of Edmund Husserl, the theory
of objects of Alexius Meinong, the early development of the Gestalt
theory, the philosophy of language of Anton Marty, the works of
Carl Stumpf in the psychology of tone, and many others. Readers
will also learn the contributions of Brentano's work to much
debated contemporary issues in philosophy of mind, ontology, and
the theory of emotions. The first section deals with Brentano's
conception of the history of philosophy. The next approaches his
conception of empirical psychology from an empirical standpoint and
in relation with competing views on psychology from the period. The
third section discusses Brentano's later programme of a descriptive
psychology or "descriptive phenomenology" and some of his most
innovative developments, for instance in the theory of emotions.
The final section examines metaphysical issues and applications of
his mereology. His reism takes here an important place. The
intended readership of this book comprises phenomenologists,
analytic philosophers, philosophers of mind and value, as well as
metaphysicians. It will appeal to both graduate and undergraduate
students, professors, and researchers in philosophy and psychology.
This volume presents collected essays - some brand new, some
republished, and others newly translated - on the ancient
commentators on Aristotle and showcases the leading research of the
last three decades. Through the work and scholarship inspired by
Richard Sorabji in his series of translations of the commentators
started in the 1980s, these ancient texts have become a key field
within ancient philosophy. Building on the strength of the series,
which has been hailed as 'a scholarly marvel', 'a truly
breath-taking achievement' and 'one of the great scholarly
achievements of our time' and on the widely praised edited volume
brought out in 1990 (Aristotle Transformed) this new book brings
together critical new scholarship that is a must-read for any
scholar in the field. With a wide range of contributors from across
the globe, the articles look at the commentators themselves,
discussing problems of analysis and interpretation that have arisen
through close study of the texts. Richard Sorabji introduces the
volume and himself contributes two new papers. A key recent area of
research has been into the Arabic, Latin and Hebrew versions of
texts, and several important essays look in depth at these. With
all text translated and transliterated, the volume is accessible to
readers without specialist knowledge of Greek or other languages,
and should reach a wide audience across the disciplines of
Philosophy, Classics and the study of ancient texts.
During the latter half of his life, David Hume (1711-1776) achieved
international celebrity status as a great philosopher and
historian. The sceptical and anti-religious bent of his works
generated hundreds of critical responses, many of which were
scholarly commentaries. Other writers, though, focused less on
Hume's specific publications and more on his reputation as a famous
public figure. Wittingly or unwittingly, Hume was involved in many
controversies: the attempts to excommunicate him from the Church of
Scotland; his paradoxically close association with several Scottish
clergymen; his quarrel with Jean Jacques Rousseau; his approach to
his own death. Hume's enemies attacked his public character while
his allies defended it. Friends and foes alike recorded anecdotes
about him which appeared after his death in scattered periodicals
and books. Hume's biographers have drawn liberally on this
material, but in most cases the original sources are only
summarized or briefly quoted. This set presents dozens of these
biographically-related discussions of Hume in their most complete
form, reset, annotated and introduced by James Fieser. The editor
also provides the most detailed bibliographies yet compiled of
Hume's writings and the early responses to them. These two volumes
form the final part of the major "Early Responses to Hume" series,
and they conclude with an index to the complete ten-volume
collection. Like earlier sets in the series, these books should be
welcomed by historians and Hume scholars all over the world, and
research libraries should see them as important additions to
holdings on the Scottish Enlightenment.
John Locke (1632-1704), one of the great philosophers, is probably
best known for his contributions to political thought. In this
outstanding volume, Professor Eric Mack of Tulane University
explains Locke's philosophical position, placing it in the
tumultuous political and religious context of 17th century England.
For Locke, entering into political society did not involve giving
up one's natural rights, but rather transferring to governmental
authority the job of protecting those rights. In this rigorous
critical analysis, Mack argues that Locke provides an impressive -
if not decisive - philosophical case for the view that individuals
have natural rights to life, liberty and property, despite the
existence or actions of any political authority.>
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Republic
Plato
Paperback
R95
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Discovery Miles 760
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