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Books > Science & Mathematics > Chemistry > Crystallography
The monograph "Shaped Crystal Growth" by V. A. Tatarchenko is the
first systematic of the macroscopic crystallization theory. The
theory is based on the stable statement growth conception, which
means that self-stabilization is present in the system, with growth
parameter deviations occurring under the action of external
perturbations attenuating with time. The crystallization rate is
one of the parameters responsible for crystal defect formation.
Steady-state crystal growth means that crystallization rate
internal stabilization is present, thus allowing more perfect
crystals to grow. Most important is the fact that the crystal shape
(an easily observed parameter) is one of the stable-growth
characteristics when growing crystals without any contact with the
crucible walls. This means that constant-cross-section crystal
growth is to a certain extent evidence of crystallization process
stability. The principles of the stable crystal growth theory were
developed by the author of the monograph in the early 1970s. Due to
the efforts over the past 20 years of V. A. Tatarchenko, his
disciples (V. A. Borodin, S. K. Brantov, E. A. Brener, G. I.
Romanova, G. A. Satunkin et al) and his followers (B. L. Timan, 0.
V. Kolotiy et al) the theory has been completed, which is
demonstrated by this monograph. The characteristic feature of the
theory is its trend towards solving practical problems that occur
in the process of crystal growth."
An introduction to structure determination by x-ray
crystallography, primarily for final-year undergraduate studies in
crystallography, chemistry, and chemical physics, and introductory
postgraduate work in this area of crystallography. This
substantially revised edition (2nd, 1985) adds a chapter o
In its combination of an advanced teaching standpoint with an
emphasis on new perspectives and recent advances in the study of
liquids formed by simple molecules, Molecular Liquids: New
Perspectives in Physics and Chemistry provides a clear,
understandable guide through the complexities of the subject. A
wide range of topics is covered in the areas of intermolecular
forces, statistical mechanics, the microscopic dynamics of simple
liquids, thermodynamics of solutions, nonequilibrium molecular
dynamics, molecular models for transport and relaxation in fluids,
liquid simulations, statistical band shape theories, conformational
studies, fast-exchange dynamics, and hydrogen bonding. The
experimental techniques covered include: neutron scattering, X-ray
diffraction, IR, Raman, NMR, quasielastic neutron scattering, and
high-precision, time-resolved coherent Raman spectroscopy.
Solitons are a well-known and intriguing aspect of nonlinear
behavior in a continuous system such as a fluid: a wave propagates
through the medium without distortion. Liquid crystals are highly
ordered systems without a rigid, long-range structure. Solitons in
liquid crystals (sometimes referred to as "walls") have a wide
variety of remarkable properties that are becoming important for
practical applications such as electroluminescent display. This
book, the first review of the subject to be published, contains not
only surveys of the existing literature, but presents new results
as well.
Cellular growth, especially its pattern formation, has been studied
both experimentally and numerically. In situ observations of
faceted cellular growth have clearly revealed cellular interactions
in the array of cells. For the first time, the true time-dependent
faceted cellular array growth has been modelled properly. It has
been found that pattern formation is determined by cellular
interactions in the array. Readers of the book will obtain a
general view of the field of pattern formation in crystal growth,
and in-depth and up-to-date knowledge of faceted cellular array
growth, which occurs in semiconductor crystals.
With the development of diverse analytical chemistry techniques,
the discovery of rich and numerous properties pertaining to
bicontinuous liquid crystal structures has yielded beneficial
applications in medicine, consumer products, materials science, and
biotechnology. Presenting contributions from 24 experts worldwide,
Bicontinuous Liquid Crystals presents a comprehensive overview of
these structures with a practical approach to applying them in
manufacturing and laboratory processes. This book considers the
cubic, mesh, ribbon, and sponge equilibrium phases of bicontinuous
structures. It begins with a historical perspective and a
theoretical platform for study, followed by a detailed discussion
of physical chemistry, properties, and structural characteristics
of the different phases. The text interrelates the most useful
analytical methods for the characterization of the behavior and
stability of liquid crystalline phases based on structure,
geometry, composition-dependent changes, temperature, dispersion,
and other factors. These techniques include differential geometry,
thermodynamics, local and global packing, and the study of
conformational entropy. The book also highlights tools for
mathematically visualizing bicontinuous systems. This provides an
excellent foundation for the authors' examination of the latest
studies and applications, such as controlled release, materials
development, fabrication, processing, polymerization, protein
crystallization, membrane fusion, and treatment of human skin.
Bicontinuous Liquid Crystals represents current trends and
innovative ideas in the study of bicontinuous liquid crystals.
Divided into three sections, it provides a complete overview of
theoretical and modeling aspects, physical chemistry and
characterization, and applications in this active field of
research.
Molecular chirality is one of the fundamental aspects of chemistry.
Chirality properties of molecules have implications in a wide
variety of subjects, ranging from the basic quantum mechanical
properties of simple of a few atoms to molecular optical activity,
asymmetric synthesis, systems and the folding pattern of proteins.
Chirality, in both the geometrical and the topological sense, has
also been the subject of investigations in various branches of
mathematics. In particular, new developments in a branch of
topology, called knot theory, as well as in various branches of
discrete mathematics, have led to a novel perspective on the
topological aspects of molecular chirality. Some of the
mathematical advances have already found applications to the
interpretation of new concepts in theoretical chemistry and
mathematical chemistry, as well as to novel synthetic approaches
leading to new molecules of exceptional structural properties. Some
of the new developments in molecular chirality have been truly
fundamental to the theoretical understanding and to the actual
practice of many aspects of chemistry. The progress in this field
has been very rapid, even accelerating in recent years, and a
review appears more than justified. This book offers a selection of
subjects covering some of the latest developments. Our primary aim
is to clarify some of the basic concepts that are the most prone to
misinterpretation and to provide brief introductions to some of
those subjects that are expected to have further, important
contributions to our understanding of molecular properties and
chemical reactivity.
Continues the aim of Structure reports to present critical accounts
of all crystallographic structure determinations of metals and of
inorganic compounds. Published for the International Union of
Crystallography. Annotation copyright Book News, Inc. Portland, Or.
Diese Arbeit enthiilt zwei grof3ere Fallstudien zur Beziehung
zwischen theo- retischer Mathematik und Anwendungen im 19.
Jahrhundert. Sie ist das Ergebnis eines mathematikhistorischen
Forschungsprojekts am Mathemati- schen Fachbereich der
Universitiit-Gesamthochschule Wuppertal und wurde dort als
Habilitationsschrift vorgelegt. Ohne das wohlwollende Interesse von
Herrn H. Scheid und den Kollegen der Abteilung fUr Didaktik der
Mathema- tik ware das nicht moglich gewesen: Inhaltlich verdankt
sie - direkt oder indirekt - vielen Beteiligten et- was. So wurde
mein Interesse an den kristallographischen Symmetriekon- zepten,
dem Thema der ersten Fallstudie, durch Anregungen und Hinweise von
Herrn E. Brieskorn geweckt. Sowohl von seiner Seite als auch von
Herrn J. J. Burckhardt stammen uberdies viele wert volle Hinweise
zum Manuskript von Kapitel I. Herrn C. J. Scriba mochte ich fur
seine die gesamte Arbeit betreffenden priizisen Anmerkungen danken
und Herrn W. Borho ebenso fUr seine ubergreifenden Kommentare und
Vorschlage. Beziiglich der in Kapitel II behandelten projektiven
Methoden in der Baustatik des 19. Jahrhunderts gilt mein besonderer
Dank den Herren K. -E. Kurrer und T. Hiinseroth fUr ihre zum Teil
sehr detaillierten Anmerkungen aus dem Blickwinkel der Geschichte
der Bauwissenschaften. Schliefilich geht mein Dank an alle nicht
namentlich Erwiihnten, die in Gesprachen, technisch oder auch
anderweitig zur Fertig- stellung dieser Arbeit beigetragen haben.
Fur die vorliegende Publikation habe ich einen Anhang mit einer
Skizze von in unserem Zusammenhang besonders wichtig erscheinenden
Aspekten der Theorie der kristallographischen Raumgruppen
hinzugefUgt. Ich hoffe, daB er zum Verstiindnis des mathematischen
Hintergrunds der historischen Arbeiten des ersten Kapitels
beitragt.
This book presents a computational scheme for calculating the
electronic properties of crystalline systems at an ab-ini tio
Hartree-Fock level of approximation. The first chapter is devoted
to discussing in general terms the limits and capabilities of this
approximation in solid state studies, and to examining the various
options that are open for its implementation. The second chapter
illustrates in detail the algorithms adopted in one specific
computer program, CRYSTAL, to be submitted to QCPE. Special care is
given to illustrating the role and in: fluence of computational
parameters, because a delicate compromise must always be reached
between accuracy and costs. The third chapter describes a number of
applications, in order to clarify the possible use of this kind of
programs in solid state physics and chemistry. Appendices A, B, and
C contain various standard expressions, formulae, and definitions
that may be useful for reference purposes; appendix D is intended
to facilitate the interpretations of symbols, conventions, and
acronyms that occur in the book. Thanks are due to all those who
have contributed to the implementation and test of the CRYSTAL
program, especially to V.R. Saunders and M. Causal, and to F.
Ricca, E. Ferrero, R. Or lando, E. Ermondi, G. Angonoa, P.
Dellarole, G. Baracco
In the last decade mathematical crystallography has found
increasing interest. Siginificant results have been obtained by
algebraic, geometric, and group theoretic methods. Also classical
crystallography in three-dimen sional Euclidean space has been
extended to higher dimen sions in order to understand better the
dimension independent crystallographic properties. The aim of this
note is to introduce the reader to the fascinating and rich world
of geometric crystallography. The prerequisites for reading it are
elementary geometry and topological notations, and basic knowledge
of group theory and linear algebra. Crystallography is geometric by
its nature. In many cases, geometric arguments are the most
appropriate and can thus best be understood. Thus the geometric
point of view is emphasized here. The approach is axiomatic start
ing from discrete point sets in Euclidean space. Symmetry comes in
very soon and plays a central role. Each chapter starts with the
necessary definitions and then the subject is treated in two- and
three-dimensional space. Subsequent sections give an extension to
higher dimensions. Short historical remarks added at the end of the
chapters will show the development of the theory. The chapters are
main ly self-contained. Frequent cross references, as well as an
extended subject index, will help the reader who is only interested
in a particular subject."
In the last decade mathematical crystallography has found
increasing interest. Siginificant results have been obtained by
algebraic, geometric, and group theoretic methods. Also classical
crystallography in three-dimen sional Euclidean space has been
extended to higher dimen sions in order to understand better the
dimension independent crystallographic properties. The aim of this
note is to introduce the reader to the fascinating and rich world
of geometric crystallography. The prerequisites for reading it are
elementary geometry and topological notations, and basic knowledge
of group theory and linear algebra. Crystallography is geometric by
its nature. In many cases, geometric arguments are the most
appropriate and can thus best be understood. Thus the geometric
point of view is emphasized here. The approach is axiomatic start
ing from discrete point sets in Euclidean space. Symmetry comes in
very soon and plays a central role. Each chapter starts with the
necessary definitions and then the subject is treated in two- and
three-dimensional space. Subsequent sections give an extension to
higher dimensions. Short historical remarks added at the end of the
chapters will show the development of the theory. The chapters are
main ly self-contained. Frequent cross references, as well as an
extended subject index, will help the reader who is only interested
in a particular subject."
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