Providing cutting-edge material from a range of perspectives on entrepreneurial internationalization, this insightful book develops contemporary business concepts and business models to engage with a rapidly changing and diversifying world economy. Chapters build a conceptual and theoretical illustration of the field, providing key frameworks for the analysis of entrepreneurial internationalization, including insights into strategy and organization, as well as fundraising strategies for early internationalizing startups. Top international scholars in the field apply these frameworks to specific real-world business environments, such as born globals, born digital enterprises and multinational corporations in emerging markets. The book concludes with analysis of international entrepreneurship across both traditional and digital contexts, highlighting the emerging implications for international entrepreneurship research of digitization and the Covid-19 pandemic. Bringing together a multitude of critical evaluations, this book is crucial reading for scholars and researchers of SME internationalization and born globals, as well as higher level students of international entrepreneurship. It will also benefit practitioners and policymakers hoping to engage with new digital developments in the world economy.

This insightful and comprehensive Research Handbook explores the concept of start-up incubation ecosystems and investigates the various factors that interact to provide a nurturing environment suitable for the creation and successful development of start-ups. Chapters employ a range of approaches for the study of incubation ecosystems, including literature reviews, theoretical studies, and empirical research featuring both quantitative and qualitative methods. An international team of authors analyze data from a diverse range of countries to cover topics including: multi-level approaches to incubation ecosystems; start-up support mechanisms such as incubators, accelerators and co-working spaces; and the role of organizations involved in incubation ecosystems such as universities, government agencies and multinational companies. The Handbook thus illustrates the critical part played by the early development of start-ups within entrepreneurial ecosystems. Scholars and doctoral students working in entrepreneurship and innovation will find this Handbook invaluable to their understanding of start-up incubation ecosystems and in illuminating future research agendas. It will also prove useful to practitioners and policymakers working with start-ups and organizations that support them. Contributors include: B.W. Amo, C. Bellavitis, P. Benneworth, P.M. Bican, A. Billstroem, J.J. Bragelien, M. Breivik-Meyer, A. Brem, E. Carlsson, T.H. Clausen, C.M. DaSilva, M. Good, J. Grande, M. Gulbrandsen, J.O. Hansen, R.R. Hermann, E.J. Isaksen, A. Jensen, A.R. Johnson, E.J.B. Jorgensen, K. Kassel, M. Knockaert, L. Kolvereid, M. Landoni, K. Lesniak, A. Mariussen, K.E. Masyn, A. McKelvie, K. Messeghem, S. Mitchell, D. Modic, N. Nguyen, G. Nonet, N. Nordling, A. Novotny, A. O'Connor, I.B. Pettersen, R. Pugh, E. Rasmussen, T. Ratinho, S. Saarenketo, S.R. Sardeshmukh, M. Sargent, R.M. Smith, R. Sorheim, O. Straub, C. Theodoraki, E. Thomas, L. Torkkeli, E. van der Lingen, H. Velt, K.H. Voldsund, J. Wiklund, T. Yoshioka-Kobayashi

Far too many people, when motivated to start a new business, plunge in without appreciating or understanding the ramifications of doing so. These pages highlight many of these ramifications, not to put anyone off, but to help them avoid some of the pitfalls that so often stand in the way of success. The characteristic of entrepreneurship that lurks in the breast of so many of our citizens means that at the grass roots there are many opportunities for the enterprising. In a population of sixty million, and rising, there is room for every kind of new business. The core problems that face any new business are the need to apply Professional Selling Skills and to rely on their own resources financially at the start. The former requires skilful, dedicated and enthusiastic application. The latter comes from redundancy money or other savings and support - NOT mortgaging one's home, and NOT borrowing from the Bank. A small number of new businesses require little Capital and can be run as a one man band. Most however, are best started in co-operation with one or two others who can contribute to the finances and share the work involved. For those who have the potential, but have been fearful of contemplating striking out on their own, it is hoped this work will encourage and inform them, and open the door to a long term and bright future.

This insightful book introduces a range of innovative strategies for collecting contemporary textual documentary evidence. Featuring insightful vignettes, it comprises a critical guide to the various challenges of collecting documents to realize each of those strategies. Bill Lee explains how the epistemological and ontological assumptions of the researcher may influence their choice of a research strategy for surveys, comparative case studies, critical narratives and constitutive discourses when collecting documents. The book offers examples of published studies in the different branches of management and considers the strengths and weaknesses of grounding research studies in the collection of documentary evidence. Providing step-by-step guidance for the operationalization of a chosen research strategy for collecting documents, it also builds a crucial list of different repositories of documents that might be employed in research. This cutting-edge book presents useful guidance and illuminating insights for business and management students of all levels hoping to improve their use of documents in dissertations and research projects. It will also be useful for researchers utilizing documentary evidence for the first time.

The Profits and Perils of Passion in Entrepreneurship provides an overview of current knowledge and highlights opportunities ripe for additional investigation. This state-of-the-art book also delivers essential guidelines for scholars on how to study entrepreneurial passion in a rigorous way. Melissa S. Cardon and Charles Y. Murnieks provide a critical review of the knowledge accumulated to date about passion in entrepreneurship, discussing developments and debates about conceptual definitions, levels and focus of analysis, and methodological approaches. This includes the integration of different theories with an explanation of their commonalities and key distinctions. Examining the outcomes and antecedents of passion, chapters present theoretical arguments and empirical findings and explore future research questions for the topic. Scholars and students of entrepreneurship will find this book to be a comprehensive overview of the topic. Providing an accessible understanding of academic research, this book will also be a useful resource for practicing entrepreneurs and those who seek to support them.

This is an ambitious and engaging book. It lays the foundations for a methodology that bridges entrepreneurship researchers?' need to provide explanations and practitioners?' need to make their local world comprehensible --? by calling the researcher to also practise as an entrepreneur. Disclosing Entrepreneurship as Practice outlines and demonstrates this '?enactive?' approach and its outcomes in terms of a proposed practice theory of entrepreneurship. Presenting entrepreneurship as a sense-making, stabilising force in a liquid and ambiguous world, accordingly addressed as ?'entrepreneuring?', Bengt Johannisson argues that the duality of shrewdness and prudence provides the appropriate knowledge needed to practice entrepreneurship. By generalising entrepreneurship as creative organizing in multiple arenas beyond just the market, and conceptualising entrepreneurship as practice, this book presents a compelling rationale for considering entrepreneuring as ?'routinized improvisation?' dealing with situations as they arise. Reflective and thoughtful, this book will be of interest to researchers in the field of entrepreneurship concerned with theoretical and methodological matters, as well as those engaged with qualitative methodology in the social sciences.

The third edition of this creative and successful textbook provides a broad overview of entrepreneurship from a theoretical and practical perspective. Engaging for undergraduates, it embeds theories of entrepreneurship with tensions and dilemmas, presented as paradoxes for each chapter. It offers insights into the entrepreneurial process and challenges readers to assess the paradoxes and pitfalls encountered on an entrepreneurial journey. Key benefits include: Opportunities for student involvement through theory, paradoxes, actions, and exercises Real-life international case stories by high profile entrepreneurship scholars, such as William B. Gartner, Saras Sarasvathy, Alain Fayolle, Benson Honig Latest thinking on phenomena such as sustainability, nascent entrepreneurship, design thinking, the circular economy and technology entrepreneurship. All undergraduate students with or without prior entrepreneurship education can enjoy the many benefits, puzzles, and insights the book has to offer. It is ideal for undergraduate students on introductory courses in entrepreneurship, as well as more advanced students interested in entrepreneurial opportunities and processes.

Scaling the Social Enterprise is an ideal text for courses that focus on social entrepreneurship and social innovation, at either the graduate or undergraduate level. Common themes across high growth social startups discussed in the book include: building and modifying a management team for growth creating and maintaining a dynamic stakeholder network choosing corporate form and funders moving from idea to pilot, to roll-out, and pivots along the way the importance of media magic in building a brand developing and refining one's value chain the pivotal role of technology in scaling. Featuring high profile, high growth social startups including Fair Trade USA, Revolution Foods, Sanergy, Kiva, d.light, Back to the Roots, and Grameen America, the chapter on funding social startups also profiles social funders such as Bridges Fund Management and Better Ventures, amongst others.

This pioneering work explores both the theory and practice of business and technology incubation and acceleration over the past six decades as an approach to new venture creation and development. With a global scope, the Handbook examines incubation concepts, models, and mechanisms, providing a research-based analytical foundation from which to understand the emerging role of modern incubators, accelerators, science parks, and related support tools in building modern entrepreneurship ecosystems for promoting targeted economic development. Featuring contributions from internationally renowned scholars and practitioners, the Handbook covers four major themes: understanding incubation and acceleration; incubation mechanisms and entrepreneurship ecosystem development; national and regional incubation policy studies; and incubation practice and assessment. Chapters investigate the expanding importance of newer models and novel modes of new venture support such as smart launching through focused training, mentoring, and financing. This Handbook will help to equip policy makers, facility and program managers, investors, and entrepreneurs with the knowledge to handle support for future business and technology ventures more confidently and effectively. It also provides a deeper understanding of the incubation approach for researchers and scholars of entrepreneurship, innovation, and economic development.

New technologies, with their practical contributions, provide social value. The chapters in this volume view this social value from a program evaluation perspective, and the focus of the evaluations is the generation of new technology funded by public sector agencies. Through keen and approachable analysis, the authors provide important background on both methodology and application. Link and Scott have assembled a collection of their seminal works on the social value of new technology. The first paper provides a general, hands-on overview of the theory and practice of program evaluation, while remaining chapters go on to focus on a number of public sector programs ranging from the U.S. Department of Defense Small Business Innovation Research program to Canada's programs to support the development of medical imaging technology. The authors demonstrate that this area of research is relevant not only to established scholars and practitioners, but also to students. This book will serve as a valuable resource to academic researchers and graduate students in public administration, public policy, and economics, as well as practitioners in the evaluation field. Contributors include: S.D. Allen, D.B. Audretsch, B.M. Downs, L.M. Hillier, D.P. Leech, S.K. Layson, A.N. Link, A.C. O'Connor, J.T. Scott

Many developed countries are facing a demographic change with an increasing share of older individuals, yet little is known about how older workers will impact regional and national economies in terms of labor market dynamics. One possible outcome of this new demographic structure is that more individuals will become entrepreneurs at an older age. This Handbook contributes to the important and emerging field of entrepreneurship among this group and focuses on the behavioral perspectives of this phenomenon; on innovation, dynamics and performance; and the ways entrepreneurship among the elderly looks within different countries. Researchers interested in the field of entrepreneurship among older workers and policy makers dealing with the effects of changing demographic settings within countries or regions will turn to this work to gain a better understanding of entrepreneurship and aging. Contributors include: Z. Acs, M. Amaral, A.E. Brouwer, M. Cucculelli, M. Damman, H. Delfmann, M. Dragusin, R. Fonseca, M. Fritsch, M.M. Gielnik, J. Hessels, C. Holmquist, M. Klinthall, B. Leick, R. Mariana, A. Maritz, C. Matos, H. Mayer, M. Mensmann, G. Micucci, S.C. Parker, A. Sorgner, R. Sternberg, E. Sundin, P. van der Zwan, H. Van Solinge, D. Welsh, M. Wyrwich, H. Zacher, T. Zhang

Throughout my life I have achieved many remarkable things. In Screw It, Let's Do It, I will share with you my ideas and the secrets of my success, but not simply because I hope they'll help you achieve your individual goals. Today we are increasingly aware of the effects of our actions on the environment, and I strongly believe that we each have a responsibility, as individuals and organisations, to do no harm. I will draw on Gaia Capitalism to explain why we need to take stock of how we may be damaging the environment, and why it is up to big companies like Virgin to lead the way in a more holistic approach to business. In Screw It, Let's Do It I'll be looking forwards to the future. A lot has changed since I founded Virgin in 1968, and I'll explain how I intend to take my business and my ideas to the next level and the new and exciting areas - such as launching Virgin Fuels - into which Virgin is currently moving. But I have also brought together all the important lessons, good advice and inspirational adages that have helped me along the road to success. Ironically, I have never been one to do things by the book, but I have been inspired and influenced by many remarkable people. I hope that you too might find a little inspiration between these pages.

'Just read it.' Elon Musk The dramatic inside story of the first four historic flights that launched SpaceX-and Elon Musk-from a shaky startup into the world's leading edge rocket company. SpaceX has enjoyed a miraculous decade. Less than 20 years after its founding, it boasts the largest constellation of commercial satellites in orbit, has pioneered reusable rockets, and in 2020 became the first private company to launch human beings into orbit. Half a century after the space race SpaceX is pushing forward into the cosmos, laying the foundation for our exploration of other worlds. But before it became one of the most powerful players in the aerospace industry, SpaceX was a fledgling startup, scrambling to develop a single workable rocket before the money ran dry. The engineering challenge was immense; numerous other private companies had failed similar attempts. And even if SpaceX succeeded, they would then have to compete for government contracts with titans such as Lockheed Martin and Boeing, who had tens of thousands of employees and tens of billions of dollars in annual revenue. SpaceX had fewer than 200 employees and the relative pittance of $100 million in the bank. In Liftoff, Eric Berger takes readers inside the wild early days that made SpaceX. Focusing on the company's first four launches of the Falcon 1 rocket, he charts the bumpy journey from scrappy underdog to aerospace pioneer. drawing upon exclusive interviews with dozens of former and current engineers, designers, mechanics, and executives, including Elon Musk. The enigmatic Musk, who founded the company with the dream of one day settling Mars, is the fuel that propels the book, with his daring vision for the future of space.

In this timely book, Evan Douglas examines the limitations of the current models of entrepreneurial motivation. He proposes an expanded general model of entrepreneurial intention, which integrates both commercial and social entrepreneurs, and explicitly examines the motivation to innovate. In this new, integrated model of entrepreneurial intention, he explores the asymmetric data relationships and interdependencies of these four motivations that operate to result in multiple equally-valid pathways to entrepreneurial action. To discover the alternative configurations that culminate in entrepreneurial intention, Douglas advocates fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis, which complements traditional correlational methods and exposes additional information about individual motivation that is suppressed in sample-level correlational analysis. Innovative and insightful, this book is an excellent primer for higher-degree and academic researchers interested in what drives entrepreneurial actions. Public sector researchers developing entrepreneurial infrastructure, incubators and support services will also benefit from Douglas's exciting new model.

Focusing on academic entrepreneurship in the university context, the authors explore how researchers, teachers, students, academic managers and administrators make sense of entrepreneurship and of the paradoxes and contradictions involved. The book investigates how these diverse entrepreneurial actors and their stakeholders interpret and analyse entrepreneurial activities within the university ecosystem. New Movements in Academic Entrepreneurship covers research commercialisation, academic start-up companies and entrepreneurship education, as well as university-society relationships more widely. With contributions from Europe, North America and Asia, this book helps to broaden our understanding of academic entrepreneurship using original theoretical insights and rich empirical data. Essential reading for students and researchers of entrepreneurial universities and ecosystems, this book provides fresh theoretical frameworks and an inclusive understanding of academic entrepreneurship.

Entrepreneurship is a high-stakes game. Get it right, and you become a self-made millionaire. Get it wrong, and you could lose everything.

Douglas Kruger, author of seven business and personal finance books, returns with a follow-up to the bestselling Poverty Proof. This time round, the focus is squarely on what makes or breaks a new business, and how you, as an entrepreneur, can get ahead of the curve.

Can your idea change your financial reality? There’s every reason to believe that it could. Most millionaires and billionaires alive today are first-generation business owners. However, too many entrepreneurs make simple mistakes when they start out that get in the way of accruing wealth.

This book is your road map to avoiding the pitfalls, finding the ‘smart-cuts’, and ensuring that your efforts amount to an empire rather than a ruin.

Entrepreneurial Personality and Small Business Management offers a comprehensive analysis with theoretical and empirical grounding for understanding how entrepreneurial personality shapes small business outcomes. It explores why entrepreneurs act differently when facing similar situations and why some are more successful than others. Simona Leonelli and Francesca Masciarelli provide detailed quantitative and qualitative analyses based on original datasets, identifying the main personality traits of an entrepreneur. They particularly focus on how entrepreneurial narcissism affects small businesses and influences habitual entrepreneurship. Chapters draw on research techniques from a wide variety of disciplines including strategic management, entrepreneurial finance and innovation studies to reveal the importance and role of personality traits in shaping firm outcomes. This book represents an important step towards the development of a more complete understanding of the entrepreneur's role in a small firm. It will be a valuable resource for scholars and researchers interested in entrepreneurial behavior and SMEs, in particular how personality affects business outcomes. The focus on how personal characteristics, traits and qualities can lead to success will also be of interest to entrepreneurs and business advisors.

If you can point and click a mouse, type on a keyboard and have a basic grasp of the English language then you can make a fortune on the internet if you know what to do. This book will show you exactly what to do. You will learn how to: - Build a website and go live in 1 hour - Accept online payments and set up statements to track your income - Drive traffic to your site by getting your site listed instantly with the major search engines like Yahoo and Google. - Earn up to GBP10 per click every time someone clicks on your site - Earn up to GBP115 every time someone fills out a form on your site - Get other web publishers to sell your stuff - Create a database of readers you can profit from every time you update your site - Have a chat room, forum and video forum on your website for free - Automatically send out an email everyday with no input from you - Incorporate a search box on your site that makes you money every time someone searches - Add ready-made articles about your chosen subject to your site completely free - simply copy and paste! Contents: Inroduction; 1. Get an idea; 2. Register the name and build the website; 3. Develop products and services list to sell (optional); 4. Get traffic; 5. Mastering the art of Google Adwords; 6. Capture emails and send newsletters; 7. Add adverts; 8. Sell other people's stuff; 9. Make your site sticky: chat, forums, video messaging, latest news and autoresponder; 10. Get others to sell your stuff; Index.

The FET College Series is designed to meet the needs of students and lecturers of the National Certificate Vocational qualification. For the student: Easy-to-understand language; Real-life examples; "Reflect on you learn" features to explore personal learning styles; Workplace-oriented activities; Topic assessments useful for exam revision; and A glossary at the end of the book explaining important words. For the lecturer: A curriculum matrix to link learning activities and topic assessments with curriculum outcomes; Topic summaries that are cross-referenced; Comprehensive assessment sections each with an integrated task and a dedicated task; and A Lecturer Guide.

This accessible textbook provides a comprehensive guide to the building blocks of sustainable social enterprise, exploring how core elements contribute to either the success or failure of the social venture. It analyzes the key skills needed to synthesize effective business practices with effective social innovation and points out both what works and what does not. Taking a practical approach, it demonstrates how big ideas can be transformed into entities that produce lasting change. Key Features: Discussion questions and activities to aid student learning and debate A multi-part case study that helps students see social enterprise in practice Recommended resources sections that encourage students to explore the topic further Readable, real-life anecdotes, examples, and analogies that illustrate how social entrepreneurship initiatives operate Learning objectives and chapter summaries to guide students through key topics including product development, idea generation, social change theory, marketing, and operating structures Making the case that social entrepreneurship may be the most effective way to bring about positive changes in society, this textbook will be an essential resource for introductory courses and electives in social entrepreneurship.

While knowledge-intensive environments encourage and foster new ideas for products, services, production methods and business models, they also entail high levels of risk derived from the fast and dynamically changing nature of technology. This Handbook explores the new theoretical frameworks that are needed to cope with the growing relevance of techno-entrepreneurship initiatives globally. Demonstrating that techno-entrepreneurship and its ecosystems create opportunities across national borders, this Handbook also shows how they proactively shape their business environment and engage in more complex collaborative networks. Chapters cover emerging areas in the field, such as frugal innovation, the drone industry and gender-specific entrepreneurship. Separated into sections dedicated to entrepreneurial ecosystems - with original research into incubators, accelerators and crowd funding - and techno-entrepreneurship across countries, the contributors examine specific issues that arise in context. With international scope, this Handbook will be an essential read for entrepreneurship and innovation scholars. Any researcher with an interest in entrepreneurial ecosystems will also benefit from the original research presented.

Losing is not a word in Jannie Mouton's vocabulary. One of South Africa's greatest success stories, Jannie Mouton built his business from scratch after getting fired at age 48. Straight-talking Mouton tells the inside story of how he started PSG, turning it into a triumphant success in only 15 years. Today the companies he is involved in have a market capitalisation of R61 billion. Known in the industry for being difficult, Mouton nevertheless has a soft heart and a passion for poetry. Outspoken and not scared of controversy, Jannie Mouton has only once managed to sack an employee himself. In this title, Jannie Mouton spills the beans on what really went on behind the scenes. He talks openly of even the most controversial transactions he has been involved in. With his typical honesty and humour, he freely shares his business and investment advice.

Women's entrepreneurship is an effective way to combat poverty, hunger and disease, to stimulate sustainable business practices, and to promote gender equality. Yet, deeply engrained cultural norms often prescribe gender-specific roles and behaviors that severely constrain the opportunities for women's entrepreneurial activities. This excellent new volume of work from the Diana Group explores this paradox. As women-entrepreneurs circumvent challenges and obstacles, they also ameliorate the cultural context for future women entrepreneurs. In this book, studies covering 40 countries document how culture affects women's entrepreneurship, and how women's entrepreneurship, in turn, shapes the cultural milieu. The work is organized into three main themes: (1) the socio-cultural context for women's entrepreneurship; (2) women's entrepreneurship as emancipation from traditional family roles; and (3) government policies and programs and self-determination in women's entrepreneurship. This illuminating and inspiring book offers valuable insights for students of women's entrepreneurship, practicing entrepreneurs, and public policy makers interested in promoting women's entrepreneurship in different cultural contexts around the world.

Elgar Research Agendas outline the future of research in a given area. Leading scholars are given the space to explore their subject in provocative ways, and map out the potential directions of travel. They are relevant but also visionary. This insightful Research Agenda explores social finance and impact investing, surveying the latest research in this area. It considers a range of actors from across the social finance ecosystem, from investors and social banks, to the entrepreneurs who propose sustainable solutions and seek finance. Chapters discuss a variety of key topics, including impact investing practices by philanthropic and renewable energy sectors, the financing of social enterprises, social ventures and the effect of banking on the Sustainable Development Goals. The Research Agenda also examines market-figures to provide a holistic overview of the social finance and impact investing markets. Considering the perspectives of both investors and investees, this Research Agenda will be a useful guide for scholars and researchers in the areas of social finance, social entrepreneurship, impact investing and sustainability. Its evaluation of the challenges and successes of multiple social finance sectors will also be beneficial for practitioners in these fields.

Elgar Advanced Introductions are stimulating and thoughtful introductions to major fields in the social sciences, business and law, expertly written by the world's leading scholars. Designed to be accessible yet rigorous, they offer concise and lucid surveys of the substantive and policy issues associated with discrete subject areas. Fully revised and updated, this Advanced Introduction provides a comprehensive understanding of entrepreneurial finance of new and growing ventures. With a unique research-based focus, Hans Landstroem synthesizes contemporary knowledge and presents diverse theoretical approaches to explain financial decision-making in entrepreneurial ventures. New features include: An updated synthesis of knowledge on entrepreneurial finance, which highlights accumulated knowledge as well as new contributions in entrepreneurial finance research Emphasis on entrepreneurial finance from the perspective of both entrepreneurs as well as capital providers An elaboration of financial issues not only in high-tech and high growth ventures, but also in the financing of more 'everyday' ventures A consideration of the ways the financial landscape has changed, featuring analysis of the FinTech revolution, crowdfunding and initial coin offerings (ICOs). This second edition will serve as an excellent up-to-date resource for advanced students and scholars in entrepreneurship, innovation, finance, and business. Policy-makers interested in financial issues in young and growing ventures will also find this Advanced Introduction a useful tool for exploring financial decision-making from an entrepreneur's perspective.