Evidence synthesis is the evaluation or analysis of research evidence and opinion on a specific topic to aid in decision-making in health care. Although the science of evidence synthesis has developed most rapidly in relation to the meta-analysis of numerical data linked to theories of cause and effect, the further development of theoretical understandings and propositions of the nature of evidence, its role in health care delivery, and the facilitation of improved global health have increased rapidly since 2000. The articles appearing in this issue examine the role of evidence synthesis in nursing and health care and are written by expert translational scientists from across the world. Three introductory articles overview evidence synthesis and its role in evidence-based health care; methods, issues, and trends in the systematic review of health care evidence; and the development of a robust evidence base for nursing. Subsequent articles explore the impact of systematic reviews on policy and practice in a variety of settings, including perioperative care, pediatrics, rehabilitation and long-term/continuing care, mental health, and public health. The final articles discuss the impact of evidence on health policy and practice and the complexities of translating evidence into policy and practice. These articles show the importance of synthesizing evidence and translating policy and practice into action in our quest to improve health care and health outcomes.

A historical review of the evolution of concepts, postulates and guidelines concerning disease causation from early germ theory to current work in the area of chronic noncontagious diseases. Students and researchers in epidemiology, clinical medicine, microbiology and related fields will value discussion of changing criteria as these apply to speci

Regulated Cell Death Part A & Part B of Methods in Enzymology continues the legacy of this premier serial with quality chapters authored by leaders in the field. This volume covers research methods in apoptosis focusing on the important areas of intrinsic pathway, extrinsic pathway, caspases, cellular assays and post-apoptotic effects and model organisms; as well as topics on necroptosis and screening approaches.
Continues the legacy of this premier serial with quality chapters authored by leaders in the field Covers research methods in biomineralization scienceRegulated Cell Death Part A & Part B contains sections on such topics as apoptosis focusing on the important areas of intrinsic pathway, extrinsic pathway, caspases, cellular assays and post-apoptotic effects and model organisms; as well as topics on necroptosis and screening approaches

The sodium channel, a ubiquitous member of the cardiac, neural, and muscular conduction systems, has been implicated in the pathogenesis of an array of human diseases. Mutations associated with the cardiac sodium channel are responsible for a wide spectrum of disorders. The cardiac sodium channel and associated disorders are comprehensively examined in this issues of the Cardiac Electrophysiology Clinics.

This issue of the Medical Clinics of North America, edited by Douglas Paauw, is devoted to Common Symptoms in the Ambulatory Setting.? Articles in this issue include: Evaluation and treatment of chronic cough; Evaluation and treatment of lower back pain; Lower extremity symptoms; Common dermatologic problems; Evaluation and treatment of shoulder pain; Headache; Evaluation and treatment of colonic symptoms; Dyspepsia; Insomnia; Dizziness; Fatigue; Common anal problems; Involuntary Weight Loss; Evaluation and treatment of neck pain; and Multiple unexplained symptoms.

This issue begins with an overview that distinguishes evidence-based practice (EBP) and translation science, followed by a description of Hawaii's statewide EBP program that uses active and multifaceted translation science strategies to facilitate the rate and extent of adoption of EBP changes. With one exception, the remaining articles describe individual EBP projects from five different health care facilities that used the Iowa Model to guide their work. Each article includes an evidence summary, a description of implementation strategies, an evaluation of the innovation, and lessons learned. These completed projects were initiated between 2009 and 2012, address a variety of topical nursing issues, and, for the most part, focus on preventing complications (ie, blood sugar elevations, increased lengths of stay, extubation failures, noise-related injury, pain, surgical site infections, pneumonia, restraint use, delirium, and fever). An additional article describes the use of evidence to inform simulation-based learning, a possible strategy for ensuring competencies in and compliance with EBP interventions. Nursing leaders will come away with solid information about utilizing EBP to improve patient outcomes. The Hawaii program demonstrates that health care quality can be realized by employing the best available evidence and empowering the nursing workforce. It also offers a glimpse of the care that the future nursing workforce could provide to create a health system that provides accessible, affordable and quality care to everyone in the United States.

This issue of the Atlas of the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Clinics of North America serves as an aid to identification of 70 of the more important head and neck syndromes, and organized using the same nosology as in the landmark text of Robert Gorlin. As such, it should be useful to a varied audience, including not only the oral and maxillofacial surgeon but also the oral pathologist, the practitioner of oral medicine, and members of the craniofacial team--the orthodontist, pediatric dentist, speech and language specialist, geneticist, plastic surgeon, ENT specialist, pediatrician, nurse coordinator, and others. Areas covered include: Craniosynostosis Syndromes; Syndromes Affecting Bone; Metabolic and Autoimmune Syndromes; Syndromes Affecting Skin and Mucosa; Hamartoneoplastic Syndromes; Branchial Arch Syndromes; Clefting Syndromes; Syndromes Affecting the Central Nervous System; Chromosomal Syndromes; Syndromes with Unusual Facies; and Syndromes with Unusual Dental Findings or Gingival Components.

A cross-disciplinary approach to the complex problems of obesity.

The Year Book of Medicine brings you abstracts of the articles that reported the year's breakthrough developments in medicine, carefully selected from more than 500 journals worldwide. Expert commentaries evaluate the clinical importance of each article and discuss its application to your practice. There's no faster or easier way to stay informed Sections are included on Rheumatology, Infectious Disease, Hematology and Oncology, Kidney, Water, and Electrolytes, Pulmonary Disease, Heart and Cardiovascular Disease, The Digestive System, and Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism.

To ensure the best outcomes, cardiologist must have a deep understanding of the design, manufacturing, and malfunctions of implantable devices. This issue of Cardiac Electrophysiology thoroughly examines implantable devices, providing the most reliable and updated information. Topics include MRI conditionally safe pacemakers, complications in lead extraction, troubleshooting malfunctioning pacemakers and ICDs.

This issue of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Clinics devoted to Multiple Sclerosis is Guest Edited by Drs. George Kraft and Shana Johnson. Articles in this issue include: Gait Impairment and Optimizing Mobility in MS; Spasticity management; Exercise; ADLs and Adaptive Equipment; Movement Disorders; Fatigue Management; Cognitive Impairment and Management; Neurogenic Bladder and Bowel; Visual Issues; Depression and Pain; Adaptive Technology and Vocational Issues; Aging; Evoked Potentials; and Research.

Integrated Medical Sciences: The Essentials is a concise, accessible, problem-based approach to the subject using case scenarios to facilitate students taking their pre-clinical or basic sciences examinations.Using a family of characters in each case scenario, the aim of the text is to reflect the current changes in medical and biomedical science curriculum that is increasingly moving towards a more integrated approach through problem-based learning. The characters, all members of an extended family, will appear in several scenarios and the student will become familiar with their personalities and their disease processes. Each case study will therefore cover the relevant anatomy, physiology, pathology, pharmacology, microbiology, immunology and biochemistry and enable the reader to grasp the key concepts of basic medical sciences in an integrated fashion.

Takes an integrated approach to the subject to reflect recent changes in medical and biomedical science curriculum Further Study sections to enhance understanding and enable the student to read around the subject Intended learning outcomes included at the beginning of each chapter Trigger Boxes containing key facts and revision questions included throughout to ensure key concepts are fully understood

An essential text for first and second year undergraduates taking medical or biomedical sciences (during the pre-clinical phase for medical students.). The book will also be invaluable to nursing degree students and allied health students taking courses in dentistry, physiotherapy and pharmacy. In addition, the book will be ideal for US and International medical students preparing for the USMLE Step 1 examination.

This issue of Medical Clinics will focus on the common foot and ankle problems that internal medicine doctors often face in the outpatient setting. The articles in this issue will review best practices for managing and treating patients who present with such common injuries hammertoes, ankle sprains, plantar fasciitis, and achilles tendon strains.

This special volume of "Progress in Molecular Biology and Translational Science "focuses on the molecular biology of arrestins, with contributions from leaders in the field. Arrestins have emerged as central players in the regulation of many facets of G protein-coupled receptor signaling. This volume covers a variety of topics with reviews written by experts in the field.

Key features:

* Contributions from leading authorities * Informs and updates on all the latest developments in the field

This issue examines PET-MRI with evolving but potentially competing technologies. The guest editors have put together an extremely timely issue as practicing radiologists are increasingly curious about the role of diffusion weighted imaging with MRI as a competing or a complementary technique to PET.

This is a concise handbook providing a quick clinical reference on Chinese medicinal treatments for many diseases, based on traditional Chinese medicine theory and practice. Organized by different clinical conditions and diseases, it provides clinicians and healthcare professionals with definitions and recommended treatment methods, especially herbal medicine formulae. In addition to being a comprehensive quick reference source, this handbook also conveys a generalized understanding of Traditional Chinese Medicine.

This issue of Critical Care Nursing Clinics, Guest Edited by Stephen D. Krau, PhD, RN, CNE, from Vanderbilt University, will focus on Summer Trauma. Article topics will include Tick bites, Rabies, Snake bites, West Nile Virus, Spider bites, Allergic Reactions to Bee and Wasp Stings, Heat Exhaustation and Stroke, Near Drowning, and Musculoskeletal Injuries.

Lymphedema is swelling caused by the abnormal accumulation of lymphatic fluid in the skin. Lymphedema can be caused by burns, injury, surgery, radiation therapy, obesity, or circulatory problems. Many breast- and prostate-cancer survivors have, or risk developing, lymphedema. There is also an inherited form. If not treated, lymphedema can be painful and lead to life-threatening infections. This book will help you live well with lymphedema through treatment, self-management, and helpful tips for daily living. It will also help you understand how the lymphatic system works, how lymphedema is diagnosed, how to cope with the emotional challenges of lymphedema, how to find treatment, and deal with insurance issues. Living Well is for those with, or at risk for, lymphedema as well as healthcare professionals, caregivers, and friends and family.

Kidney stones affect nearly 3 million people every year and the management of these stones can often be complicated. This issue of the Urologic Clinics covers all of the current treatments for kidney stones from medicine to surgery. There are also articles on pathology, imaging, and diet and alternative therapies.

In October of 2011, CLSI published a new guideline EP23A on "Laboratory Quality Control Based on Risk Management.? In March, 2012, CMS announced its intention to incorporate key concepts from EP23A into its Interpretative Guidelines and QC policy for "Individualized Quality Control Plans.? Thus begins a new era of Quality Control in the Age of Risk Management. This issue is intended to help laboratories with the transition between traditional QC practices and the new risk management approach. Laboratories face a steep learning curve to apply risk analysis for identifying and prioritizing failure-modes, developing and implementing control mechanisms to detect those failure-modes, and assessing the acceptability of the residual risks that exist after implementation of a QC Plan. One of the main benefits of the new risk analysis based QC Plans should be an integration of all the control mechanisms that are needed to monitor the total testing process, including pre-analytic, analytic, and post-analytic controls.? One of the main risks of the new approach is an expectation that Statistical QC is no longer important, even though SQC still remains the most useful and flexible approach for monitoring the quality of the analytic process. The key to the future is the successful integration of all these control mechanisms to provide a cost-effective quality system that monitors all phases of the total testing process. This issue should help laboratories understand the evolution of QC practices to include risk management, but also to recognize the need to maintain traditional techniques such as Statistical QC, especially during the transition to well-designed and carefully-validated QC Plans. Risk analysis may be risky business unless laboratories proceed carefully and cautiously.

This volume complies a set of Data Mining techniques and new applications in real biomedical scenarios. Chapters focus on innovative data mining techniques, biomedical datasets and streams analysis, and real applications. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters are thought to show to Medical Doctors and Engineers the new trends and techniques that are being applied to Clinical Medicine with the arrival of new Information and Communication technologies Authoritative and practical, Data Mining in Clinical Medicine seeks to aid scientists with new approaches and trends in the field.

"Animal Models for the Study of Human Disease" identifies important animal models and assesses the advantages and disadvantages of each model for the study of human disease. Thefirst section addresses how to locate resources, animal alternatives, animal ethics and related issues, much needed information for researchers across the biological sciences and biomedicine.The next sections of the work offers models for disease-oriented topics, including cardiac and pulmonary diseases, aging, infectious diseases, obesity, diabetes, neurological diseases, joint diseases, visual disorders, cancer, hypertension, genetic diseases, and diseases of abuse.
Organized by disease orientation for ease of searchabilityProvides information on locating resources, animal alternatives and animal ethicsCovers a broad range of animal models used in research for human disease"