LA WRENCE G. RAISZ, MD Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Connecticut Health Center. Farmington. CT The rapid transfer of new knowledge concerning the pathogenesis, diagnosis, preven tion, and treatment of disease into clinical practice has always been a major challenge in medicine. This challenge is particularly difficult to meet in osteoporosis, not only because has been so much new knowledge generated in recent years, but also because this there disorder has not caught the attention of many practicing physicians. The goal of this volume is to help primary care physicians develop a better understanding of osteoporosis and a more effective approach to diagnosis, prevention, and treatment. As primary care physicians become more and more responsible for the maintenance of health and the prevention of disease, osteoporosis must become one of their important concerns. The magnitude of the problem of osteoporosis has been widely publicized. Within the next 30 years, the cost of hip fractures alone is expected to exceed $40 billion a year in the United States and will be a major cause ofincreased mortality. In addition, vertebral crush fractures will cripple more and more of our elderly population, both men and women. This enormous toll is not inevitable. Current methods of identifying individuals at risk and applying preventive programs could reduce the incidence offractures by 50% or more. This should be the minimum goal of clinicians."

Reversibility of Chronic Disease and Hypersensitivity, Volume 4: The Environmental Aspects of Chemical Sensitivity is the fourth of an encyclopedic five-volume set describing the basic physiology, chemical sensitivity, diagnosis, and treatment of chronic degenerative disease studied in a 5x less polluted controlled environment. This text focuses on treatment techniques, strategies, protocols, prescriptions, and technologies. Distinguishing itself from previous works on chemical sensitivity, it explains newly understood mechanisms of chronic disease and hypersensitivity, involving core molecular function. The authors discuss new information on ground regulation system, genetics, the autonomic nervous system, and immune and non-immune functions. The book also includes the latest technology and cutting-edge techniques, numerous figures, and supporting research.

Anthocyanins, polyphenolic compounds abundant in certain foods, are responsible for the orange-red to blue-violet hues evident in many fruits, vegetables, cereal grains, and flowers. Interest in these pigments has intensified due to their potential health-promoting properties as dietary antioxidants, as well as their use as natural dyes in a variety of products. Mechanistic studies from in vitro experiments as well as in vivo clinical trials demonstrate wide-ranging efficacy and biological activity of anthocyanins. Anthocyanins in Health and Disease presents the first comprehensive review of modern-day research on the relationship of anthocyanins to human health and disease. Written by an interdisciplinary group of distinguished scientists, this book examines the bioavailability, chemistry, metabolism, and efficacy of anthocyanins, as well as their role in protecting the body from several age- and obesity-related chronic diseases. Chapters cover the absorption, digestion, metabolism, and excretion of anthocyanins; current methodology for the assessment of anthocyanins in the blood, plasma, urine, and tissues; and anthocyanins as potent antioxidants. The book discusses health-related topics such as anthocyanins and protection against disease, including cardiovascular disease, metabolic syndrome, type-2 diabetes, and cancers of the gastrointestinal tract. It also addresses health-promoting effects of anthocyanins, namely, maintenance of normal vision and prevention of ocular pathologies, protective effects against skin aging, and their role in innate immunity and exercise. Covering a wide array of specialized knowledge, this book provides an authoritative source of information on the role of anthocyanins in health and disease, an important step toward advancing research and enhancing communication on these functional ingredients.

The Understanding GERD chart presents a detailed overview of the symptoms and causes of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD). Several views show normal esophagus and stomach anatomy, as well as GERD, esophagitis and Barrett's esophagus. Heavy cover stock with protective varnish for durability.

Research into metabolic bone disease has made remarkable progress over the last 20 years, with the identification of numerous new molecules and pathways regulating bone cells as well as their plasma milieu. Their activities are largely regulated by the physiological status of the body incorporating the biochemical, physical and mechanical functions of bone, kidney and intestinal tissues. The Physiological Basis of Metabolic Bone Disease integrates the knowledge derived from molecular techniques with the fundamental principles of the physiology of these organs. The book places particular emphasis on bone cell activities and the regulation of plasma calcium, phosphate homeostasis, and whole body nutrition. It reviews the nutritional requirements for calcium and vitamin D for the prevention of osteoporosis. It covers vitamin D, calcium and phosphate absorption; calcium sensing receptors; the role of parathyroid hormone; physiological actions of calcitonin; and the diagnosis and significance of osteoporosis. Reviewing the physiological significance of advances in the molecular biology of metabolic bone disease, this book provides a valuable reference for researchers as well as practicing clinicians.

Chronic diseases have become predominant in Western societies and in many developing countries. They affect quality of life and daily activities and require regular medical care. This unique monograph will bring readers up to date with chronic disease research, with a focus on health-related quality of life and patient perception of the impact of the diseases and health intervention, as well as psychological adaptation to the disease. It considers the application of concepts and measures in medical and psychological clinical practice and in public health policies. Informed by theory, philosophy, history and empirical research, chapters will indicate how readers might advance their own thinking, learning, practice and research. The book is intended to be provocative and challenging to enhance discussion about theory as a key component of research and practice. Perceived Health and Adaptation in Chronic Disease will be of interest to researchers and academics alike. It boasts a wide range of contributions from leading international specialists from Australia, Canada, Denmark, France, Germany, the Netherlands, Spain, Sweden, the UK and the USA. This has also allowed the book to provide readers with a multidisciplinary approach.

Recent advances in immunology and biology have opened new horizons in cancer therapy, included in the expanding array of cancer treatment options, which are immunotherapies, or cancer vaccines, for both solid and blood borne cancers. Cancer Vaccines: Challenges and Opportunities in Translation is the first text in the field to bring immunotherapy treatments from the laboratory trial to the bedside for the practicing oncologist. Cancer Vaccines: Challenges and Opportunities in Translation: Critically analyzes the most promising classes of investigational immunotherapies, integrating their scientific rationale and clinical potential Discusses "theranostics" as pertaining to immunotherapy, i.e., using molecular diagnostics to identify patients that would most likely benefit from a therapy Presents the new paradigm of biomarker guided R&D and clinical development in immunotherapy of cancer Reviews bottlenecks in translational process of immunotherapies and offers strategies to resolve them

This book presents key concepts in the structure and function of vascular smooth muscle cells in health and disease. Supplemental reading may be drawn from the extensive references listed at the end of each chapter. Vascular smooth muscle cell is the major cell type in blood vessels. Dysfunction of vascular smooth muscle cells is an important cause of vascular diseases, for example, atherosclerosis, hypertension, and circulatory shock. Vascular smooth muscle cells are phenotypically plastic, capable of switching between two major phenotypes - contractile/differentiated phenotype and invasive/proliferative phenotype in response to environmental clues. Chapter 1 introduces the major areas of research presented in this monograph. Chapters 2 to 4 address the structure and function of the contractile/differentiated phenotype of vascular smooth muscle cell. Chapters 5 and 6 address the developmental basis of vascular smooth muscle cell phenotype and structure and function of podosomes (invasive organelles) in the invasive/proliferative phenotype of vascular smooth muscle cell. Chapters 7 to 9 address the role of vascular smooth muscle cell dysfunction in vascular diseases - atherosclerosis, hypertension, and circulatory shock.

Neuroendocrine Factors in Ulcer Pathogenesis: Role of Sensory Neurons in the Control of Gastric Mucosal Blood Flow and Protection; P. Holzer, et al. Sympathoadrenergic Regulation of Duodenal Mucosal Alkaline Secretion; L. Fandriks, C. Joenson. Potentiation of Intestinal Secretory Responses to Histamine: Pathophysiological Implications; P. Rangachari, et al. Braingut Interactions in Ulcer Pathogenesis: Neuroendocrine Control of Gastric Acid Secretion; Y. Osumi. Corticotropinreleasing Factor in Stressinduced Changes in Gastrointestinal Transit; T. Burks. Stress, Corticotrophinreleasing Factor; (CRF) and Gastric Function; H. Weiner. Novel Therapeutic Approaches to Gastrointestinal Ulceration: The Gastric Mucosal Barrier: A Dynamic, Multifunctional System; A. Garner, et al. New Approaches to Gastroprotection: Calcium Modulators; G.B. Glavin, A.M. Hall. Efficacy of Dopaminergic Agents in Peptic Ulcer Healing and Relapse Prevention: Further Indication of the Importance of Stomach Dopamine in the Stressorganoprotection Concept; P. Sikiric, et al. Dietary Factors Influencing Gastrointestinal Ulceration: The Luminal Regulatory System; F. Guarner, et al. 14 additional articles. Index.

First Published in 1993. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.

Recognized experts comprehensively review the clinical, surgical, radiological, and scientific aspects of atherosclerotic peripheral arterial disease (PAD), including endovascular, gene, and drug therapies. In their far-ranging discussions, the authors examine in depth the risk factors and antiplatelet therapies for PAD patients at high risk for suffering a heart attack and/or and stroke, the question of exercise rehabilitation, the surgical approaches to revascularization, and the preoperative evaluation and perioperative management of the vascular patient. Completing this detailed overview is important information on ameliorating the risk factors for PAD, its pathogenesis and epidemiology, and the physiological and pathophysiological basis of available diagnostic tests.

Although the first description of patients with what we now call Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis was published well before 1900, both disorders seem to be diseases of the twentieth century. At the very start of the twenty-first century, it therefore seems appropriate to look back and at the same time look forward and to assess what knowledge has been gained during the last 100 years and in what direction research and thereby clinical practice will go in the future. This book, the proceedings of Falk Symposium No. 111 held in Freiburg, Germany, on June 19-20 1999, contains contributions from experienced senior scientists on the state of the art in pathophysiology, diagnosis and treatment, together with unpublished and new findings from young researchers. Basic scientists and clinicians are thereby involved in an exchange of information which will lead to new directions for future research and clinical management of inflammatory bowel diseases.

Part of the "What Do I Do Now?: Palliative Care" series, Pain uses thought-provoking, real-world cases to illustrate concepts, approaches to therapy, and potential barriers to optimal care presented by a diverse panel of interdisciplinary authors. Pain is a frequent and distressing symptom encountered by those with serious or life-limiting illness and may present in a multitude of fashions and from a wide array of etiologies. This book intertwines pharmacologic, nonpharmacologic, and ethical principles of pain control within case-based discussions, allowing readers to expect: * Unique perspectives of pain control, from numerous essential members of the healthcare team; * An engaging collection of cases that illustrate the most current approaches to the most commonly encountered pain syndromes in palliative care; * Chapters that begin with cases and that utilize a conversational tone throughout, like a "curb-side" consult with a seasoned colleague. Consisting of 46 chapters that cover everything from antidepressants to cannabis, cultural competency to bone pain, this volume is also a self-assessment tool that tests the reader's ability to answer the question, "What do I do now?"

This book is a fact-based guide to the appropriate use of fish oil as nature's safest and most effective anti-inflammatory.

Gene therapy for inflammatory diseases is a new, burgeoning field of medicine. Edited by the undisputed pioneers of this area of research, this volume is the first devoted to its topic. It contains thirteen chapters, each written by leaders in their respective fields, that summarize the state of the art in developing novel, gene based treatments for inflammatory diseases. As well as providing an introduction to the basic concepts of gene therapy and the use of naked DNA approaches, the book describes the advances that have been made in applying them to arthritis, lupus, multiple sclerosis, diabetes, Sjogrens syndrome and transplantation.One chapter is devoted to discussing the first human clinical trials that apply gene therapy to the treatment of an inflammatory disease. As well as providing novel therapeutic approaches, gene therapy facilitates the development of new and improved animal models of disease; a chapter describing these advances is also included. As an up-to-date, timely book written by th

Parenteral nutrition is the standard of care for patients who are unable to maintain nutritional status via the gastrointestinal tract. New techniques in this therapy are giving patients with intestinal failure the time they need to achieve maximal intestinal rehabilitation and return to a more normal and productive life. Edited and written by an international group of experts in the field, Intestinal Failure and Rehabilitation: A Clinical Guide presents the most current information regarding the prevention, diagnosis, care, and management of patients with intestinal failure. Organized in a logical manner, the book opens with a review of the basic principles and concepts, and progresses into discussions on diagnostic evaluation using a variety of techniques, and treatment plan formulation. The next section addresses dietary modifications, medical management, the use of trophic substances, enteral and parenteral nutrition, surgery, and transplantation. Following a discussion of special considerations, such as pediatrics and enterostomaltherapy, the text concludes with outcomes and future directions for research. This volume is devoted solely to intestinal failure and all of the information is supported by evidence-based medicine. It greatly enhances understanding of this area and aids in the care and rehabilitation of individuals with intestinal insufficiency.

Approximately 500,000 people in North America and Western Europe die from obesity-related diseases every year. This figure can only increase as efforts to stem this tide lag behind the rise of the overweight population. In the West especially, though by no means exclusively, the associated cost in human lives and suffering is accompanied by an increased strain on healthcare budgets. Partly for this reason, the biomedical community is looking beyond lifestyle changes to search for a drug or drugs that can tackle the problem. A number of potential candidates have come and gone, and still the current level of research into the pharmacotherapy of obesity is unprecedented. Pharmacotherapy of Obesity looks at the drugs currently available and those in development, exploring their mechanisms of action and their best use in the patient. However, this volume also looks at non-drug therapies, exercise regimes, surgery, behavioral treatment and alternative techniques such as acupuncture. The book closes with a look at the contribution that genomics is making to the search for new drugs, and looks ahead to what such drugs might be like. Produced by leading experts in the field, Pharmacotherapy of Obesity provides an essential, multi-disciplinary view of the treatment of obesity. It is ideal for anyone involved in obesity management, whether clinical or research-based, and for researchers in pharmacology, physiology, or the pharmaceutical industry.

When does a young girl's behaviour become a disease? In sixteenth-century Europe, the disease of virgins, or green sickness, was seen as a common disorder affecting young unmarried girls. Its symptoms included weakness, dietary disturbance, lack of menstruation and most significantly, a change in skin colour. Understanding of the condition turned puberty and virginity into medical problems, and proposed to cure them by bloodletting, diet, exercise, and marriage. Helen King examines the origins and history of the disease, from its roots in the classical tradition to its extraordinary survival into the 1920s, despite changes in how the mechanisms of puberty and menstruation were understood, and enormous shifts in medical theories and technologies. From menstrual disturbance to eating disorders, from liver disease to blood disorder, the disease of virgins has been adjusted throughout its history to fit medical fashions. However, little changed in the underlying ideas about the female body, and the need to regulate the sexuality of young women. This compelling study poses a number of questions about the nature of disease itself and the relationship between illness, body image and what

These proceedings of Falk Symposium 110 on `Intestinal Mucosa and its Diseases - Pathophysiology and Clinics' held at Titisee/Black Forest, Germany, 16-17 October 1998, comprehensively review salient clinical as well as scientific aspects - pending or settled - of the main intestinal diseases. In particular, chapters deal with infectious and neuroendocrine diarrhoeas, coeliac sprue, allergic enteropathy, intestinal lymphomas, colorectal carcinomas, and chronic inflammatory bowel diseases, in terms of clinical presentation as well as underlying mechanisms. This book therefore aims to bridge the gaps between basic science and clinics for the eventual treatment of patients afflicted with these diseases.

The monograph applies sophisticated topological symmetry tools to biological applications of information theory, along with a Black-Scholes model invocation of the Data Rate Theorem which links information and control theories. The focus is on statistical mechanics and other models that explore pathological phase transitions - driven by changes in available rates of mitochondrial free energy - in physiological functions, a cutting-edge topic in the study of chronic disease. One of the key focuses is Alzheimer's disease - a relatively simple canonical example.

Whilst the body has recently assumed greater sociological significance, there has been less engagement in social work and social care on the bodily experience of health, illness and disease. This innovative volume redresses the balance by exploring chronic illness and social work, through the specific lens of autoimmunity, engaging in wider debates around vulnerability, resistance and the lived experience of ongoing ill-health. Moving beyond existing conceptualisations of vulnerability as an issue of mental distress, ageing, child protection and poverty, Price and Walker demonstrate the role that society has to play in actively engaging the physical body, rather than working around and through it. The book focuses on auto-immune conditions such as lupus, multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis and scleroderma. Conditions like these allow for an exploration of the materiality of illness which exacerbates social and economic vulnerability and may precipitate personal and social crises, requiring a variety of interventions and support. The risks and challenges associated with chronic illness include disruptions to a sense of self and identity, altered relationships and the renegotiation of roles and responsibilities in a variety of relationships in addition to an economic impact, with the potential for disruption to employment status and financial insecurity. This text opens up a range of debates around some of the central concerns of the social work profession, including vulnerability, ill-health, and independence. It will be of interest to scholars and students of social work, nursing, disability studies, medicine and the social sciences.

Contents:
Part 1. Specific Lesions 1. Alcoholic Fatty Liver Andrew J. Bathgate and Kenneth J. Simpson 2. Alcoholic Hepatitus H. Denk, K. Zatloukal and C. StumptnerIN 3. Fibrosis in Alcoholic Cirrhosis Samuel W. French Part 2. Direct and Indirect Consequences of Alcohol Metabolism 4. Genetics of Ethanol Metabolism and Alcoholic Liver Disease Paul Y. Kwo and David W. Crabb 5. Acetaldehyde Adducts: Role in Ethanol-Induced Liver Disease John Koskinas Part 3. Mechanisms of Damage 6. Free Radicals and Alcohol-Induced Liver Injury Emanuele Albano 7. Ethanol and the Hepatic Microcirculation Robert S. McCuskey 8. Cytokines and Alcohol Liver Disease F. Javier Laso, J. Ignacio Madruga Alberto Orfao 9. Adhesion Molecules and Chemokines in Alcoholic Liver Disease Neil C. Fisher and David H. Adams 10. Role of Endotoxin and Kupffer Cells as Triggers of Hypoxia-Reoxygenation in Alcoholic Liver Injury R.G. Thurman, B.U. Bradford, K.T. Knecht, Y. Iimuro, G.E. Arteel, M. Yin, H.D. Connor, C. Rivera, J.A. Raleigh, M.V. Frankenberg, Y. Adachi, D.T. Forman, D. Brenner, M. Kadiiska and R.P. Mason 11. Ethanol and Protein Turnover Elena Volpi 12. Insulin-Like Growth Factors: Clinical and Experimental Anthony J. Donaghy 13. Cellular Mechanisms of Liver Regeneration and the Effect of Alcohol Martin Phillips, Elika Kashef and Robin Hughes 14. Alcohol and Hepatocellular Carcinoma Stephen D. Ryder 15. Animal Models of Ethanol-Induced Liver Disease Harri A. Järveläinen and Kai O. Lindros Part 4. Epidemiology and Diagnosis 16. Epidemiology and Comparative Incidence of Alcohol-Induced Liver Disease John B. Saunders and Benedict M. Devereaux 17. Serum Diagnosis of Alcoholic Liver Disease and Markers of Ethanol Intake Onni Niemelä Part 5. Extrahepatic Effects 18. Extrahepatic Effects of Alcohol: An Overview Helen L. Reeves and Christopher P. Day 19. Endocrine System Christian Gluud 20. Cardiomyopathy and Skeletal Muscle Myopathy Alvaro Urbano-Márquez, Joaquim Fernández-Solà and Ramon Estruch 21. Cerebral Consequences of Alcoholic Liver Disease Roger F. Butterworth Part 6. Management 22. General Management of Alcoholic Liver Disease Martin Phillips and John O'Grady 23. The Role of the Psychiatrist in the Treatment of Alcoholic Liver Disease José Martínez-Raga and E. Jane Marshall 24. Pharmacological Treatment for Alcoholic Hepatitis and Cirrhosis: Present Practice and Future Strategies Philippe Mathurin and Thierry Poynard 25. Nutritional Support in Alcoholic Liver Disease: Practical Management and Future Strategies Angela Madden 26. Alcohol and Viral Hepatitis: Interactions and Management Albert Parés and Joan Caballería 27. Liver Transplantation in Alcoholic Liver Disease Stephen P. Pereira and Roger Williams

This book synthesizes the flourishing field of anthropology of infectious disease in a critical, biocultural framework. Leading medical anthropologist Merrill Singer holistically unites the behaviors of microorganisms and the activities of complex social systems, showing how we exist with pathogenic agents of disease in a complex process of co-evolution. He also connects human diseases to larger ecosystems and various other species that are future sources of new human infections. Anthropology of Infectious Disease integrates and advances research in this growing, multifaceted area and offers an ideal supplement to courses in anthropology, public health, development studies, and related fields.