Contains selected invited papers presented at the 10th International Symposium on Surfactants in Solution held in Caracas, Venezuela. The volume covers phase behaviour of monolayers, contact angle hysteresis, micellar relaxation, micellar catalyzed reactions, polymerization in microemulsions, polymer-surfactant complexation, asphaltenes, and more.

This is one of the first books fully dedicated to the rapidly advancing and expanding research area of deep eutectic solvents. Written by the internationally recognized expert in solution chemistry, it supplies full information regarding preparation of these new eco-friendly solvents, their properties and applications. The current and potential applications of deep eutectic solvents as organic reaction media, catalytic system, in biomass processing, nanotechnology and metal finishing industry, as well as for extraction and separation are extensively discussed.This highly informative and carefully presented book will appeal to practicing chemists (organic chemists, polymer chemists, biochemists) as well as chemical engineers and environmental scientists.

The use of positive muons to simulate protons in solids is a relatively new, but already successful field of research, which exploits the unique properties of the muon. This book is a collection of papers for special issues of the Philosophical Magazine Part B and the Philosophical Magazine Transactions A, together with previously unreleased material presented at a seminar on the subject. The 30 papers here are written by an international team of experts who effectively cover both the theoretical and experimental aspects of the subject.

This monograph deals with the interrelationship between chemistry and physics, and especially the role played by quantum chemistry as a theory in between these two disciplines. The author uses structuralist approach to explore the overlap between the two sciences, looking at their theoretical and ontological borrowings as well as their continuity. The starting point of this book is that there is at least a form of unity between chemistry and physics, where the reduction relation is conceived as a special case of this unity. However, matters are never concluded so simply within philosophy of chemistry, as significant problems exist around a number of core chemical ideas. Specifically, one cannot take the obvious success of quantum theories as outright support for a reductive relationship. Instead, in the context of a suitably adapted Nagelian framework for reduction, modern chemistry's relationship to physics is constitutive. The results provided by quantum chemistry, in partic ular, have significant consequences for chemical ontology. This book is ideal for students, scholars and academics from the field of Philosophy of Science, and particularly for those with an interest in Philosophy of Chemistry and Physics.

This thesis presents results from a combined atomic-resolution Z-contrast and annular bright-field imaging and electron energy loss spectroscopy in the Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy, as well as first principles studies of the interfaces between crystalline " "" "Si3N4 and amorphous (i) CeO2-x as well as (ii) SiO2 intergranular film (IGF). These interfaces are of a great fundamental and technological interest because they play an important role in the microstructural evolution and mechanical properties of Si3N4 ceramics used in many high temperature and pressure applications. The main contribution of this work is its detailed description of the bonding characteristics of "light" atoms, in particular oxygen and nitrogen, at these interfaces, which has not been achieved before. The atomic-scale information on the arrangement of both light and heavy atoms is critical for realistic modeling of interface properties, such as interface strength and ion transport, and will facilitate increased control over the performance of ceramic and semiconductor materials for a wide-range of applications."

In this thesis, Matthias Heydt applies digital in-line holography to achieve for the first time a complete three dimensional and real time motion analysis of Ulva zoospores, both in solution and in the vicinity of different surfaces. These results provide previously unknown information about the behavior and mechanism spores use to select a suitable site for settlement. This work gives deeper insight into biofouling algae and stimulates new design strategies for antifouling coatings. Furthermore, the tracking system developed during this research could be used as a new system for assessing the antifouling performance on different surfaces at very early points in time, allowing disentanglement of surface conditioning and interaction of spores with pristine chemistries.

This work highlights the physical chemistry of surfactant solutions, detailing a fundamental method of selecting surfactants for agrochemical formulations and delineating how surfactants enhance the biological efficacy of agrochemicals. The unique properties of surfactants that have a major influence on the performance of an agrochemical are summarized.;The book is intended for physical, surface and colloid chemists; biochemists; microbiologists; agronomists; research and development personnel in the pesticide and fertilizer industries; and upper-level undergraduate and graduate students taking chemistry and chemical engineering courses.;College and university bookstores may order five or more copies at a special price which is available on request from Marcel Dekker Inc.

The intricate interactions between transition metals and ligands are at the heart of a wide variety of chemical, physical and biological phenomena. Understanding these interactions provides a challenge of the first order, cutting across many fields of modern science and impinging on numerous areas of application. The fascinating behavior of these systems has attracted the attention of experimentalists and theorists alike. In this book are collected the main lectures of the NATO ASI on "Metal-Ligand Interactions in Chemistry, Physics and Biology" held in Cetraro, Italy, in September, 1998. This event followed two previous NATO ASI held also in Cetraro in 1991 and 1994 dedicated to "Metal- Ligand Interactions: from Atoms, to Clusters, to Surfaces" and to "Metal- Ligand Interactions: Structure and Reactivity," respectively. The increasing number of participants (115) and of requests to attend (more than 400) confirms the importance and timeliness of this sequence of ASI's as well as the high level of interest for the themes treated. The lectures were organized on the basis of the following topics: -clusters and surfaces -catalysis -inorganic complexes -bioinorganic systems -new experimental techniques -theoretical methodologies and were given by well known leading experts such as: Ivano Bertini, David A. Case, Bernard Coq, Gernot Frenking, Hans J. Freund, Francesc Illas, Jacek Lipkowski, Julius Jellinek, Nino Russo, Dennis R. Vll viii Salahub, Karlheinz Schwarz, Friedrich Siebert, Benoit Simard, Edward I. Solomon and Michael Zemer.

This encyclopaedic reference covers all aspects of modern and traditional perfumery. Each entry includes information on botanical identity, origin, use, history, folklore and examples of the perfumes in which it is a constituent. There are similar entries for modern synthetic ingredients. Detailed descriptions of 200 top commercial fragrances of the present day include their main ingredients, their creators and biographies of those who designed their bottles. The differents types and families of perfumes are listed, together with information on how to choose, use and keep a perfume. There is also a section on home perfume making, which includes an appendix of ancient and modern perfume recipes and formulas.

Conventionally, evolution has always been described in terms of species. The Chemistry of Evolution takes a novel, not to say revolutionary, approach and examines the evolution of chemicals and the use and degradation of energy, coupled to the environment, as the drive behind it. The authors address the major changes of life from bacteria to man in a systematic and unavoidable sequence, reclassifying organisms as chemotypes. Written by the authors of the bestseller The Biological Chemistry of the Elements - The Inorganic Chemistry of Life (Oxford University Press, 1991), the clarity and precision of The Chemistry of Evolution plainly demonstrate that life is totally interactive with the environment. This exciting theory makes this work an essential addition to the academic and public library.
* Provides a novel analysis of evolution in chemical terms
* Stresses Systems Biology
* Examines the connection between life and the environment, starting with the 'big bang' theory
* Reorientates the chemistry of life by emphasising the need to analyse the functions of 20 chemical elements in all organisms

This volume in the Cosmetic Science and Technology series covers the important rheological aspects of cosmetic and toiletry formulations, including theoretical physical chemistry, instrumentation and measuring techniques, raw materials and stability predictions. The work discusses the specific rheological requirements of nail polish, antipersirants and deodorants, dentifrices, hair care products, creams and lotions.

This collection explores state-of-the-art methods and protocols for research on photodynamic therapy (PDT) and its use in a wide range of medical applications, from antiviral to anticancer. Beginning with an extensive section on in vitro and in vivo models, the volume continues with chapters on oxygen-independent photosensitizers, next-generation photosensitization strategies, contemporary insights into the immunomodulatory effects of PDT, antimicrobial effects of PDT, as well as a variety of general biochemical and molecular biological techniques. Written for the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series, chapters include the kind of detailed implementation advice that ensures successful results in the lab. Thorough and authoritative, Photodynamic Therapy: Methods and Protocols serves as an ideal source of inspiration for both new and established PDT scientists and a guide for designing innovative research programs in this continuously advancing and multidisciplinary field.

Following in the wake of Chang's two other best-selling physical chemistry textbooks, this new title introduces laser spectroscopist Jay Thoman (Williams College) as co-author. This new text has been comprehensively reviewed regarding both level and scope. Targeted to a mainstream physical chemistry course, this text features extensively revised chapters on quantum mechanics and spectroscopy, many new chapter-ending problems, and updated references, while biological topics have been largely relegated to the previous two textbooks. Other topics added include the law of corresponding states, the Joule-Thomson effect, the meaning of entropy, multiple equilibria and coupled reactions, and chemiluminescence and bioluminescence. One way to gauge the level of this new text is that students who have used it will be well prepared for their GRE exams in the subject. Careful pedagogy and clear writing throughout combine to make this an excellent choice for your physical chemistry course. Support materials are available for this title. For more details please contact [email protected] "With expanded coverage and more depth, Chang's newest book is now an excellent fit for students on the BS Chemistry track. It will provide them with the rigorous foundations knowledge they need for advanced studies in any sub-disciplines of chemistry, including biochemistry/biophysical chemistry." -Taina Chao, State University of New York, Purchase "The most student-friendly P Chem text available." -Howard Mayne, University of New Hampshire "I expect this textbook will be high on the list for instructors seeking a thorough, integrated approach to the subject of Physical Chemistry, combined with a clear and conversational writing style." -Alan Van Orden, Colorado State University "The new Chang/Thoman text is very good. I like its approach and it is very easy to read and well organized. In my opinion, this text makes a much better approach to Physical Chemistry than the other texts currently sold." -Mark Obrovac, Dalhousie University NOT AVAILABLE IN NORTH AMERICA AND CANADA

The second edition of this reference provides comprehensive examinations of developments in the processing and applications of carbon black, including the use of new analytical tools such as scanning tunnelling microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and inverse gas chromatography.;Completely rewritten and updated by numerous experts in the field to reflect the enormous growth of the field since the publication of the previous edition, Carbon Black: discusses the mechanism of carbon black formation based on recent advances such as the discovery of fullerenes; elucidates micro- and macrostructure morphology and other physical characteristics; outlines the fractal geometry of carbon black as a new approach to characterization; reviews the effect of carbon black on the electrical and thermal conductivity of filled polymers; delineates the applications of carbon black in elastomers, plastics, and zerographic toners; and surveys possible health consequences of exposure to carbon black.;With over 1200 literature citations, tables, and figures, this resource is intended for physical, polymer, surface and colloid chemists; chemical and plastics engineers; spectroscopists; materials scientists; occupational safety and health physicians; and upper-level undergraduate and graduate students in these disciplines.

to the Fundamental and Applied Catalysis Series Catalysis is important academically and industrially. It plays an essential role in the manufacture of a wide range of products, from gasoline and plastics to fertilizers and herbicides, which would otherwise be unobtainable or prohibitively expensive. There are few chemical-or oil-based material items in modem society that do not depend in some way on a catalytic stage in their manufacture. Apart from manu facturing processes, catalysis is finding other important and ever-increasing uses; for example, successful applications of catalysis in the control of pollution and its use in environmental control are certain to increase in the future. The commercial importance of catalysis and the diverse intellectual challenges of catalytic phenomena have stimulated study by a broad spectrum of scientists, including chemists, physicists, chemical engineers, and material scientists. Increas ing research activity over the years has brought deeper levels of understanding, and these have been associated with a continually growing amount of published material. As recently as sixty years ago, Rideal and Taylor could still treat the subject comprehensively in a single volume, but by the 1950s Emmett required six volumes, and no conventional multivolume text could now cover the whole of catalysis in any depth. In view of this situation, we felt there was a need for a collection of monographs, each one of which would deal at an advanced level with a selected topic, so as to build a catalysis reference library."

Presents current knowledge of intermolecular interactions, the dynamics of wetting and the importance of wettability phenomena in processes and products, detailing the considerations required for wettability in multicomponent systems. Underlying theory and experimental methods are described.

Preface by Sir Harold W. Kroto, FRS Although the discovery of C60 is now almost 15 years old and the extraction occurred 60 nearly ten years ago it is amazing that the range of spin-off research still seems to expand without limits. The birth of the Fullerenes has spawned fascinating research programmes in almost every area of chemistry and physics and this monograph explores a particularly interesting and important area - the behaviour of these pure carbon cages in the presence of high-energy radiation. The C molecules must also be in the space 60 between the stars (albeit in quantities too small to detect at this time) as the conditions in the atmospheres of some carbon stars appear to be almost identical to the plasmas generated in the Kratschmer-Huffman system for making C60. The conditions in space 60 are very varied as it is pervaded by a plethora of high-energy particles (photons, cosmic rays, etc.) and the chapters in this book discuss, among other things, the response of C60 and various derivatives to probing by a range of high-energy particles. Various fullerenes and fullerene salts have been examined by positron annihilation techniques, revealing details of their electronic and structural properties as well as phase transition behaviour. Muons have been implanted to enable mSR techniques to probe with high sensitivity the endohedral electronic structures of fullerenes including those in superconducting systems. Mossbauer spectroscopy can give valuable information about the interactions in certain types of organometallic complexes and in particular it can reveal the degree of charge transfer in endohedral species. Nuclear irradiation/radiochemical analytical techniques have been applied resulting in information ranging widely from the stability of the fullerene cage containing endohedral metal atoms in various oxidation states to pharmaceutical studies of the distribution of fullerenes in the internal organs of animals. Time resolved pulsed radio lysis provides information at high sensitivity enabling micromolar concentrations to be probed e.g. C60 in water in which it is almost insoluble! Redox and rate constant measurements have given useful information on photolytically generated radical ion pairs involving a variety of fullerenes. Interesting accounts of observations involving the production of rare gas endohedral species by nuclear recoil have revealed information about the recoil mechanism. From the first moment of its discovery the unique cage structure of C60 initiated thoughts about the interesting possibility of encapsulation of atoms and molecules. One possibility that immediately suggested itself was the isolation of chemically toxic radionuclides by encapsulation in the (supposedly chemically innocuous) cage for pharmaceutical purposes. The possibility of creating cages carrying a radioactive atom inside the cage and moieties outside with molecular recognition capabilities is a most exciting prospect and discussion is included of some important first steps aimed at achieving this fascinating breakthrough. Another problem dealt with in this monograph is the effect of elemental impurities which has, as our studies progress, become more and more a matter of concern and interest. Impurities can have important effects on the observed physical and chemical behaviour of fullerenes, especially when very sensitive probe techniques are applied. This valuable book reviews some detailed studies of fundamental properties of fullerenes, which are leading to a deeper understanding of their behaviour in the presence of high energy radiation. The information obtained already and that which will be garnered in future studies of the kind described here is an absolutely necessary prerequisite for success in applications.

Aerosol science and engineering is a vibrant field of particle technology and chemical reaction engineering. The book presents a timely account of this interdisciplinary topic and its various application areas. It will be of interest to scientists or engineers active in aerosol physics, aerosol or colloid chemistry, atmospheric processes, and chemical, mechanical, environmental and/or materials engineering.

The CRC Handbook of Solubility Parameters and Other Cohesion Parameters, Second Edition, which includes 17 new sections and 40 new data tables, incorporates information from a vast amount of material published over the last ten years. The volume is based on a bibliography of 2,900 reports, including 1,200 new citations. The detailed, careful construction of the handbook develops the concept of solubility parameters from empirical, thermodynamic, and molecular points of view and demonstrates their application to liquid, gas, solid, and polymer systems.
Data are presented with self-consistent units and terminology in tables and illustrated diagrammatically in solubility maps with full reference to primary resources. The result is a uniquely comprehensive survey that will be valuable for a wide range of research scientists and technicians concerned with synthetic and natural polymers, plasticizers, solvents, pigments, plants, dyes, inks, lubricants, adhesives, membranes, chromatography, colloids, solvent extraction, biological systems, reaction kinetics, and surface processes.

Growth of Crystals, Volume 21 presents a survey, with detailed analysis, of the scientific and technological approaches, and results obtained, by leading Russian crystal growth specialists from the late 1990's to date.

The volume contains 16 reviewed chapters on various aspects of crystal and crystalline film growth from various phases (vapour, solution, liquid and solid). Both fundamental aspects, e.g. growth kinetics and mechanisms, and applied aspects, e.g. preparation of technically important materials in single-crystalline forms, are covered.

A large portion of the volume is devoted to film growth, including film growth from eutectic melt, from amorphous solid state, kinetics of lateral epitaxy and film growth on specially structured substrates. An important chapter in this section covers heteroepitaxy of non-isovalent A3B5 semiconductor compounds, which have important applications in the field of photonics.

The volume also includes a detailed analysis of the structural aspects of a broad range of laser crystals, information that is invaluable for successfully growing perfect, laser-effective, single crystals.

This thesis targets molecular or organic spintronics and more particularly the spin polarization tailoring opportunities that arise from the ferromagnetic metal/molecule hybridization at interfaces: the new concept of spinterface. Molecular or organic spintronics is an emerging research field at the frontier between organic chemistry and spintronics. The manuscript is divided into three parts, the first of which introduces the basic concepts of spintronics and advantages that molecules can bring to this field. The state of the art on organic and molecular spintronics is also presented, with a special emphasis on the physics and experimental evidence for spinterfaces. The book's second and third parts are dedicated to the two main experimental topics investigated in the thesis: Self-Assembled Monolayers (SAMs) and Organic Semiconductors (OSCs). The study of SAMs-based magnetic tunnel nanojunctions reveals the potential to modulate the properties of such devices "at will," since each part of the molecule can be tuned independently like a "LEGO" building block. The study of Alq3-based spin valves reveals magnetoresistance effects at room temperature and is aimed at understanding the respective roles played by the two interfaces. Through the development of these systems, we demonstrate their potential for spintronics and provide a solid foundation for spin polarization engineering at the molecular level.

This book introduces in a non-traditional way the laws of physical chemistry and its history starting in the 16th century. It reveals to the reader how physical chemists try to understand chemical processes in terms of physical laws. Hydrogen is the main focus of the book as its simplicity makes the relevant laws of nature easy to explain and its role in energetics in the near future is clear. With the basics at hand, the importance of hydrogen as a raw material in the industry and as an energy carrier in the near future is made clear. Only simple chemical processes are discussed and very little mathematics is used. Both the pleasure and use of this field of research are revealed to the interested reader. The expected readership is made of high school students, non-chemistry major freshmen, and general audience with an interest in chemistry. The real aim of this book is to prompt the reader to wonder.

Thirty carefully selected, peer-reviewed contributions from the International Conference on Pure and Applied Chemistry (ICPAC 2016) are featured in this edited book of proceedings. ICPAC 2016, a biennial meeting, was held in Mauritius in July 2016. The chapters in this book reflect a wide range of fundamental and applied research in the chemical sciences and interdisciplinary subjects. This is a unique collection of full research papers as well as reviews.

Presented in an easy-to-read form, this book on zeolite catalysis cover all aspects of the subject. It focuses on synthesis, structure, diffusion, deactivation, and industrial applications. This book is an ideal text for courses on catalysis or as a supplementary text for those studying applied or industrial chemistry. It is also a useful resource for anyone who works with zeolites as catalysts in the laboratory, pilot plants, or commercial installations.

This book is a mini-encyclopedia providing a wealth of information on all aspects of colloid and surface science, including historical background information, insights into the implications of definitions, biographical notes, and sketches of scientists who have contributed to the field.