This volume of Advances in Cancer Research begins with a review by M. Roussel of the key effectors of cytokine and growth factor signaling to the cell cycle block. P 53 and how it controls the cell cycle, genomic stability, and apoptosis are reviewed by M.R.A. Mowat. The third chapter, by T.S. Lewis and colleagues, discusses the effect of MAP kinase cascades as examples of signal transduction mechanisms in signaling pathways. In Chapter 4, Sozi "et al." Review the frequent abnormalities found in the "FHIT" gene in a variety of cancer-derived cell lines. Volume 74 concludes with an overview by J.J. Hsuan and co-workers of the cellular functions of PtdlnsP2 and the regulation of its biosynthesis.

Recent evidence demonstrates that normal prostate tissue contains stem cells. There is also accumulating evidence that prostate cancer contains a population of cells with stem cell-like characteristics referred to as cancer stem cells, or tumor initiating cells. Both the normal prostate stem cell and cancer stem cell populations have important implications for the generation, therapeutic targeting, and prevention of prostate cancer. The purpose of this book is to explore the role of stem cells in prostate cancer, which is becoming an increasingly hot trend in cancer research.

Lynch syndrome (LS) is the most common cause of inherited colorectal cancer, a disease with a high mortality rate. An estimated 37,000 of diagnosed colorectal cancer cases worldwide are attributed to Lynch syndrome each year. Intensive cancer screening, with early initiation and frequent follow-up, can reduce colorectal cancer incidence and mortality in LS patients. This book provides an up-to-date overview on the genetic and epigenetic basis of Lynch syndrome. It evaluates clinical features of the disease and critically comments on molecular tools available for identifying mutations responsible for Lynch syndrome; in addition the importance of functional assays that can help clarify the clinical nature of identified mutations is also discussed. The book also focuses on challenges in genetic counselling of at-risk individuals and discusses related ethical issues. The purpose of the book is to give a concise knowledge base for the broader scientific and medical community, including genetic counselors, in order to improve awareness on the potential impact that the diagnosis of LS has on treatment, management and surveillance of LS patients.

Extensive research into the molecular mechanisms of cancer has heralded a new age of targeted therapy. The field of personalized cancer therapy is now growing rapidly, and the progress being made will result in significant changes in the treatment algorithms for cancer patients. Numerous novel targets that are crucial for the survival of cancer cells can be attacked by small molecules such as protein tyrosine kinase inhibitors. This book, written by acknowledged experts, discusses in detail the most recent developments in targeted cancer therapy using small molecules. A wide range of small molecules is covered, including, in addition to tyrosine kinase inhibitors, mTOR, proteasome, and multikinase inhibitors, among others. For each molecule, aspects such as chemical structure, mechanism of action, drug targets, drug interactions, preclinical studies, clinical trials, treatment applications, and toxicity are discussed.

Normal Colon.- A. Anatomic Considerations.- B. Histology.- Pathology.- A. General Prevalence and Anatomic Distribution.- B. Gross Appearance.- Multiplicity.- Size.- C. Microscopic Features.- Tubular versus Villous Adenomas.- Degree of Dysplasia.- Problems in Grading Dysplasia.- Carcinoma in a Polyp.- Morphometric Studies.- D. Differential Diagnosis.- Hyperplastic (Metaplastic) Polyps.- Mixed Hyperplastic-Adenomatous Polyps.- Juvenile Polyps.- Hamartomatous Polyps.- Polypoid Carcinoma.- Nonepithelial Polyps.- E. The Diminutive Polyp.- F. Other Characteristics of Polyps.- Kinetics.- Electron Microscopy.- Histochemistry.- Markers.- Tissue Culture.- DNA Content.- Doubling Time.- Regression of Polyps.- G. Histogenesis of Polyps.- Adenomatous Polyposes.- A. Familial Polyposis Coli and Gardner's Syndrome.- B. Other Adenomatous Polyposis Syndromes.- C. The Genetics of Adenoma Transmission.- Malignant Potential of Adenomatous Polyps.- A. Association of Polyps and Carcinomas.- Risk Factors for Carcinomas among Polyp-Bearers.- Natural History of Polyps; Metachronous Carcinomas.- Peak Incidences of Adenomatous Polyps and Colorectal Carcinomas.- Metachronous Carcinomas in Subjects with Synchronous Polyps and Carcinomas.- Prevalence of Polyps in Subjects with Colorectal Carcinomas.- Opposing Views.- B. Histological Evidence of Malignant Transformation.- C. Adenomatous Remnants in Carcinomas.- D. Epidemiological Evidence and Etiological Factors.- Sex and Age.- Relationship of Polyps and Colorectal Carcinomas.- Dietary and Other Factors.- Etiology.- E. Findings in Experimental Animals.- Observations.- Genesis of Tumors.- Interpretation of Findings and Relevance to Humans.- F. Alternate Hypotheses of Carcinogenesis.- The Flat Mucosa.- Other Routes.- Nonadenomatous Polyps.- Inflammatory Bowel Disease.- Miscellaneous.- The Field Effect.- Hereditary Nonpolyposis Colorectal Cancer.- G. Conclusions.- Evidence of Malignant Potential of Adenomatous Polyps.- Significance of Malignant Potential of Adenomatous Polyps.- The Problem of the Metachronous Carcinoma.- Detection and Management.- A. Screening, Diagnostic, and Surveillance Techniques.- Principles of Screening.- The At-Risk Population to Be Screened.- Digital Examination of the Rectum.- Stool Blood Tests.- Barium Enema (BE).- Endoscopy.- Proctosigmoidoscopy.- Colonoscopy.- Sensitivity.- Comparisons with Barium Enema.- Effectiveness of Screening.- B. The Malignant Polyp.- The Problem.- Frequency.- Risk Factors for Malignancy in a Polyp.- Size.- Multiplicity.- Villous Component.- Degree of Dysplasia.- Effects of Study Design and Polyp Processing Technique.- Statistical Analysis.- Adverse Outcomes.- Level of Submucosal Invasion by Carcinoma.- Postpolypectomy Therapy.- C. Endoscopic Polypectomy.- How Polyps Are Detected.- Rationale for Detection and Eradication of Polyps.- Manpower and Cost Considerations.- Therapy of Diminutive Polyps.- Polypectomy Technique.- D. Postpolypectomy Surveillance Recommendations.- Recurrent Polyps.- Risk Factors for New Polyps.- Surveillance Schedules.- Effectiveness and Cost of Surveillance.- E. The National Polyp Study.- F. Polyp Registries.- Conclusions.- Glossary and Abbreviations.

This book provides information on a wide variety of issues ranging from genetics to clinical description of the syndromes, genetic testing and counseling, and clinical management including surveillance, surgical and prophylactic interventions, and chemoprevention. Moreover, current hot issues, such as the identification of novel causal genes and the challenges we face, and the relevance of cancer risk modifiers, both genetic and environmental, are also discussed. This reference book is great for geneticists, oncologists, genetic counselors, researchers, clinicians, surgeons and nurses dedicated to, or interested in, hereditary cancer. The best and most recognized experts in the field have contributed to this project, guaranteeing updated information, accuracy and the discussion of topical issues.

The World Health Organisation have reported that each year on a global basis there are over 8 million deaths from cancer. This is 13% of all deaths. As well as those who die, there are many who are being treated for cancer. Some cancers, hitherto deemed to be incurable, can now be cured. Part of the overall package of healthcare related to cancer is the application of biomarkers. Biomarkers can be used not only to determine stages and effects of cancer, but also to aid treatments regimes. Biomarkers in Cancer combines detailed information on cancer types and the use of biological indicators. It covers the latest knowledge, trends and applications. It links conventional approaches with new platforms

Molecular pathology is based on the emergence of new techniques that greatly enhance the diagnostic accuracy when facing with challenging differential diagnoses. In addition, new molecular techniques are entering the clinical arena for their value in predicting therapy response and tumor prognosis. This book provides a guide for the practicing pathologist and for both pathology residents and fellows during the daily sign-out of challenging cases. The book is organized by anatomical systems and provides a detailed description of molecular tests that may help in the diagnosis. Furthermore, a description of the current molecular tests required to identify patients for treatment is offered. The application of molecular pathology techniques to the clinical practice has already shown its usefulness and the number of such tests is growing exponentially as more molecular targets are discovered. Molecular Pathology and Diagnostics of Cancer will give practicing and training pathologists an up-to date resource to guide the correct management of pathology cases requiring molecular testing.

Academic Press proudly presents this Cumulative Subject Index covering Volumes 50-72 of Advances in Cancer Research. In one comprehensive source, the interested reader can find references to specific articles on topics such as breast cancer, prostate cancer, Kaposi's sarcoma, Burkitt's lymphoma, leukemias, oncogenes, transcription factors, tumor genetics, p53, T-cell receptors, and drug resistance. This cumulative index will serve not only as a complete overview of the major topics published in Advances in Cancer Research, but also as an indicator of the progress made in cancer research over the last ten years.

This book focuses on C-type lectin receptors, a newly emerging family of pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs) and a crucial part of the human innate immune system. Above all, the authors highlight these receptors' role in the recognition of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) - one of the first steps in responding to foreign and potentially dangerous structures in the human body. The respective chapters chiefly examine various C-type lectin receptors, their corresponding ligands, and signalling. In addition to offering immunologists and clinicians important insights from the latest research, they may also provide novel points of departure for future drug development.

This long overdue title provides a comprehensive, up-to-date, state-of-the art review of approved biologic therapies, with coverage of mechanisms of action, Indications for therapy, immunogenicity and a detailed examination of adverse effects and safety of the many and diverse therapeutic agents presented in a total of 13 chapters. It is predicted that by 2016, biologics will make up half of the world's 20 top-selling drugs and by 2018, biologic medicine sales will account for almost half of the world's 100 biggest selling drugs. Recombinant proteins dominate the growing list of the more than 200 approved biotherapeutic agents with targeted antibodies, fusion proteins and receptors; cytokines; hormones; enzymes; proteins involved in blood-clotting, homeostasis and thrombosis; vaccines; botulinum neurotoxins; and, more recently, biosimilar preparations, comprising the majority of approved biologics. Written with clinicians, other health care professionals, and researchers in mind, Safety of Biologics Therapy examines, in a single volume, the full range of issues surrounding the safety of approved biologic therapies. A good understanding of the risks and safety issues of modern biologics therapy is increasingly being demanded of all those connected with their development, handling, prescribing, administration and subsequent patient management. In addition to being of great value to clinicians in all branches of medicine, and to nurses, pharmacists and researchers, this book will prove invaluable for students taking undergraduate and graduate courses in the above disciplines and in the biomedical sciences.

The field of interventional bronchoscopy is rapidly expanding and has emerged as a new and exciting subspecialty in pulmonary medicine. To date, the impact of interventional bronchoscopy procedures has been felt in diagnosis, staging, and management of lung cancer, the most lethal cancer worldwide. Interventional Bronchoscopy: A Clinical Guide provides a state-of-the art description of interventional bronchoscopy procedures, addressing the scientific basis, indications, techniques, results, complications, and cost issues. Chapters address the current status, the advantages of new techniques and, most importantly, when to choose new techniques over the existing techniques. Each chapter will discuss the future of these procedures. Interventional Bronchoscopy: A Clinical Guide is an essential resource for a successful interventional pulmonology service and will be useful for the bronchoscopist, anesthesiologist, radiologist, thoracic surgeon and oncologist as well as practicing pulmonologists who do not perform these procedures but have to make decisions regarding appropriate referral of their patients to advanced airway centers.

Complementary & Alternative Medicine (CAM) for Prostate/Urologic Health is designed to capture and clinically review the comprehensive database of clinical research articles that support and do not support the utilization of a variety of dietary supplements and other complementary medicines that physicians are exposed to in their daily practice. This is a critical distinction between this book and any other CAM Complementary & Alternative Medicine for Prostate and Urologic Health is designed to capture and clinically review the comprehensive database of clinical research articles that support and do not support the utilization of a variety of dietary supplements and other complementary medicines that physicians are exposed to in their daily practice. This is a critical distinction between this book and any other Complementary & Alternative Medicine (CAM) books published to date. Each section of the book provides an easy to reference guide into the topic of interest for the individual that works in urology. The various sub-specialty groups in urology are adequately represented, which allows for a physician to rapidly and thoroughly investigate their topic of interest regardless of whether it is fertility, bladder cancer, or prostate disease. Rather than having to sort through the now thousands of articles published yearly on CAM in medicine, this volume focuses first on the specialty and secondarily how it compares to the overall CAM literature. Each chapter includes a summary page that will allow the physician a rapid review of the subject with a patient, colleague or student. The practical nature of this book in urology also cannot be overstated. Chapters include a general overview of the CAM agent, whether or not it has data in medicine and urology, and a list of potential drug interactions and specific clinical scenarios where it can be utilized or discouraged in the specialty. Complementary & Alternative Medicine for Prostate and Urologic Health represents a gold standard text for use in teaching, not only for the students interested in the urologic field but for all current urologic health providers.

It is my hope that subsequent volumes of the series will join this volume in assisting in the more complete understanding of the causes, diagnosis, and cell-based treatment of major human diseases and debilitating tissue/organ injuries. There exists a tremendous, urgent demand by the public and the scientific community to address to cancer diagnosis, treatment, cure, and hopefully prevention. Stem Cells are nature's indispensable gift to multicellular organisms, including humans. The contents of the volume are divided into six subheadings: Stem Cell Culture, Bone Marrow Stem Cells, Mesenchymal Stem Cells, Reprogramming and Differentiation of Stem Cells, Treatment, and Transplantation for the convenience of the readers.

Typically, manuals of pediatric hematology-oncology are written by specialists from high-income countries, and usually target an audience with a sub-specialist level of training, often assisted by cutting-edge diagnostic and treatment facilities. However, approximately 80% of new cases of cancer in children appear in mid- and low-income countries. Almost invariably, general practitioners or general pediatricians without special training in oncology will look after children with malignancies who enter the health care system in these countries. The diagnostic facilities are usually limited, as are the treatment options. The survival figures in these conditions are somewhere below 20%, while in high-income countries they are in the range of 80% for many childhood cancers. Pediatric Hematology-Oncology in Countries with Limited Resources is the only book of its kind to provide specific guidance applicable to limited resource settings and builds up from the foundation of general practitioner or general pediatrician competence. Written and edited by leaders in the field, this manual educates physicians on the essential components of the discipline, filtered through the experience of specialists from developing countries, with immediate applicability in the specific healthcare environment in these countries.

This book offers in a single volume a unique collection of the state-of the-art experimental procedures utilized for the induction, detection, and modeling of this complex cellular program of oncogene-induced senescence. The book encompasses protocols for studying this multi-step program in human specimens and a variety of experimental models including cultured mammalian cells, laboratory mice, and Drosophila melanogaster, as well as offering a description of high throughput approaches. Written for the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and practical, Oncogene-Induced Senescence: Methods and Protocols represents a valuable asset for a wide audience of medical oncologists and researchers in the fields of oncology, molecular and cellular biology, biochemistry, and animal development.

This unique book provides a retrospective analysis of the changes in survival outcomes at the University of Texas, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center over the past six decades. Since opening its doors in 1944, M.D. Anderson has kept a continuous, uninterrupted data repository of the treatment and outcomes of each of its patients. It is this visionary database from the center s tumor registry which makes this groundbreaking book possible. Tracking results across time, this book shows radical shifts in outcomes trends, where great progress has been made, and where there is still a long way to go, and offers a snapshot into the parallel history of developments in care. Such data is crucial to informing how patients are counseled, how treatment decisions are determined, and how prognoses are made.

"60 Years of Survival Outcomes at the University of Texas, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center" is the only book to concurrently present longitudinal data on survival outcomes across the spectrum of rare and common cancers. Each chapter deals with a specific disease site, discussing current management approaches and presenting key data replete with illustrative charts, graphs, and tables. With the resources available only to the practitioners at this inimitable institution, this book heralds a cornerstone moment in the study of survival outcomes and the depth of our knowledge of cancer care. "

This book presents the latest breakthrough results in glycobiology regarding the roles of glycans in relation to quality control and transport of protein, the immune system, viral infection, stem cells, the neural system, and various diseases such as cancer, diabetes, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, muscular dystrophy, and schizophrenia. Although glycoscience has long been regarded as a very specialized field with no simple analytical method, the recent explosive progress in research continues to provide limitless evidence that glycan chains are the key component in various biological phenomena. Cell surface glycans, for example, change with developmental stages or environmental conditions and thus represent a "face" of the cell that is utilized for identification of iPS and ES cells and as biomarkers in diagnosis or detection of cancer. This book comprises 17 chapters, each of which poses outstanding "glyco-related" questions enabling non-specialists to have a clearer idea about what the future direction for further investigation of glycans in their own research fields will be. Also including basic information to understand the nature of glycans, this title serves as an excellent "textbook" for researchers in diverse research fields who are not familiar with, but nevertheless interested in, glycan chains or sugar chains.

Mechanistic Approaches to Antimutagenesis and Anticarcinogenesis: Multiple Mechanisms; L.M. De Luca. Inhibition of Mutagenesis and Carcinogenesis by Extracellular Mechanisms: Inhibition of Nitrosation; H. Bartsch, et al. Modulation of Metabolism and Blocking of Reactive Species: Organ-Specific Modification of Carcinogenesis by Antitoxidants in Rats; M. Hirose, et al. Modulation of DNA Repair and Control of Gene Expression: Molecular Control of Human Papillomavirus RNA Expression in Neoplasia; J.A. DiPaolo, C.H. Woodworth. Mechanisms of Inhibition of Tumor Promotion, Progression, Invasion, and Metastasis: Mechanisms of Inhibition of Tumor Progression; B.S. Warren, T.J. Slaga. Prospects in Chemoprevention of Mutation and Cancer: Dietary Inhibitors Against Mutagenesis and Carcinogenesis; H. Hayatsu, et al. 35 additional articles. Index.

This book aims to provide an up-to-date review of the literature in each of the major areas relating to the management of older lung cancer patients, and makes recommendations for best practice and future research. The authors come from a broad geographic spread including the UK, mainland Europe and North America to ensure a worldwide relevance.

In multicellular organisms, communication between cells involves secretion of proteins that bind to receptors on neighboring cells. While this has been well documented, another mode of intercellular communication has recently become the subject of increasing interest: the release of exosomes. In cancer, tumor exosomes are involved in various aspects of pathogenesis, including proliferation, immunosuppression, and metastasis. Given the ability of exosomes to export unneeded endogenous molecules from cells, these structures hold great potential as anticancer therapeutic agents. They are also being studied as prognostic markers for cancer.

Given the latest advances in cancer research, which includes basic research and its derived diagnostic, clinical, and therapeutic applications, the book New Trends in Cancer for the 21st Century is written by individuals such as molecular biologists, whose tasks are to decipher, after sequencing the human genome, those new genes and pathways involved in the carcinogenesis process; clinical and molecular pathologists, who apply these discoveries for the molecular diagnosis and characterization of the tumor; and clinical oncologists, who treat patients. Pharmacogenetics introduces new perspectives in the translational fields with the design of drugs against specific targets, which at this moment are in clinical trials phases. Several organizations such as the EORTC (European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer) and the OECI (Organization of European Cancer Institutes) and comprehensive cancer centers play a crucial role in focusing cancer research on all these areas.
This book achieves a state of the art in every field of cancer research and discusses the new perspectives that will open the future for cancer treatment (basic research, new technologies, new drugs, therapies...). For this reason, the book is intended for pathologists, clinicians, and biologists, as well as fellows and students of physiology and medicine.