Develop the untapped possibilities of this potential tourist El Dorado Given its size, location, cultural attractions, and natural beauty, South America gets far less of the international tourist dollar than it deserves. This valuable book identifies and explores the major issues that influence and shape tourism in South America. Tourism in South America includes original empirical research into the image people have of this varied continent, the factors that draw people to visit South America, and the fears, lack of knowledge, and negative images that can keep tourists away. Tourism in South America examines current practices and suggests alternative models of development. Its informative discussions range from cultural tourism to sustainable tourism to developing human resources. The original empirical research in this volume offers unique insights, and reference notes are included. The reader will encounter varied points of view in Tourism in South America.You can expect to: view Australian travel industry perspectives on Latin American tourism explore the impact of tourism on the Argentina's Patagonian Coast examine the environmental tactics that Mexican and Jamaican hotel companies employ survey the recreation preferences of hikers in a Colombian National Park ponder the implications of performing traditional dances for modern tourists in the Amazon Tour operators, hotel managers, local tourism boards, and others seeking the attention of tourists will profit from the new strategies and original research presented in Tourism in South America.

This study covers all the transport properties of food materials and systems - exploring viscosity, moisture diffusivities, thermal conductivity and diffusivity, transport and permeability of small molecules, and heat and mass transfer coefficients. The authors provide physical, mathematical or empirical models of the transport processes for each application, as well as principal property values and measuring methods for various food products and systems.

Preparing Participants for Intergenerational Interaction: Training for Success examines established intergenerational programs and provides the training methods necessary for activity directors or practitioners to start a similar program. This book contains exercises that will help you train colleagues and volunteers for these specific programs and includes criteria for activity evaluations. Preparing Participants for Intergenerational Interaction will help you implement programs that enable older adults to build friendships, pass down their skills and knowledge to adolescents, and provide youths with positive role models.Discussing the factors that often limit the interaction of older adults with youths, this text stresses the importance of conveying information and history to younger generations. You will learn why the exchange between different generations is crucial to society and to the improvement of the community in which you live. Preparing Participants for Intergenerational Interaction provides you with proven suggestions and methods that will make your program successful, including: examining Howe-To Industries, a program that teaches entrepreneurial skills to youths through older adults focusing on activities between older adults and youths that address aging sensitivity and racial and ethnic understanding defining the roles of a mentor, including teacher, trainer, developer of talent, and counselor increasing support and understanding in your community by defining target markets and selling the project to the public describing the aspects of group dynamics and how group decisionmaking methods are used to assess the success of the program and its volunteers understanding the community where participants live in order to address issues important to them, such as poverty and other social problems Containing sample handouts, self-evaluations, and detailed lessons for different types of programs, this book offers you guidelines that apply to participants that have a variety of needs within different communities. Preparing Participants for Intergenerational Interaction: Training for Success will enable you to help older adults remain an active and essential part of these communities by teaching youths valuable life skills they may not receive from anyone else.

Examining soybean utilization technology, this text covers principles, processing and product applications, and emphasizes recent technology and new ways to utilize and process soybeans. It includes the many food and industrial uses of soybeans, with emphasis on soybean foods and food ingredients, including potential neutraceuticals and disease preventive foods. Up-to-date information on biotechnological advances and research findings on soybean nutrition and health benefits are also included.

The focus of this singular work is to discuss the role and importance of bioorganic phase in food products-providing the first major reference source for researchers looking to understand all aspects of the isolation, extraction and application of this major element in natural foods. From the identifying features to its applications through biotechnology and nanobiotechnology, this book covers all of the important aspects of bioorganic phase and points to future uses and methods. With chapters focusing on phase extraction and application, food product synthesis and nanoparticle application, Bioorganic Phase in Natural Food: An Overview covers both conventional and non-conventional approaches for the extraction of bioorganic phase from various food sources. Toxicity studies in nanoparticles are presented, and the vital role played by bioorganic phase toward nanoparticles synthesis is outlined in full. For any researcher looking for complete coverage of all main aspects of bioorganic phase in foods, this work provides a comprehensive and well-researched view of this important subject. .

Fruits and fruit based products are, in most cases, associated with very good sensory characteristics, health, well-being, perishability, relatively easy to mix with food products of diverse origin, amenable to be processed by conventional and novel technologies. Given the multiplicity of aspects whenever fruit preservation is considered, the editors took the challenge of covering in a thorough, comprehensive manner most aspects dealing with this topic. To accomplish these goals, the editors invited well known colleagues with expertise in specific disciplines associated with fruit preservation to contribute chapters to this book. Eighteen chapters were assembled in a sequence that would facilitate, like building blocks, to have at the same time, a birds-eye view and an in-depth coverage of traditional and novel technologies to preserve fruits. Even though processing took center stage in this book, ample space was dedicated to other relevant and timely topics on fruit preservation such as safety, consumer perception, sensory and health aspects. FEATURES: Traditional and Novel Technologies to Process Fruits Microwaves Ohmic Heating UV-C light Irradiation High Pressure Pulsed Electric Fields Ultrasound Vacuum Impregnation Membranes Ozone Hurdle Technology Topics Associated with Fruit Preservation Safety Nutrition and Health Consumer Perception Sensory Minimal Processing Packaging Unit Operations for Fruit Processing Cooling and Freezing Dehydration Frying

Sage, the Genus Salvia is one of the most famous and used herbs in the world. This volume, containing over twenty chapters written by leading experts in the field, presents a comprehensive coverage on all aspects of Salvia. Topics covered include the presentation of the most known Salvia species (approximately 400 of them), the distribution of the genus, its chemotaxonomy, ecophysiology, cultivation technology and breeding methods, information on the extraction, isolation, characterisation and structure of a large number of bioactive components, the various pharmacological properties of the species, the share of Salvia products in aromatherapy and the natural cosmetics market, biotechnological techniques, and commercial aspects.

This comprehensive volume on Salvia should be of interest to everyone involved in medicinal and aromatic plant applications and research.

Coeliac disease (CD) and other allergic reactions/intolerances to gluten are on the rise, largely due to improved diagnostic procedures and changes in eating habits. The worldwide incidence of coeliac disease has been predicted to increase by a factor of ten over the next number of years, and this has resulted in a growing market for high quality gluten-free cereal products. However, the removal of gluten presents major problems for bakers. Currently, many gluten-free products on the market are of low quality and short shelf life, exhibiting poor mouthfeel and flavour. This challenge to the cereal technologist and baker alike has led to the search for alternatives to gluten in the manufacture of gluten-free bakery products.

This volume provides an overview for the food industry of issues related to the increasing prevalence of coeliac disease and gluten intolerance. The properties of gluten are discussed in relation to its classification and important functional characteristics, and the nutritional value of gluten-free products is also addressed. The book examines the diversity of ingredients that can be used to replace gluten and how the ingredient combinations and subsequent rheological and manufacturing properties of a range of gluten-free products, e.g. doughs, breads, biscuits and beer may be manipulated. Recommendations are given regarding the most suitable ingredients for different gluten-free products. The book is directed at ingredient manufacturers, bakers, cereal scientists and coeliac associations and societies. It will also be of interest to academic food science departments for assisting with undergraduate studies and postgraduate research.

The AuthorDr Eimear Gallagher, Ashtown Food Research Centre, Teagasc - The Irish Agriculture and Food Development Authority, Dublin, Ireland

Also available from Wiley-Blackwell

Management of Food AllergensEdited by J. Coutts and R. FielderISBN 9781405167581

Bakery Manufacture and Quality - Water Control and EffectsSecond EditionS. Cauvain and L. YoungISBN 9781405176132

Whole Grains and HealthEdited by L. Marquart et alISBN 9780813807775

Handbook of Essential Oils: Science, Technology, and Applications presents the development, use and marketing of essential oils. Exciting new topics include insecticidal applications, but there is a continued focus on the chemistry, pharmacology and biological activities of essential oils. The third edition unveils new chapters including the insect repellent and insecticidal activities of essential oils, the synergistic activity with antibiotics against resistant microorganisms, essential oil applications in agriculture, plant-insect interactions, and pheromones and contaminants in essential oils. Features Presents a wide range of topics including sources, production, analysis, storage, transport, chemistry, aromatherapy, pharmacology, toxicology, metabolism, technology, biotransformation, application, utilization, and trade Includes discussions of biological activity testing, results of antimicrobial and antioxidant tests, and penetration enhancing activities useful in drug delivery Covers up-to-date regulations and legislative procedures, together with the use of essential oils in perfumes, cosmetics, feed, food, beverages, and pharmaceutical industries Unveils new chapters including the insect repellent and insecticidal activities of essential oils, the synergistic activity with antibiotics against resistant microorganisms, essential oil applications in agriculture, plant-insect interactions, and pheromones and contaminants in essential oils The American Botanical Council (ABC) named the second edition as the recipient of the 2016 ABC James A. Duke Excellence in Botanical Literature Award and recognized that essential oils are one of the fastest growing segments of the herbal product market

Consumer concerns play a critical role in dictating the direction of research and development in food protection. The rising demand for minimally processed foods, growing concerns about the use of synthetic preservatives, and suspected links between the overuse of antibiotics and multi-drug resistance in microbes has made food safety a global priority.

Natural Food Antimicrobial Systems focuses on advances in the technology of food safety. Numerous antimicrobial agents exist in animals and plants where they evolved as defense mechanisms. For example, the antimicrobial components of milk have been unraveled in recent years. The book covers how these components - such as lactoferrin - can be used as multifunctional food additives such as antioxidants and immuno-modulating agents.

The six sections cover lacto-antimicrobials, ovo-antimicrobials, phyto-antimicrobials, bacto-antimicrobials, acid-antimicrobials, and milieu-antimicrobials. Each chapter provides background and historical information, molecular properties, antimicrobial activity, biological advantage, applications, safety, tolerance, and efficacy, and biotechnology.

To satisfy the rapidly changing consumption patterns of the global market, the food processing industry continuously searches for new technologies in food science. Designed as a reference for academia and corporate R & D, Natural Food Antimicrobial Systems fills this need, offering in-depth information on emerging biotechnology, efficacy, and applications of natural food antimicrobial systems.

Illnesses resulting from foodborne pathogens occur at least 6 million times each year and cause an estimated 9,000 deaths. For decades, food microbiologists have developed various effective methods of food protection. However, the constant development of multi-facet food processing technologies and the emergence of potent foodborne pathogens, compromised the efficacy of many antimicrobial interventions. Most technologies also fail to address the problem of bacterial debris remaining on the food surface. Furthermore, some bacteria have the ability to develop resistance to antimicrobial interventions. All such factors contribute to the continuously growing concern of keeping our food safe. Lactoferrin: Natural o Multifunctional o Antimicrobial presents the scientific background on use of this naturally occurring microbial blocking agent as an effective food antimicrobial intervention. THE SOURCE FOR APPLIED SCIENTIFIC INFORMATION ON LACTOFERRIN AS A NATURAL ANTIMICROBIAL INTERVENTION Lactoferrin: Natural o Multifunctional o Antimicrobial details microbial blocking technology to protect foods from harmful microbes. Recently, researchers at the Center for Antimicrobial Research, California State Polytechnic University at Pomona found that lactoferrin, when activated, functions as a potent antimicrobial intervention. It protects food by removing harmful bacteria from the surface, and by starving bacteria before they can multiply and produce harmful toxins and it also prevents bacteria from re-attaching to food surfaces. As a result this substance has potential to help the agribusiness and food industry supply safer food products to consumers. WHY LACTOFERRIN? Studied for 50 years, lactoferrin is known to have many beneficial biological properties as an integral component of the mammalian innate defense system. Lactoferrin is a broad-spectrum antimicrobial known to inhibit proliferation of bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites. Some of its current applications include: dietary supplement, ingredient in infant formula, and a medical treatment to boost the immune system. Because lactoferrin occurs naturally in milk products, it has a long track record of being safely consumed by humans. Convenient and affordable, lactoferrin could revolutionize the field of food antimicrobial science and technology and the way we protect ourselves from foodborne pathogens.

This thesis presents new methods for the characterization of vegetable oils, with focus in olive oil, according to geographical and botanical origin, genetic variety and other issues influencing product quality. A wide variety of analytical techniques have been employed, such as various chromatographic techniques (different gas and liquid chromatography methods), an electronic nose, infrared spectroscopy and expert-panel evaluation. Several families of minor compounds, with interest as adulteration markers, have been used for method development, including tocopherols, sterols, phenolics, alcohols, proteins and others. Most methods have been enhanced by the application of multivariate chemometrics. The proposed analytical techniques are of interest to investigate fraudulent actions and practices which are detrimental to product quality.

This thoroughly revised second edition addresses the full spectrum of cereal grain science, employing agronomic, chemical, and technological perspectives and providing new and expanded treatment of food enrichment techniques, nutritional standards, and product quality evaluation.
Written by over 40 internationally respected authorities, the Handbook of Cereal Science and Technology, Second Edition discusses recent developments in the chemical composition and functionality of cereal components such as proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids; highlights newly developed special ingredients and microbiological operations in processed foods; and investigates the most up-to-date production, processing, and uses of triticale, wild rice, and other grains.
The book also addresses the latest standards set by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, international organizations, and industry lobby groups; illustrates how new breeds of cereal grains are developed and sustained; explains new processing techniques for producing baked goods, pasta, breakfast cereals, and snack foods; and evaluates up-to-the-minute methods of fortifying foods with folic acid and other supplements.

This book was developed from the papers presented at a symposium on "Water Relationships in Foods," which was held from April 10-14, 1989 at the 197th National Meeting of the American Chemical Society in Dallas, Texas, under the auspices of the Agricultural and Food Chemistry Division of ACS. The editors of this book organized the symposium to bring tagether an es teemed group of internationally respected experts, currently active in the field of water relationships in foods, to discuss recent advances in the 1980's and future trends for the 1990's. It was the hope of all these con tributors that this ACS symposium would become a memorable keystone above the foundation underlying the field of "water in foods. " This strong foundation has been constructed in large part from earlier technical conferences and books such as the four milestone International Symposia on the Properties of Water (ISOPOW I-IV), the recent IFT BasicSymposium on "Water Activity" and Penang meeting on Food Preservation by Maisture Control, as well as the key fundamental contributions from the classic 1980 ACS Symposium Series #127 on Water in Polymers, and from Felix Franks' famous seven-volume Comprehensive Treatise on Water plus five subsequent volumes of the ongoing Water Science Reviews. The objective of the 1989 ACS symposiumwas to build on this foun dation by emphasizing the most recent and maj or advanc."

Through the use of molecular and cellular biological techniques, numerous advances have been made in understanding the molecular basis of virulence mechanisms and toxin biosynthesis in organisms that contaminate food and feed. Microbial Foodborne Diseases: Mechanisms of Pathogenesis and Toxin Synthesis serves as an advanced text on these techniques, providing useful, up-to-date information by recognized authorities on the molecular mechanisms of pathogenesis and toxin production of some of the most important foodborne pathogens. This book focuses on the molecular and cellular processes that govern pathogenicity and toxin production in foodborne and waterborne pathogens - viral, bacterial, fungal, and protozoan. It also includes current information related to the association of each pathogen with particular foods and water, epidemiology, methods of early detection, toxicology, and economic impact of the pathogen. It not only serves as an excellent reference, it is also a valuable tool in the rational design of preventative controls and therapeutic approaches to the disease process.

This book provides an overview of the lastest developments in biobased materials and their applications in food packaging. Written by experts in their respective research domain, its thirteen chapters discuss in detail fundamental knowledge on bio based materials. It is intended as a reference book for researchers, students, research scholars, academicians and scientists seeking biobased materials for food packaging applications.

The subject of sweeteners continues to advance and expand, but the progress that is being made may not be apparent for all to see, owing to changes that have been taking place in how research is funded and the locations where it is now mainly done. In former times scientific advancement was rated as a prized part of the output of academic research laboratories and institutions. Today, however, it is increasingly likely that major advances emanate chiefly from the research and development units of industrial and commercial enterprises and organisations. This means of course that the work becomes more focused on achieving specific marketing objectives, but because of the high level of commitment, cost and dedicated input required, publication of the findings tends to take a lower priority, and may actually be barred if there is any risk of loss of the commercial edge or advantage which has been one of the targets of the research. Thus one of the objects of preparing this book has been to collect together information that might otherwise remain unpublished on advances in the field of sweeteners. Of the fifteen contributions which form the chapters, only 13% originate from academic departments, whereas in earlier books of reviews on similar topics, contributions from academic sources accounted for as much as 50% (Developments in Sweeteners, vols 2 and 3, 1987 and 1989) and 64% (Progress in Sweeteners, 1989).

This work highlights the new challenges facing the French wine industry and the issues that arise from it. Written on the basis of academic work and field studies, conducted by a group of Montpellier academics in Economics and Management Sciences (Groupe Montpellier Vin), this book presents recent and original research results and raises the key issues related to finance, strategy, international management and marketing. Professionals in the sector, academics, students and wine enthusiasts will find up-to-date information, in-depth analyses and above all, an invitation to a stimulating debate on the prospects of this traditional, yet innovative sector.

The Vitamins: Fundamental Aspects in Nutrition and Health, Sixth Edition presents both overviews and in-depth discussions of the sources, chemistry, metabolism and functions of these essential nutrients in physiology and health. Sections cover perspectives (history of discovery, general properties and impacts), individual Vitamins (their respective chemistries, metabolism), and their dietary sources and global needs. In addition, the inclusion and interpretation of recent clinical research findings relevant to all vitamins, particularly vitamins A, D, E, K, C, thiamin, folate and vitamin B12 is included, along with an expanded discussion on single-carbon metabolism), implications to neuropathies, and more.

Ever since Edwina Currie's salmonella, Britain has seemed cursed by major food safety scares, with E.coli and BSE particularly prominent. Amidst tabloid frenzy and recrimination, the public is dependent upon sober scientific risk assessment and rational evaluation of what went wrong. Hugh Pennington has been at the forefront of this as a scientist, expert witness and commentator, and this book is his accessible but rigorous account of these diseases and the events surrounding them. This is a disaster book for the general reader giving authoritative but non-technical accounts of BSE/variant CJD and E.coli O157 - what happened, what went wrong, the human interest, and the science - all in the context of disasters (like Piper Alpha, Aberfan, and rail crashes), history and politics.

Contents - List of Figures - List of Tables - I. Baking: - J. F. Herringshaw (A.R.C.S., Ph.D., F.R.I.C.) - II. Canning and Freezing: - D. A. Herbert (F.R.I.C., F.I.F.S.T., M.I.Biol.) and J. D. Felmingham (B.Sc., F.R.S.H., F.I.F.S.T., M.Inst.Pkg.) - III. Confectionery: - R. Lees (M.R.S.H., A.I.F.S.T.) - IV. The Dairy Industry: - J. G. Davis (D.Sc., Ph.D., F.R.I.C., F.I.F.S.T., F.R.S.H.) - V. - Dehydration: - C. G. Tucker (B.Sc., F.I.C.I., F.I.F.S.T.) - VI. Fats and Fatty Foods: - P. Brown (M. Inst. Inf. Sci.) and I. D. Morton (Ph.D.) - VII. - Fish Processing: - C. L. Cutting (Ph.D., B.Sc.) - VIII. - Fruit Juices and Fruit Juice Beverages: - J. Shacklady (B.Sc., A.R.I.C., F.I.F.S.T.) - IX. - Meat and Meat Products: - Fergus Hill (Ph.D.) - X. - Flour and Flour Milling: - J. F. Herringshaw (A.R.C.S., Ph.D., F.R.I.C.) - XI. - Nutrition: - A. E. Bender (Ph.D., B.Sc., F.R.I.C.) - XII. - Packaging: - F. A. Paine (B.Sc., F.R.I.C., M.Inst.Pkg., A.M.I.O.P.) - XIII. - Preserves: - J. R. Blanchfield (B.Sc., A.R.C.S., F.R.I.C., F.I.F.S.T., M.R.I.P.H.H.) - XIV. - Pickles and Sauces: - J. R. Blanchfield (B.Sc., A.R.C.S., F.R.I.C., F.I.F.S.T., M.R.I.P.H.H.) - XV. - Storage, Refrigeration and Handling: Frank H. Slade (C.Eng., M.I.Mech.E.) - Index -

A workbook for day-to-day decisions
Nutrition labels on various food products must comply with numerous, ever-changing requirements. Items such as meat and poultry products, food packages, and dietary supplements are subject to stringent federal regulations-and the costs of compliance are often significant.
The Nutritional Labeling and Education Act of 1990 (NLEA) imposed new mandates for labeling of many packaged food products; still others became subject to a voluntary nutrition labeling program. Following that lead, USDA has imposed parallel labeling requirements. FDA and USDA Nutrition Labeling Guide: Decision Diagrams, Checklists, and Regulations provides hands-on information and guidelines for understanding the latest federal nutrition labeling requirements.
This plain English analysis of FDA and FSIS labeling rules contains diagrams and tables and cites specific regulations. Decision diagrams walk the reader through volumes of information and make sense out of complicated regulatory processes. Checklists for managing information for developing specific labels help the reader track regulatory changes and document regulation applicability to company products. The RegFinder index references not only the text, but also provides hundreds of regulatory citations, referenced by topic.
FDA and USDA Nutrition Labeling Guide: Decision Diagrams, Checklists, and Regulations will be of interest to food industry personnel responsible for compliance with federal nutritional labeling regulations, food product developers and food technologists. Faculty teaching food laws and regulations and food product development will also find this book of interest.

This book creates a multidisciplinary forum of discussion on Ficus carica with particular emphasis on its horticulture, post-harvest, marketability, phytochemistry, extraction protocols, biochemistry, nutritional value, functionality, health-promoting properties, ethnomedicinal applications, technology and processing. The impact of traditional and innovative processing on the recovery of high-added value compounds from Ficus carica byproducts is extensively reported. Also, the text discusses the potential applications of Ficus carica in food, cosmetics, and pharmaceutical products. Fig (Ficus carica): Production, Processing, and Properties illustrates a diversity of developments in food science and horticultural research including: Production, processing, chemistry, and functional properties of Ficus carica. Ficus carica phytochemicals and its health-promoting effects. Food, non-food and technological applications of Ficus carica. Recent research focuses on studying the bioactive compounds and therapeutic traits and investigating the mode of action and toxicological impacts of medical plant extracts and bioactive phytochemicals. Ficus carica is of significant importance due to its widespread food, industrial and medicinal applications. Although Ficus carica products are already commercially available in the international market, it is hard to find a reference work covering the production, processing, chemistry and properties of Ficus carica. This book will be the first publication focusing specifically on this important topic.