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Books > Science & Mathematics > Biology, life sciences > Life sciences: general issues
Neuroprotection in Alzheimer's Disease offers a translational
point-of-view from both basic and clinical standpoints, putting it
on the cusp for further clinical development with its emphasis on
nerve cell protection, including the accumulation of knowledge from
failed clinical trials and new advances in disease management. This
book brings together the latest findings, both basic, and clinical,
under the same cover, making it easy for the reader to obtain a
complete overview of the state-of-the-field and beyond. Alzheimer's
disease is the most common form of dementia, accounting for 60 to
80 percent of dementia cases. It is a progressive brain disease
that slowly destroys memory, thinking skills, and eventually, even
the ability to carry out the simplest tasks. It is characterized by
death of synapses coupled to death nerve cells and brain
degeneration which is manifested by loss of cognitive abilities.
Understanding neuroprotection in Alzheimer's disease will pave the
path to better disease management and novel therapeutics.
Stress: Neuroendocrinology and Neurobiology: Handbook of Stress
Series, Volume 2, focuses on neuroendocrinology, the discipline
that deals with the way that the brain controls hormonal secretion,
and in turn, the way that hormones control the brain. There have
been significant advances in our understanding of neuroendocrine
molecular and epigenetic mechanisms, especially in the way in which
stress-induced hormonal and neurochemical changes affect brain
plasticity, neuronal connectivity, and synaptic function. The book
features the topic of epigenetics, and how it enables stress and
other external factors to affect genetic transmission and
expression without changes in DNA sequence. Integrated closely with
new behavioral findings and relevance to human disorders, the
concepts and data in this volume offer the reader cutting-edge
information on the neuroendocrinology of stress. Volume 2 is of
prime interest to neuroscientists, clinicians, researchers,
academics, and graduate students in neuroendocrinology,
neuroscience, biomedicine, endocrinology, psychology, psychiatry,
and in some areas of the social sciences, including stress and its
management in the workplace.
Environmental heat stress is associated with a marked decrease in
orthostatic tolerance (OT), which is defined as the ability to
stand or sit upright without symptoms of dizziness,
lightheadedness, presyncope, or fainting. In most healthy humans,
the autonomic nervous system makes rapid and balanced adjustments
to heart rate and peripheral blood flow, such that most people are
able to stand up "successfully" most of the time, in most
environments. The goal of this book is to discuss various aspects
of the sympathetic neural response to heat stress, how the
sympathetic nervous system coordinates the successful integrative
physiological response to orthostasis, and what happens when it
encounters both challenges simultaneously. We include overviews of
mechanisms of thermoregulation and blood pressure regulation in
humans, with particular focus on control of cardiac output and
neurovascular control mechanisms during heat stress. We discuss the
implications that these changes have for distribution of peripheral
blood flow and, in particular, for blood flow to the cerebral
circulation. The added stressor of dehydration is also discussed,
as it so often goes hand in hand with heat stress. We end with a
brief presentation of countermeasures against the decreases in OT
with heat stress.
Mathematics for Neuroscientists, Second Edition, presents a
comprehensive introduction to mathematical and computational
methods used in neuroscience to describe and model neural
components of the brain from ion channels to single neurons, neural
networks and their relation to behavior. The book contains more
than 200 figures generated using Matlab code available to the
student and scholar. Mathematical concepts are introduced hand in
hand with neuroscience, emphasizing the connection between
experimental results and theory.
This book discusses the management of individuals on the autistic
spectrum as well as other developmental challenges. It provides an
excellent resource guide for parents, caregivers, educators,
healthcare workers, psychologists, and everyone involved in the
care of differently abled and autistic persons. The approach is
practical, and the aim is to try to gain deeper understanding into
these conditions. Based on the experience of the staff and parents
of the Rainbow Centre, the management is a person-centred,
multidisciplinary and quality-of-life focused approach to helping
these persons. The book also covers the history and future
directions across one's lifespan in the care of these individuals.
This book discusses the management of individuals on the autistic
spectrum as well as other developmental challenges. It provides an
excellent resource guide for parents, caregivers, educators,
healthcare workers, psychologists, and everyone involved in the
care of differently abled and autistic persons. The approach is
practical, and the aim is to try to gain deeper understanding into
these conditions. Based on the experience of the staff and parents
of the Rainbow Centre, the management is a person-centred,
multidisciplinary and quality-of-life focused approach to helping
these persons. The book also covers the history and future
directions across one's lifespan in the care of these individuals.
The kidney is innervated with efferent sympathetic nerve fibers
reaching the renal vasculature, the tubules, the juxtaglomerular
granular cells, and the renal pelvic wall. The renal sensory nerves
are mainly found in the renal pelvic wall. Increases in efferent
renal sympathetic nerve activity reduce renal blood flow and
urinary sodium excretion by activation of 1-adrenoceptors and
increase renin secretion rate by activation of 1-adrenoceptors. In
response to normal physiological stimulation, changes in efferent
renal sympathetic nerve activity contribute importantly to
homeostatic regulation of sodium and water balance. The renal
mechanosensory nerves are activated by stretch of the renal pelvic
tissue produced by increases in renal pelvic tissue of a magnitude
that may occur during increased urine flow rate. Under normal
conditions, the renal mechanosensory nerves activated by stretch of
the sensory nerves elicits an inhibitory renorenal reflex response
consisting of decreases in efferent renal sympathetic nerve
activity leading to natriuresis. Increasing efferent sympathetic
nerve activity increases afferent renal nerve activity which, in
turn, decreases efferent renal sympathetic nerve activity by
activation of the renorenal reflexes. Thus, activation of the
afferent renal nerves buffers changes in efferent renal sympathetic
nerve activity in the overall goal of maintaining sodium balance.
In pathological conditions of sodium retention, impairment of the
inhibitory renorenal reflexes contributes to an inappropriately
increased efferent renal sympathetic nerve activity in the presence
of sodium retention. In states of renal disease or injury, there is
a shift from inhibitory to excitatory reflexes originating in the
kidney. Studies in essential hypertensive patients have shown that
renal denervation results in long-term reduction in arterial
pressure, suggesting an important role for the efferent and
afferent renal nerves in hypertension.
Obesity and Esophageal Disorders is a comprehensive review on the
impact of obesity on esophageal disorders and how to approach,
recognize and treat those disorders. Covering the critical gap in
awareness on the impact of obesity on esophageal disorders, this
reference presents the newest diagnostic technologies, including
high resolution manometry, EndoFLIP, wireless pH monitoring, and
mucosal integrity devices. The book shows treatment options like
bariatric surgery and endo-bariatrics that decrease the latency
period for diagnosis and management of patients. Finally, the
understanding of the potential effects of different bariatric
surgeries on esophageal motility is explored. This importance
reference serves researchers looking to determine future projects
by providing novel pathophysiologic mechanisms about how obesity
affects GERD and esophageal motility. It serves clinicians,
surgeons and trainees with guidance on diagnostic approaches,
management options, and how to recognize/treat post-surgical
esophageal complications of patients with obesity.
Developing Solid Oral Dosage Forms: Pharmaceutical Theory and
Practice, Second Edition illustrates how to develop high-quality,
safe, and effective pharmaceutical products by discussing the
latest techniques, tools, and scientific advances in preformulation
investigation, formulation, process design, characterization,
scale-up, and production operations. This book covers the essential
principles of physical pharmacy, biopharmaceutics, and industrial
pharmacy, and their application to the research and development
process of oral dosage forms. Chapters have been added, combined,
deleted, and completely revised as necessary to produce a
comprehensive, well-organized, valuable reference for industry
professionals and academics engaged in all aspects of the
development process. New and important topics include spray drying,
amorphous solid dispersion using hot-melt extrusion, modeling and
simulation, bioequivalence of complex modified-released dosage
forms, biowaivers, and much more.
One of Britain's foremost astrobiologists offers an accessible and
game-changing account of life on Earth. __________________ Why is
all life based on carbon rather than silicon? And beyond Earth,
would life - if it exists - look like our own? __________________
The puzzles of life astound and confuse us like no other mystery.
But in this groundbreaking book, Professor Charles Cockell reveals
how nature is far more understandable and predictable than we would
think. Breathing new life into Darwin's theory of natural
selection, The Equations of Life puts forward an elegant account of
why evolution has taken the paths it has. In a captivating journey
into the forces that shape living things on Earth, Cockell explains
that the fundamental laws of physics constrain nature at every
turn. Fusing the latest in scientific research with fascinating
accounts of the creatures that surround us, this is a compelling
argument about what life can - and can't - be.
Concepts and techniques in genomics and proteomics covers the
important concepts of high-throughput modern techniques used in the
genomics and proteomics field. Each technique is explained with its
underlying concepts, and simple line diagrams and flow charts are
included to aid understanding and memory. A summary of key points
precedes each chapter within the book, followed by detailed
description in the subsections. Each subsection concludes with
suggested relevant original references.
A derivative of the Encyclopedia of Inland Waters, Biogeochemistry
of Inland Waters examines the transformation, flux and cycling of
chemical compounds in aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems, combining
aspects of biology, ecology, geology, and chemistry. Because the
articles are drawn from an encyclopedia, they are easily accessible
to interested members of the public, such as conservationists and
environmental decision makers.
Key Concepts in Environmental Chemistry provides a modern and
concise introduction to environmental chemistry principles and the
dynamic nature of environmental systems. It offers an intense,
one-semester examination of selected concepts encountered in this
field of study and provides integrated tools in explaining complex
chemical problems of environmental importance. Principles typically
covered in more comprehensive textbooks are well integrated into
general chapter topics and application areas. The goal of this
textbook is to provide students with a valuable resource for
learning the basic concepts of environmental chemistry from an easy
to follow, condensed, application and inquiry-based perspective.
Additional statistical, sampling, modeling and data analysis
concepts and exercises will be introduced for greater understanding
of the underlying processes of complex environmental systems and
fundamental chemical principles. Each chapter will have
problem-oriented exercises (with examples throughout the body of
the chapter) that stress the important concepts covered and
research applications/case studies from experts in the field.
Research applications will be directly tied to theoretical concepts
covered in the chapter. Overall, this text provides a condensed and
integrated tool for student learning and covers key concepts in the
rapidly developing field of environmental chemistry.
Global Ecology focuses on the perception of the biosphere or the
ecosphere as a unified cooperative system with numerous synergistic
effects, which describe the distinctive properties of this sphere.
This book is subdivided into five parts dealing with diverse
aspects in global ecology. The first part of the book provides
comprehensive description of the biosphere, including its unique
characteristics and evolution. This part also describes various
spheres in the biosphere, such as the hydrosphere, noosphere, and
pedosphere as well as their composition. The next part focuses on
the global cycles, including calcium, carbon, iron, microbial
nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, sulfur, and water cycles. In
addition, global balances and flows are explained. Presented in the
third part are the results of the global cycles and flows as well
as the patterns of the climatic factors and marine currents. There
is also a part discussing the climate interactions, climatic
changes, and its effect on the living organisms. The book concludes
by covering the application of stoichiometry in the biosphere and
in ecosystems. The book offers a comprehensive view of global
ecology and ecological stoichiometry, which will aid in the
processes of global ecology.
Insect-Plant Interactions, the latest edition in the Advances in
Botanical Research series, which publishes in-depth and up-to-date
reviews on a wide range of topics in the plant sciences, features
several reviews by recognized experts on all aspects of plant
genetics, biochemistry, cell biology, molecular biology,
physiology, and ecology.
Tissue Engineering, Third Edition provides a completely revised
release with sections focusing on Fundamentals of Tissue
Engineering and Tissue Engineering of Selected Organs and Tissues.
Key chapters are updated with the latest discoveries, including
coverage of new areas (skeletal TE, ophthalmology TE,
immunomodulatory biomaterials and immune systems engineering). The
book is written in a scientific language that is easily understood
by undergraduate and graduate students in basic biological
sciences, bioengineering and basic medical sciences, and
researchers interested in learning about this fast-growing field.
NK Cells in Cancer Immunotherapy: Successes and Challenges explains
the latest immunotherapeutic strategies, focusing on NK cells to
allow the best and precise combination treatments to cancer
patients. The book provides existing background knowledge in the
field of immunotherapy and discusses future areas of research
required to carry out cutting-edge, validated therapies. Chapters
cover advances in immunotherapeutic strategies, in particular, the
use of NK cells with and without T-cell therapy in the treatment of
cancer. The book is a valuable resource for cancer researchers,
oncologists, graduate students and those interested in learning
more about novel strategies to treat cancer patients. Immunotherapy
is fast becoming the method of choice for cancer therapy. Although
remarkable advances have been made in the field of immunotherapy,
there are significant challenges and difficulties ahead since many
of the current immunotherapeutic strategies do not provide
long-lasting treatment strategies, and therefore are not very
effective.
Chromatin Remodelling and Immunity, Volume 106, the latest release
in the Advances in Protein Chemistry and Structural Biology series
is an essential resource for protein chemists. Each volume brings
forth new information about protocols and analysis of proteins,
with each thematically organized volume guest edited by leading
experts in a broad range of protein-related topics.
With treatment approaches and the field of neuro-oncology
neuroimaging changing rapidly, this third edition of the Handbook
of Neuro-Oncology Neuroimaging is very relevant to those in the
field, providing a single-source, comprehensive, reference handbook
of the most up-to-date clinical and technical information regarding
the application of neuroimaging techniques to brain tumor and
neuro-oncology patients. This new volume will have updates on all
of the material from the second edition, and in addition features
several new important chapters covering diverse topics such as
imaging for the use of Laser Interstitial Thermal Therapy, advanced
imaging techniques in radiation therapy, therapeutic treatment
fields, response assessment in clinical trials, surgical planning
of neoplastic disease of the spine, and more. Sections first
overview neuro-oncological disorders before delving into the
physics and basic science of neuroimaging and great focus on CT and
MRI. The book then focuses on advances in the neuroimaging of brain
tumors and neuroimaging of specific tumor types. There is also
discussion of neuroimaging of other neuro-oncological syndromes.
This book will serve as a resource of background information to
neuroimaging researchers and basic scientists with an interest in
brain tumors and neuro-oncology.
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