This book investigates the interface of ethnicity with occupation, empirically observed in luxury international hotels in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. It employs the two main disciplines of anthropology and sociology in order to understand the root causes and meaning of ethnicity at work within the hospitality industry sector. More specifically, it observes social change in a multi-ethnic and non-secular society through an ethnographic study located in a micro organisation: the Grand Hotel. At the individual level, this research shows how identity shifts and transformation can be mediated through the consumption and manipulation of food at the workplace. In addition, it combines an ambitious theoretical discussion on the concept of ethnicity together with empirical data that highlights how ethnicity is lived on an everyday basis at a workplace manifesting the dynamics of cultural, religious and ethnic diversity. The book presents the quantitative and qualitative findings of two complementary surveys and pursues an interdisciplinary approach, as it integrates methodologies from the sociology of organisations with classic fieldwork methods borrowed from ethnology, while combining French and Anglo-Saxon schools of thoughts on questions of identity and ethnicity. The results of the cultural contact occurring in a westernised pocket of the global labour market - in which social practices derive from the headquarters located in a society where ethnicity is self-ascribed - with Malaysian social actors to whom ethnicity is assigned will be of particular interest for social scientists and general readers alike.

The tourism industry did not come into world prominence until the inauguration of transcontinental jet travel. This was introduced in 1958 and gave birth to world tourism as we know it today. Because tourism is a new business, most legislators who approve government budgets do not fully understand it as it cannot be measured in material terms as can be done with industries such as oil, steel and cargo. This has resulted in shoestring budgets for departments of tourism. The invisible export, tourism, quickly grew to become the world's largest industry creating jobs, and facilitating exports worldwide. High international tourism arrivals have become synonymous with prosperity. However, due to its invisible nature, tourism has escaped the eyes of most legislators throughout the world. Those few countries that have recognized the importance of tourism and budget accordingly, have reaped the benefit to fuel their economy. This opportunity is available for any destination and the rewards are limitless. This book was written to place the world spotlight upon tourism and to become a manual for any destination wishing to grow their economy. An increase in international arrivals is the shortest route to prosperity. The content of this book begins with a look at world conditions for tourism following 9/11 and discusses tourism versus terrorism. From there we stress the importance of a healthy tourism budget with emphasis on exactly what world leaders need to know to understand the importance of funding the growth of the international visitor count. To reach the lucrative U.S. travel market one must understand how their travel industry is structured. Our book describes this and how travel packages are created and marketed within there. In order to attain sustained tourism your destination must be tourist friendly. What a tourist friendly destination should look like is explained fully, together with many suggestions to build repeat visitors. We have filled many chapters in the field of marketing tourism. Insights are provided for the use of icons and marquee names to promote your destination plus a complete chapter with general marketing ideas to dramatically increase your arrivals. Another chapter is dedicated to methods on the proper utilization of the Internet with information on optimizing search engines to access your web site. The chapter on maximizing results from your attendance at travel industry trade shows will show you how to build relationships which will produce rich rewards. Trade shows are not a vacation but a hands on marketing experience. Methods of further increasing your international arrivals are found in our chapter on recognizing and marketing niche groups.

This book proposes three normative frameworks pertaining to risk-measurement, disclosure and governance using expert opinion and data from the top 429 non-financial companies (of the NIFTY 500 index) over a 10-year period. The book offers a novel contribution to the global literature on disclosure quality by presenting a composite measure of the quality as well as quantity of risk disclosures. Focusing on the quality of risk disclosures and risk governance structures, and using sophisticated methodology to tackle the issue of endogeneity, the book explores the important yet uncharted confluence of accounting information, risk and corporate governance. It addresses the interplay between three facets of risk, and is corroborated by practitioners' perspectives as well as case studies. It is an excellent resource for practitioners, professionals and policy-makers, in addition to researchers working on the topic.

This book deconstructs the 'sharing' marketing narratives surrounding Airbnb and similar platforms. It provides a conceptual analysis of the 'sharing economy' and accommodation sector and furthers the ongoing discussion surrounding Airbnb and the social sustainability of city tourism. The volume analyses the touristification of neighbourhoods in the context of broader economic and ideological shifts, thus bridging the gap between academic and social debate. It presents four different city scenarios of potential future developments and evaluates the effects of different regulatory responses, giving readers an understanding of the forces and factors at work and envisioning the ultimate consequences of current developments. The book will appeal to students and researchers in tourism and hospitality studies, futures studies and urban planning, as well as to policymakers and strategists in the hospitality and tourism sectors.

The introduction of a National Lottery in the UK in 1994 created a unique regulatory challenge. The response to this challenge is embodied in arrangements informed not by international precedent, but by privatization policies pursued by successive Conservative governments between 1979 and 1994. Dr Douglas assesses the success of the Lottery's regulation against the objectives set out in the enabling legislation: the upholding of the Lottery's propriety, the protection of the players, and the maximizing of the funds to be applied to the good causes. Lessons learned during the initial licence period will inform the new seven year licence from October 2001, the operator chosen for the new term, and in particular the role of the profit motive within the new arrangements.

From exotic spa treatments to euthanasia, this book examines the background and social context of medical tourism-the practice of traveling for health care. This work also documents how this industry is reshaping the face of medicine worldwide for individuals, local communities, and national health care systems. Medical Tourism: A Reference Handbook provides an accessible overview of the state of medical tourism, written from a balanced, unbiased perspective. The authors provide relevant social context for this controversial topic, discussing the state of extremely limited research data on medical tourism; the ethical issues involved, such as traveling to have a black-market organ transplanted; and the significant impact of medical tourism on health care systems-that of the United States, and those of the destination countries. The book highlights many contemporary problems, controversies, and implications of medical tourism both for individuals and health care systems, and presents thought-provoking potential solutions. The topic of medical tourism is also addressed against the backdrop of current healthcare reforms in the United States. Readers can reference a wealth of additional material on medical tourism, ranging from original documents to extensive directories of selected organizations and resources. A timeline of important historical and contemporary events in history of medical tourism An extensive bibliography to assist readers toward additional resources for further research

Event Leadership: Theory and practice for event management and tourism examines, contextualises and applies leadership theory and practice at several levels. Using a wide range of contemporary research, this book explores in detail a range of leadership theories, providing insight into the developments that are driving leadership today. In light of the complex business needs of event organisations and in order to illustrate the concepts discussed, examples of case studies from the event sector are used throughout. Providing a comprehensive grounding in leadership theory, this book explores leadership in events from three distinct viewpoints using various event settings and types of events to illustrate: * "The leader" within event organisations: looking at leaders who are founders, or those that have been appointed, elected, evolved from other positions or emerged from a crisis - all of which have their own issues and effects. * Leadership within the events community, such as political leadership or leaders within event portfolios and networks. Questioning what does it take to achieve effective collaboration among events and between events and other key stakeholders? Is it the individual leader, or leadership that emerges from network dynamics? * The leadership role that events and professional organisations play in society, such as educational and inspirational leadership - looking at social marketing through events, with the aims of changing attitudes and behaviour. Part of the Event Management Theory and Methods Series. This series examines the extent to which mainstream theory is being employed to develop event-specific theory, and to influence the very core practices of event management and event tourism. They introduce the theory, show how it is being used in the events sector through a literature review, incorporate examples and case studies written by researchers and/or practitioners, and contain methods that can be used effectively in the real world. With online resource material, this mix-and-match collection is ideal for lecturers who need theoretical foundations and case studies for their classes, by students in need of reference works, by professionals wanting increased understanding alongside practical methods, and by agencies or associations that want their members and stakeholders to have access to a library of valuable resources. Series editor: Donald Getz PhD., Professor Emeritus, University of Calgary, Canada.

The first text to fully explore the issue of ownership and governance of international events. Split onto two distinct parts of 'Theory' and 'Cases', it presents cases from sports as well as non-sports events, in addition to general principles regarding ownership and governance based on historical, legal and managerial considerations. Ownership and Governance of International Events explores these events as global common goods owned by communities of participants, be they athletes, spectators, visitors, tourists, fans, media consumers, local residents and their required partnership between public authorities (at local, regional and national levels) and private bodies (NGOs and commercial organisations). It argues that this perspective of an event as a 'common good' helps mega events to be better sustained over the long run and facilitates their acceptability by local residents and wider public opinion.

Food and Beverage Service is THE book to help students develop their professional skills in the hospitality industry. Written by authors with years of experience in industry and training, you can be confident that this comprehensive textbook will cover everything that learners need to know for their level 1 and 2 S/NVQ food and beverage service course.

The first text to fully explore the issue of ownership and governance of international events. Split onto two distinct parts of 'Theory' and 'Cases', it presents cases from sports as well as non-sports events, in addition to general principles regarding ownership and governance based on historical, legal and managerial considerations. Ownership and Governance of International Events explores these events as global common goods owned by communities of participants, be they athletes, spectators, visitors, tourists, fans, media consumers, local residents and their required partnership between public authorities (at local, regional and national levels) and private bodies (NGOs and commercial organisations). It argues that this perspective of an event as a 'common good' helps mega events to be better sustained over the long run and facilitates their acceptability by local residents and wider public opinion.

Tourism Management, Marketing, and Development revolves around the implementation of ICT applications in the tourism sector: technology is engendering a major shift both in the performance of individuals and companies involved in the tourism sector and having an impact on the way individuals consume services and enjoy experiences in space and time.

This book features a selection of the best papers presented during the 8th ATMC (Advances in Tourism Marketing Conference) of 2019. With contributions from internationally regarded academic experts, this edited collection addresses two major challenges for the tourism industry. Firstly, the criticism that tourism marketing is exploitative and fuels hedonistic consumerism. This volume seeks to illustrate that marketing skills and techniques can also be used for the good purposes, by understanding market needs, designing more sustainable products and identifying more persuasive methods of communication to transform tourist unsustainable behaviours. The contributions in this volume present theories, methods and results for enhancing such techniques for more sustainable marketing. Secondly, the challenge of new and growing collaborative business models, with champions as Airbnb or Uber, that are often presented as more sustainable than traditional ones, as they empower ordinary people and promote the shared use of resources. This volume explores how sharing practices in business raises new social challenges and the ethical questions that arise as a consequence. Sustainable and Collaborative Tourism in a Digital World offers discussion and insights from some of the world experts in the area as to how tourism marketing can evolve and advance to rise-up to these new challenges and opportunities. Part of the Advances in Tourism Marketing Series - a series of cutting-edge research-informed edited books that introduce the reader to a range of contemporary marketing phenomena in the domain of travel and tourism. Series editors: Alan Fyall, UCF, USA, Metin Kozak, Dokuz Eylul University, Turkey and Antonia Correia, Universidade do Algarve, Portugal.

This book features a selection of the best papers presented during the 8th ATMC (Advances in Tourism Marketing Conference) of 2019. With contributions from internationally regarded academic experts, this edited collection addresses two major challenges for the tourism industry. Firstly, the criticism that tourism marketing is exploitative and fuels hedonistic consumerism. This volume seeks to illustrate that marketing skills and techniques can also be used for the good purposes, by understanding market needs, designing more sustainable products and identifying more persuasive methods of communication to transform tourist unsustainable behaviours. The contributions in this volume present theories, methods and results for enhancing such techniques for more sustainable marketing. Secondly, the challenge of new and growing collaborative business models, with champions as Airbnb or Uber, that are often presented as more sustainable than traditional ones, as they empower ordinary people and promote the shared use of resources. This volume explores how sharing practices in business raises new social challenges and the ethical questions that arise as a consequence. Sustainable and Collaborative Tourism in a Digital World offers discussion and insights from some of the world experts in the area as to how tourism marketing can evolve and advance to rise-up to these new challenges and opportunities. Part of the Advances in Tourism Marketing Series - a series of cutting-edge research-informed edited books that introduce the reader to a range of contemporary marketing phenomena in the domain of travel and tourism. Series editors: Alan Fyall, UCF, USA, Metin Kozak, Dokuz Eylul University, Turkey and Antonia Correia, Universidade do Algarve, Portugal.

The slow-down in economic growth and the rise in unemployment in the 1970s revived some of the uncertainties experienced by industrialized economies during the inter-war period. After more than a decade of stagnation, the period of sustained growth in the thirty years following the Second World War now seems increasingly to have been an exceptional phase in an overall development process still dominated by wide fluctuations in economic growth rates. Slow Growth and the Service Economy examines what it means to live in a period of economic recession and analyses social patterns in response to the slowing down of financial and economic growth.

Within the past decade, there has been a re-emergence of tourism in Europe, especially in the central and eastern regions. With socialism becoming a distant memory, these former communist countries are now attractive destinations for travel. Research on this current phenomenon is essential, as professionals and scientists must stay informed on the modern development of this global region. New Trends and Opportunities for Central and Eastern European Tourism provides emerging research exploring the theoretical and practical aspects of contemporary tourism in Eastern Europe and its effect on economics and sociology. Featuring coverage on a broad range of topics such as monument protection, economic features, and socialist architecture, this book is ideally designed for travel agents, tour developers, restaurateurs, hotel management, economic analysts, government officials, policymakers, tourism journalists, tourism practitioners, researchers, and professors seeking current research on the development of travel in Eastern and Central Europe.

* An ontology of the study of planned events and the professional practice of event management and event tourism; * User friendly explanations and language to explain and contextualise jargon and technical terms within this wide and varied field; * E version has an interactive function with hyperlinks to sources, books in the EMTM series as well as ability to bookmark pages, instant linkage to cross references and more. This Dictionary, produced by a distinguished and varied panel of international editors, is an invaluable reference for students, academics, practitioners, researchers, policy makers. For the first time, it compiles and defines a comprehensive glossary of terms used in the event-specific literature. Whilst many of these terms are commonplace, their usage in the events literature is often specific and in need of interpretation. Whilst there are numerous short entries and basic definitions, the emphasis has been placed on terms with high relevance to planned events, and in particular to theories, concepts and models specific to event studies. Multiple usages, including quotations are provided, where relevant, to cover the breadth of meanings and applications of the terms. Part of the Event Management Theory and Methods Series. This series examines the extent to which mainstream theory is being employed to develop event-specific theory, and to influence the very core practices of event management and event tourism. They introduce the theory, show how it is being used in the events sector through a literature review, incorporate examples and case studies written by researchers and/or practitioners, and contain methods that can be used effectively in the real world. With online resource material, this mix-and-match collection is ideal for lecturers who need theoretical foundations and case studies for their classes, by students in need of reference works, by professionals wanting increased understanding alongside practical methods, and by agencies or associations that want their members and stakeholders to have access to a library of valuable resources. Series editor: Donald Getz PhD., Professor Emeritus, University of Calgary, Canada.

The number of people travelling for tourism purposes has more than doubled in the last two decades and is still growing. Over a billion globetrotters are now contributing vast sums, both directly and indirectly, to the gross domestic products of countries all over the world. However, planning for tourism development requires knowledge and insight into who tourists are, their characteristics and preferences, and how many are taking which tourism trips. Poorly conceived and executed ventures can result in unintended and negative socio-cultural, environmental and economic consequences. Fundamentals of tourism is an introduction to what tourism actually is, how its economic value chain unfolds and how it can be exploited to maximum benefit for all parties. Fundamentals of tourism balances cognitive and effective outcomes, providing an understanding of the basic concepts while encouraging interest and increased participation in tourism-related discourse and activities. It makes use of South African, southern African and African case studies to illustrate the practical application of each concept and offers discussions and scenario testing to trigger interest, reflection and engagement.

The book examines the extent to which Coser's (1956) 16 propositions can apply to tourism impact studies and, where possible, to enhance, deepen and challenge the original theory, using evidence from communities in China that differ from the context used by Coser. The combination of ethnographic description and sociologically-oriented analysis, drawing upon both Chinese and western paradigms that are, at times very different in their underlying value system, challenges several of Coser's suppositions. The book will also draw upon subsequent publications by the authors, both severally and separately. These publications have utilised different concepts and paradigms, including for example the use of Valene Smith's concept of the 'culture broker', Turner's concepts of marginalised peoples, and the paradigms of constructionism and interpretive research work used in other studies by the authors. The sum of the work, it is suggested, adds to our canon of knowledge about social conflict in tourism development as well as impacts of tourism on disadvantaged ethnic communities in China.