The extraordinary beauty, cultural wealth, and diversity of EU's coastal areas have designated them as one of the preferred destinations for many holiday-goers. The numerous businesses that operate in these heavily traveled areas have to struggle with other similarly-minded companies and with providing sustainable practices for the people and surrounding area. Managing, Marketing, and Maintaining Maritime and Coastal Tourism is a pivotal reference source that provides vital material on the application of multidisciplinary and interdisciplinarity logic surrounding sea tourism. While highlighting topics such as destination marketing, event management, and global business, this publication explores the dynamic capabilities and the methods of overall management of hospitality by the sea. This book is ideally designed for marketers, advertisers, tour directors, cruise directors, travel agents, port managers, coastal cities managers, event coordinators, academics, students, researchers, policymakers, public managers, and tourism entrepreneurs.

The application of linguistic optimization methods in the tourism, travel, and hospitality industry has improved customer service and business strategies within the field. It provides an opportunity for tourists to explore another culture, building tolerance and overall exposure to different ways of life. Innovative Perspectives on Tourism Discourse is a pivotal reference source for the latest research findings on the role of language and linguistics in the travel industry. Featuring extensive coverage on relevant areas such as intercultural communication, adventure travel, and tourism marketing, this publication is an ideal resource for linguists, managers, researchers, economists, and professionals interested in emerging developments in tourism and travel.

The authors propose that complexity theory holds great promise in improving understanding of guests' evaluations of their service experiences. Volume 9 provides answers to the following and additional behavior and evaluation issues. How do general and behavior specific attitudes work together in explaining air travelers' carbon offsetting behavior? What can the zone of tolerance and importanceperformance analysis (IPA) techniques tell us about the evaluations of convention delegates' perceptions of products and services? How can a "slow city" motivate domestic tourists to visit the destination? Do effective marketing strategies for performing arts require unique designs to attract incidental spectators as well as behaviourally loyal visitors? When do consumers attach themselves strongly to tourist souvenirs as well as to other cherished possessions such as a trophy won during a contest, a gift received from significant others, or a wedding ring? What are the nitty gritty details in how exhibition areas can provide visitors with opportunities to understand corporate brands? Since values influence activities do they also influence holiday preferences?

As other industries, the global travel and tourism industry has been facing immense challenges and highly visible upheaval since the beginning of the new millennium. The International Tourism Exchange ITB Berlin, the world's leading travel trade show, aims at pinpointing the most important challenges, identifying the trends and offering a platform to solve pressing problems. The ITB Convention Market Trends & Innovations has developed into a centre of excellence and a driving force for the global travel and tourism industry, generating a much needed information platform. This compilation unites the highlights of the convention in articles prepared by renowned professionals and scientists from the industry. Readers may benefit from this comprehensive vision of the developments that are shaping the structure of the global tourism industry today and in the future. This book is indispensable for tourism and travel professionals as well as for academics and students anal- ing current global tourism and travel trends.

"A cut above most workplace histories. Looking at the separate but sometimes overlapping development of European and African-American hairdressing from the early twentieth century to the present, Willett shows how race shaped different trajectories for black and white salons."
--"Lingua Franca"

"Offers an unusually comprehensive look at a significant twentieth-century industry and female preoccupation"
--"American Historical Review"

"Refreshing to read a history so firmly historicized and grounded in working-class and Afro-American history"
-- "Journal of Social History"

"Carefully nuanced and [a] compelling history."
-- Nan Enstad, "The Journal of American History"

Throughout the twentieth century, beauty shops have been places where women could enjoy the company of other women, exchange information, and share secrets. The female equivalent of barbershops, they have been institutions vital to community formation and social change.

But while the beauty shop created community, it also reflected the racial segregation that has so profoundly shaped American society. Links between style, race, and identity were so intertwined that for much of the beauty shop's history, black and white hairdressing industries were largely separate entities with separate concerns. While African American hair-care workers embraced the chance to be independent from white control, negotiated the meanings of hair straightening, and joined in larger political struggles that challenged Jim Crow, white female hairdressers were embroiled in struggles over self-definition and opposition to their industry's emphasis on male achievement. Yet despite their differences, black and whitehairdressers shared common stakes as battles were waged over issues of work, skill, and professionalism unique to women's service work.

Permanent Waves traces the development of the American beauty shop, from its largely separate racial origins, through white recognition of the "ethnic market," to the present day.

This book begins by laying out a history of espionage that clearly shows that when a new technology or technique becomes available to the information gatherers in public and private sectors, they can quickly be adopted for Netspionage use. It then moves on to describe how the Internet and associated technologies have already revolutionized the collection and analysis of competitive information. The convergence of dependency on networked and exploitation tools (often propagated by "hackers," "cyberpunks," and even intelligence agencies) has already resulted in several incidents that foreshadow the perilous future. Close study of these incidents demonstrates how difficult yet how important it is to confront the challenges of "netspionage" and its less intrusive cousins. The authors present a set of the known incidents and then outline protective measures that will reduce the potential and consequences of netspionage.
Unlike most security books, this one is written for managers and executives in non-protection roles of the organization, since they are the ones who must take a leadership role in safeguarding the information assets of the networked enterprise.

*Practical guide written from front-line experience
*Explains the evolution of information collection and why it has never been easier
*Highlights the tools of the trade and how they can be put to best use

There is a wealth of scholarship on tourism from a variety of different disciplines, but few attempts to synthesize its broad themes into a coherent analytical framework. This book addresses this problem by analyzing tourism in light of contemporary social theory. By focusing on tourism in terms of consumption, commodification, and the political and cultural economy, the relationships between tourism, globalization, people, and place are explored in an empirically grounded but theoretically informed analysis.

Sixty years after its birth, contemporary tourism is at crossroads. It has grown to become a key element of economic well-being, but it is threatened and threatening. Its enemies are congestion, destruction of natural and cultural environments, and social unrest. However, it also contributes its fair share to these evils. How can tourism really become a fulcrum for development and sustainability in the 21st century? This is a matter of crucial importance for entrepreneurs, governments, and civil society stakeholders, and Knowledge Management in Tourism: Policy and Governance Applications provides these key players with answers and queries, and above all with the strategic tools to understand and act. Knowledge Management in Tourism: Policy and Governance Applications is an indispensable instrument for everyone interested in the theory and practice of this very important human pursuit: the quest for effectiveness, efficiency, and equity of tourism activities in helping build the future of mankind.

The spa industry is currently the fastest growing segment of the hospitality and leisure industry with revenues exceeding those from amusement parks, box office receipts, vacation ownership gross sales and ski resort ticket sales. Understanding the Global Spa Industry is the first book to examine management practices in this industry and offers a groundbreaking and comprehensive approach to global spa management, covering everything from the beginnings of the industry through to contemporary management and social and ethical issues. With contributions from internationally renowned business leaders, practitioners and academics, this unique book is packed with case studies, examples and advice for all those working in, and studying, the international spa industry. Understanding the Global Spa Industry brings an analytic lens to the spa movement, examining past, current and future trends and the potential for shaping wellness and health services in the 21st century.

A significant topic in American society, sports ethics has also been the subject of an increasing number of scholarly studies during the past two decades. Moreover, a growing number of courses on sports are being offered at colleges and universities. In Sports Ethics in America, Donald G. Jones provides a valuable reference tool for teaching and research in a variety of sports-related disciplines. The book is a comprehensive, multidisciplinary bibliography with some 2,800 entries. Entries include both scholarly works and works written by journalists during the two decades from 1970 to 1990. The volume is divided into five major sections (1) General Works and Philosophy, (2) The Team, Players, and Coaches, (3) The Game, Competition, and Contestants, (4) Sport and Society, and (5) Reference Works. Each entry includes a brief listing of the subjects covered in the work. The volume also includes a full subject index and an author index.

The tourism industry did not come into world prominence until the inauguration of transcontinental jet travel. This was introduced in 1958 and gave birth to world tourism as we know it today. Because tourism is a new business, most legislators who approve government budgets do not fully understand it as it cannot be measured in material terms as can be done with industries such as oil, steel and cargo. This has resulted in shoestring budgets for departments of tourism. The invisible export, tourism, quickly grew to become the world's largest industry creating jobs, and facilitating exports worldwide. High international tourism arrivals have become synonymous with prosperity. However, due to its invisible nature, tourism has escaped the eyes of most legislators throughout the world. Those few countries that have recognized the importance of tourism and budget accordingly, have reaped the benefit to fuel their economy. This opportunity is available for any destination and the rewards are limitless. This book was written to place the world spotlight upon tourism and to become a manual for any destination wishing to grow their economy. An increase in international arrivals is the shortest route to prosperity. The content of this book begins with a look at world conditions for tourism following 9/11 and discusses tourism versus terrorism. From there we stress the importance of a healthy tourism budget with emphasis on exactly what world leaders need to know to understand the importance of funding the growth of the international visitor count. To reach the lucrative U.S. travel market one must understand how their travel industry is structured. Our book describes this and how travel packages are created and marketed within there. In order to attain sustained tourism your destination must be tourist friendly. What a tourist friendly destination should look like is explained fully, together with many suggestions to build repeat visitors. We have filled many chapters in the field of marketing tourism. Insights are provided for the use of icons and marquee names to promote your destination plus a complete chapter with general marketing ideas to dramatically increase your arrivals. Another chapter is dedicated to methods on the proper utilization of the Internet with information on optimizing search engines to access your web site. The chapter on maximizing results from your attendance at travel industry trade shows will show you how to build relationships which will produce rich rewards. Trade shows are not a vacation but a hands on marketing experience. Methods of further increasing your international arrivals are found in our chapter on recognizing and marketing niche groups.

This volume presents a collection of contributions dedicated to applied problems in the financial and energy sectors that have been formulated and solved in a stochastic optimization framework. The invited authors represent a group of scientists and practitioners, who cooperated in recent years to facilitate the growing penetration of stochastic programming techniques in real-world applications, inducing a significant advance over a large spectrum of complex decision problems.

After the recent widespread liberalization of the energy sector in Europe and the unprecedented growth of energy prices in international commodity markets, we have witnessed a significant convergence of strategic decision problems in the energy and financial sectors. This has often resulted in common open issues and has induced a remarkable effort by the industrial and scientific communities to facilitate the adoption of advanced analytical and decision tools. The main concerns of the financial community over the last decade have suddenly penetrated the energy sector inducing a remarkable scientific and practical effort to address previously unforeseeable management problems. This proposal aims to include in a unified framework for the first time an extensive set of contributions related to real-world applied problems in finance and energy, leading to a common methodological approach and in many cases having similar underlying economic and financial implications.

During the spring and the summer of 2007 the School of Stochastic Programming held in Bergamo (www.unibg.it/sps2007), and the eleventh symposium on Stochastic Programming in Vienna (http: //www.univie.ac.at/spxi), offered two venues for the presentation of the chapters included in the volume. After the two events, during the fall of 2007, all the invited contributors enthusiastically accepted the invitation to present their original work in the projected volume, from which this proposal was developed.

The volume is structured in three parts, devoted to contributions related to financial applications - Part I, with 7 chapters; energy applications - Part II, with 8 chapters; and to specific theoretical and computational issues - Part III, with 6 chapters -- recently developed in the scientific community and explicitly related to the applied problems presented.

Financial advisors, poker players, hedge fund traders, fund-raisers, sports agents, credit counselors and commissioned salespeople all deal with one central concern in their jobs: money. In Money at Work, Kevin Delaney explores how we think about money and, particularly, how our jobs influence that thinking. By spotlighting people for whom money is the focus of their work, Delaney illuminates how the daily practices experienced in different jobs create distinct ways of thinking and talking about money and how occupations and their work cultures carry important symbolic, material, and practical messages about money. Delaney takes us deep inside the cultures of these 'moneyed' workers, using both interviews and first-hand observations of many of these occupations. From hedge fund trading rooms in New York, to poker players at work in Las Vegas casinos, to a "Christian money retreat" in a monastery in rural Pennsylvania, Delaney illustrates how the underlying economic conditions of various occupations and careers produce what he calls "money cultures," or ways of understanding the meaning of money, which in turn shape one's economic outlook. Key to this is how some professionals, such as debt counselors, think very differently than say poker players in their regard to money-Delaney argues that it is the structure of these professions themselves that in turn influences monetary attitudes. Fundamentally, Money at Work shows that what people do for a living has a profound effect on how people conceive of money both at work and in their home lives, making clear the connections between the economic and the social, shedding light on some of our most basic values. At a time when conversations about money are increasingly important, Delaney shows that we do not merely learn our attitudes toward money in childhood, but we also learn important money lessons from the work that we do.

Food and Beverage Service is THE book to help students develop their professional skills in the hospitality industry. Written by authors with years of experience in industry and training, you can be confident that this comprehensive textbook will cover everything that learners need to know for their level 1 and 2 S/NVQ food and beverage service course.

From exotic spa treatments to euthanasia, this book examines the background and social context of medical tourism-the practice of traveling for health care. This work also documents how this industry is reshaping the face of medicine worldwide for individuals, local communities, and national health care systems. Medical Tourism: A Reference Handbook provides an accessible overview of the state of medical tourism, written from a balanced, unbiased perspective. The authors provide relevant social context for this controversial topic, discussing the state of extremely limited research data on medical tourism; the ethical issues involved, such as traveling to have a black-market organ transplanted; and the significant impact of medical tourism on health care systems-that of the United States, and those of the destination countries. The book highlights many contemporary problems, controversies, and implications of medical tourism both for individuals and health care systems, and presents thought-provoking potential solutions. The topic of medical tourism is also addressed against the backdrop of current healthcare reforms in the United States. Readers can reference a wealth of additional material on medical tourism, ranging from original documents to extensive directories of selected organizations and resources. A timeline of important historical and contemporary events in history of medical tourism An extensive bibliography to assist readers toward additional resources for further research

This book investigates the interface of ethnicity with occupation, empirically observed in luxury international hotels in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. It employs the two main disciplines of anthropology and sociology in order to understand the root causes and meaning of ethnicity at work within the hospitality industry sector. More specifically, it observes social change in a multi-ethnic and non-secular society through an ethnographic study located in a micro organisation: the Grand Hotel. At the individual level, this research shows how identity shifts and transformation can be mediated through the consumption and manipulation of food at the workplace. In addition, it combines an ambitious theoretical discussion on the concept of ethnicity together with empirical data that highlights how ethnicity is lived on an everyday basis at a workplace manifesting the dynamics of cultural, religious and ethnic diversity. The book presents the quantitative and qualitative findings of two complementary surveys and pursues an interdisciplinary approach, as it integrates methodologies from the sociology of organisations with classic fieldwork methods borrowed from ethnology, while combining French and Anglo-Saxon schools of thoughts on questions of identity and ethnicity. The results of the cultural contact occurring in a westernised pocket of the global labour market - in which social practices derive from the headquarters located in a society where ethnicity is self-ascribed - with Malaysian social actors to whom ethnicity is assigned will be of particular interest for social scientists and general readers alike.

This book deconstructs the 'sharing' marketing narratives surrounding Airbnb and similar platforms. It provides a conceptual analysis of the 'sharing economy' and accommodation sector and furthers the ongoing discussion surrounding Airbnb and the social sustainability of city tourism. The volume analyses the touristification of neighbourhoods in the context of broader economic and ideological shifts, thus bridging the gap between academic and social debate. It presents four different city scenarios of potential future developments and evaluates the effects of different regulatory responses, giving readers an understanding of the forces and factors at work and envisioning the ultimate consequences of current developments. The book will appeal to students and researchers in tourism and hospitality studies, futures studies and urban planning, as well as to policymakers and strategists in the hospitality and tourism sectors.

This book proposes three normative frameworks pertaining to risk-measurement, disclosure and governance using expert opinion and data from the top 429 non-financial companies (of the NIFTY 500 index) over a 10-year period. The book offers a novel contribution to the global literature on disclosure quality by presenting a composite measure of the quality as well as quantity of risk disclosures. Focusing on the quality of risk disclosures and risk governance structures, and using sophisticated methodology to tackle the issue of endogeneity, the book explores the important yet uncharted confluence of accounting information, risk and corporate governance. It addresses the interplay between three facets of risk, and is corroborated by practitioners' perspectives as well as case studies. It is an excellent resource for practitioners, professionals and policy-makers, in addition to researchers working on the topic.