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Books > Science & Mathematics > Physics > Applied physics & special topics
This textbook is a unique and ambitious primer of nuclear physics,
which introduces recent theoretical and experimental progresses
starting from basics in fundamental quantum mechanics. The
highlight is to offer an overview of nuclear structure phenomena
relevant to recent key findings such as unstable halo nuclei,
superheavy elements, neutron stars, nucleosynthesis, the standard
model, lattice quantum chromodynamics (LQCD), and chiral effective
theory. An additional attraction is that general properties of
nuclei are comprehensively explained from both the theoretical and
experimental viewpoints. The book begins with the conceptual and
mathematical basics of quantum mechanics, and goes into the main
point of nuclear physics - nuclear structure, radioactive ion beam
physics, and nuclear reactions. The last chapters devote
interdisciplinary topics in association with astrophysics and
particle physics. A number of illustrations and exercises with
complete solutions are given. Each chapter is comprehensively
written starting from fundamentals to gradually reach modern
aspects of nuclear physics with the objective to provide an
effective description of the cutting edge in the field.
Visual Astronomy introduces the basics of observational astronomy,
a fundamentally limitless opportunity to learn about the universe
with your unaided eyes or with tools such as binoculars,
telescopes, or cameras.
The Arctic: A Barometer of Global Climate Variability provides a
comprehensive source of information on all aspects of the Arctic
region. Through thorough research, first-hand accounts and case
studies, the book details international arctic research initiatives
and native environments, including flora and fauna. Sections
explore the impact of climate change, the effect of the Arctic on
climate change, the environmental issues facing the region and how
it is adapting. It is also a must-read source of information for
polar scientists, applicable PhD students, early researchers,
environmental scholars, and anyone searching for information on any
aspect of the Arctic region. Users will find a great resource that
brings together all aspects of Arctic research into one concise
book.
Monitoring drought’s slow evolution and identifying the end of a
drought is still a big challenge for scientists, natural resource
managers, and decision makers. This comprehensive two-volume set
with contributions from over 200 experts, and featuring case
studies representing numerous countries throughout the world,
discusses different aspects of drought from types, indices, and
forecasting to monitoring, modeling, and mitigation measures. It
also addresses how climate change is impacting drought and
decision-making concluding with lessons learned about science,
policy, and managing uncertainty. Features: Provides a global
perspective on drought prediction and management and a synthesis of
the recent state of knowledge. Covers a wide range of topics from
essential concepts and advanced techniques for forecasting and
modeling drought to societal impacts, consequences, and planning
Presents numerous case studies with different management approaches
from different regions and countries. Addresses how climate change
impacts drought, the increasing challenges associated with managing
drought, decision making, and policy implications. Includes
contributions from hundreds of experts around the world.
Professionals, researchers, academics, and postgraduate students
with knowledge in Environmental Sciences, Ecology, Agriculture,
Forestry, Hydrology, Water Resources Engineering, and Earth
Sciences, as well as those interested in how climate change impacts
drought management, will gain new insights from the experts
featured in this two-volume handbook.
Structure and Evolution of Single Stars: An introduction is
intended for upper-level undergraduates and beginning graduates
with a background in physics. Following a brief overview of the
background observational material, the basic equations describing
the structure and evolution of single stars are derived. The
relevant physical processes, which include the equation of state,
opacity, nuclear reactions and neutrino losses are then reviewed.
Subsequent chapters describe the evolution of low-mass stars from
formation to the final white dwarf phase. The final chapter deals
with the evolution of massive stars.
This is an in-depth look at baryon number violation in the Standard
Model including the necessary background in finite temperature
field theory, plasma dynamics and how to calculate the out of
equilibrium evolution of particle number densities throughout a
phase transition. It is a self-contained pedagogical review of the
theoretical background to electroweak baryogenesis as well as a
summary of the other prevailing mechanisms for producing the
asymmetry between matter and antimatter using the Minimal
Supersymmetric Standard Model as a pedagogical tool whenever
appropriate.
Electric glow discharges (glows) can be found almost everywhere,
from atmospheric electricity to modern plasma technologies, and
have long been the object of research. The main purpose of this
book is to provide simple illustrations of the basic physical
mechanisms and principles that determine the properties of electric
glow discharges. It should enable readers to successfully
participate in scientific and technical progress.
This book covers some fundamental aspects and frontiers in
non-equilibrium physics and soft matter research. Apart from the
basic knowledge on nonlinear statistic physics, dynamics, computer
simulations, and main approaches and emerging systems in soft
matter research, particular attention is devoted to new conceptual
flexible functional materials and the enriching areas, such as silk
meso-molecular materials, molecular gels, liquid crystals, flexible
electronics and new types of catalysis, etc. One of the main
characteristics of this book is to start with the structure
formation dynamics and the correlation between the structures and
macroscopic performance. This lays down the foundation for the
mesoscopic materials design and functionalization. The book is
intended for upper undergraduate students, graduate students, and
researchers who are interested in soft matter researches. As one of
main references, the basic principles and technologies of computer
simulations and experimental methods adopted in soft matter
research are also explained. Illustrations and tables are included
in this book to improve the readability, and examples and exercises
are added to help understanding.
This volume provides a detailed description of some of the most
active areas in astrophysics from the largest scales probed by the
Planck satellite to massive black holes that lie at the heart of
galaxies and up to the much awaited but stunning discovery of
thousands of exoplanets. It contains the following chapters: *
Jean-Philippe UZAN, The Big-Bang Theory: Construction, Evolution
and Status * Jean-Loup PUGET, The Planck Mission and the Cosmic
Microwave Background * Reinhard GENZEL, Massive Black Holes:
Evidence, Demographics and Cosmic Evolution * Arnaud CASSAN, New
Worlds Ahead: The Discovery of Exoplanets Reinhard Genzel and
Andrea Ghez shared the 2020 Nobel Prize in Physics "for the
discovery of a supermassive compact object at the centre of our
galaxy'", alongside Roger Penrose "for the discovery that black
hole formation is a robust prediction of the general theory of
relativity". The book corresponds to the twentieth Poincare
Seminar, held on November 21, 2015, at Institut Henri Poincare in
Paris. Originally written as lectures to a broad scientific
audience, these four chapters are of high value and will be of
general interest to astrophysicists, physicists, mathematicians and
historians.
The diverse planetary environments in the solar system react in
somewhat different ways to the encompassing influence of the Sun.
These different interactions define the electrostatic phenomena
that take place on and near planetary surfaces. The desire to
understand the electrostatic environments of planetary surfaces
goes beyond scientific inquiry. These environments have enormous
implications for both human and robotic exploration of the solar
system. This book describes in some detail what is known about the
electrostatic environment of the solar system from early and
current experiments on Earth as well as what is being learned from
the instrumentation on the space exploration missions (NASA,
European Space Agency, and the Japanese Space Agency) of the last
few decades. It begins with a brief review of the basic principles
of electrostatics.
This book is aimed at advanced undergraduates, graduate students
and other researchers who possess an introductory background in
materials physics and/or chemistry, and an interest in the physical
and chemical properties of novel materials, especially transition
metal oxides. New materials often exhibit novel phenomena of great
fundamental and technological importance. Contributing authors
review the structural, physical and chemical properties of notable
4d- and 5d-transition metal oxides discovered over the last 10
years. These materials exhibit extraordinary physical properties
that differ significantly from those of the heavily studied
3d-transition metal oxides, mainly due to the relatively strong
influence of the spin- orbit interaction and orbital order in 4d-
and 5d materials. The immense growth in publications addressing the
physical properties of these novel materials underlines the need to
document recent advances and the current state of this field. This
book includes overviews of the current experimental situation
concerning these materials.
"Advances in Imaging and Electron Physics "merges two
long-running serials--"Advances in Electronics and Electron
Physics" and "Advances in Optical and Electron Microscopy."
This series features extended articles on the physics of
electron devices (especially semiconductor devices), particle
optics at high and low energies, microlithography, image science
and digital image processing, electromagnetic wave propagation,
electron microscopy, and the computing methods used in all these
domains.
* Contributions from leading international scholars and industry
experts
* Discusses hot topic areas and presents current and future
research trends
* Invaluable reference and guide for physicists, engineers and
mathematicians
This title is a greatly expanded and updated second edition of the
original volume published by Elsevier in 1986. New material has
been integrated with the original content in an organized and
comprehensive manner.
Five new chapters have been included, which review over one and a
half decades of research into lipid-coated microbubbles (LCM) and
their medical applications. The new chapters contain much
experimental data, which is examined in detail, along with relevant
current literature.
This current edition builds on the original work in effectively
filling the gap in the market for a comprehensive account of the
surfactant stabilization of coated microbubbles.
- Presents updated results from extensive multidisciplinary
research on coated microbubbles
- Greatly expanded and updated 2nd edition, with five new
chapters
- Fills the gap for a comprehensive and up-to-date account of
subject matter
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