Plastics have occupied an important place in the modern medical industry. It has substituted traditional devices and products made of metal, other materials, and ceramics. Over recent years, increased reliance on transparent plastic pharmaceutical and medical products has produced remarkable breakthroughs that improve medical attention delivery and allow it to be more comfortable for the masses to live better and longer lives. The purpose of this handbook is to provide a strategic perspective on the market to identify opportunities for growth and promising niches in the medical plastics market. It also helps in analyzing emerging trends in medical plastics to facilitate new product development. The medical plastics market is a new field with a broad scope and unending opportunities for manufacturers and suppliers and medical practitioners from healthcare. With a combination of the right material and technology, it has a lot to offer to the patients with affordable pricing. By keeping the worth of the medical plastics market in mind, we have set some objectives. This book identifies growth factors in the medical plastics market and analyzes critical factors of success to compete. The author presents background on the medical plastics market by its usage, products, processes, and innovation. He also reviews existing studies on the medical plastics market for topics like market size, market growth, segment growth, and geographic markets.

Urban parks and gardens are where people go to reconnect with nature and destress. But do they all provide the same benefits or are some better than others? What specific attributes set some green spaces apart? Can we objectively measure their impact on mental health and well-being? If so, how do we use this evidence to guide the design of mentally healthy cities? The Contemplative Landscape Model unveils the path to answer these questions. Rooted in landscape architecture and neuroscience, this innovative concept is described for the first time in an extended format, offering a deep dive into contemplative design and the science behind it. In the face of the global mental health crisis, and increasing disconnection from nature, design strategies for creating healthier urban environments are what our cities so sorely need. The book delves into the neuroscience behind contemplative landscapes, their key spatial characteristics, and practical application of the Contemplative Landscape Model through case studies from around the world. Landscape architects, urban planners, students, land managers, and anyone interested in unlocking the healing power of landscapes will find inspiration here.

Plastics have occupied an important place in the modern medical industry. It has substituted traditional devices and products made of metal, other materials, and ceramics. Over recent years, increased reliance on transparent plastic pharmaceutical and medical products has produced remarkable breakthroughs that improve medical attention delivery and allow it to be more comfortable for the masses to live better and longer lives. The purpose of this handbook is to provide a strategic perspective on the market to identify opportunities for growth and promising niches in the medical plastics market. It also helps in analyzing emerging trends in medical plastics to facilitate new product development. The medical plastics market is a new field with a broad scope and unending opportunities for manufacturers and suppliers and medical practitioners from healthcare. With a combination of the right material and technology, it has a lot to offer to the patients with affordable pricing. By keeping the worth of the medical plastics market in mind, we have set some objectives. This book identifies growth factors in the medical plastics market and analyzes critical factors of success to compete. The author presents background on the medical plastics market by its usage, products, processes, and innovation. He also reviews existing studies on the medical plastics market for topics like market size, market growth, segment growth, and geographic markets.

Convenient - everything at your fingertips, for speedy access in the emergency department, on the ward and in the clinic. Portable - actually fits in a pocket. Illustrated - plentiful photographs and explanatory line diagrams support and enhance the text. Tailored - written specifically with the less experienced practitioner in mind.

Glaucoma is the second leading cause of blindness globally. Early detection and treatment can prevent its progression to avoid total blindness. This book discusses and reviews current approaches for detection and examines new approaches for diagnosing glaucoma using CAD system. Computer-Aided Glaucoma Diagnosis System, Chapter 1 provides a brief introduction of the disease and current methodology used to diagnose it today. Chapter 2 presents a review of the medical background of the disease, followed by a theoretical and mathematical background used in fundus image processing. Chapter 3 is a literature review about segmentation and feature extraction. Chapter 4 describes the formulation of the proposed methodology. In Chapter 5, the results of optic disc and optic cup segmentation algorithm are presented, the feature extraction and selection method, experimental results and performance evaluations of the classifier are given. Chapter 6 presents the conclusions and discussion of the future potential for the diagnostic system. This book is intended for biomedical engineers, computer science students, ophthalmologists and radiologists looking to develop a reliable automated computer-aided diagnosis system (CAD) for detecting glaucoma and improve diagnosis of the disease. Key Features Discusses a reliable automated computer-aided diagnosis system (CAD) for detecting glaucoma and presents an algorithm that detects optic disc and optic cup Assists ophthalmologists and researchers to test a new diagnostic method that reduces the effort and time of the doctors and cost to the patients Discusses techniques to reduce human error and minimize the miss detection rate and facilitate early diagnosis and treatment Presents algorithms to detect cup and disc color, shape features and RNFL texture features Dr. Arwa Ahmed Gasm Elseid is an assistant professor, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Sudan University of Science and Technology, Khartoum, Sudan. Dr. Alnazier Osman Mohammed Hamza is professor of Medical Imaging, College of Engineering, Sudan University of Sciences and Technology, Khartoum, Sudan.

This book presents an overview of the current status of translating the RNAi cancer therapeutics in the clinic, a brief description of the biological barriers in drug delivery, and the roles of imaging in aspects of administration route, systemic circulation, and cellular barriers for the clinical translation of RNAi cancer therapeutics, and with partial content for discussing the safety concerns. It then focuses on imaging-guided delivery of RNAi therapeutics in preclinical development, including the basic principles of different imaging modalities, and their advantages and limitations for biological imaging. With growing number of RNAi therapeutics entering the clinic, various imaging methods will play an important role in facilitating the translation of RNAi cancer therapeutics from bench to bedside. RNAi technique has become a powerful tool for basic research to selectively knock down gene expression in vitro and in vivo. Our scientific and industrial communities have started to develop RNAi therapeutics as the next class of drugs for treating a variety of genetic disorders, such as cancer and other diseases that are particularly hard to address with current treatment strategies. Key Features Provides insight into the current advances and hurdles of RNAi therapeutics. Accelerates RNAi, miRNAs, and siRNA drug development for cancer therapy from bench to bedside. Addresses various modifications and novel delivery strategies for miRNAs, piRNAs and siRNA delivery in anticancer therapeutics. Explores the need for the interaction of hematologists,cell biologists, immunologists, and material scientists in the development of novel cancer therapies. Describes the current status of clinical trials related to miRNA and siRNA-based cancer therapy Presents remaining issues that need to be overcome to establish successful therapies.

This volume presents a collection of peer-reviewed papers on several areas in the field of biomechanics, including biofabrication; biomaterials; cardiovascular biomechanics, biofluids and hemodynamics; biomechanics of the injury/impact; biomechanics of rehabilitation; sports biomechanics; biomechanics of the skull and spine; biomechanics of the musculoskeletal system; biomechanics orofacial; orthopaedic biomechanics; experimental and numerical biomechanics; tissue engineering, and biomedical devices. A collection of novelties and research outcomes presented at the 9th National Biomechanics Congress (CNB 2021, 19-20 February, Porto, Portugal), this book reflects the enthusiasm and intense activity of the Portuguese biomechanical community, as well as the multidisciplinary character of the field. The National Congress of Biomechanics (CNB) is a scientific meeting organized in Portugal under the auspices of the Portuguese Biomechanical Society (SPB).

- Presents a practical and accessible journey from application requirements to technical solutions - Provides a pedagogic treatment of the underlying technology - Describes how safety is to be considered in the application of this technology and how safety and quality can be factored into the overall system.

After the drug discovery and development process, designing suitable formulations to safely deliver the optimum dose, while avoiding side effects, has been a constant challenge, especially when drugs are very toxic and have poor solubility and undesirable clearance profiles. With recent advances in synthetic technologies, nanoparticles can be custom-made from a variety of advanced materials to mimic the bioenvironment and can be equipped with various targeting and imaging moieties for site-specific delivery and real-time imaging. Drug Delivery Using Nanomaterials covers advancements in the field of nanoparticle-based drug-delivery systems, along with all the aspects needed for a successful and marketable nanoformulation. FEATURES Offers a general overview of the entire process involved in the synthesis and characterization of pharmaceutical nanoparticles Covers a broad range of synthetic materials for developing nanoformulations customized for specific disease states, target organs, and drugs Every chapter sequentially builds, providing a progressive pathway from classical nanoparticles to the more advanced to be used as a full drug product by consumers Provides information in a bottom-up manner in that definitions and explanations of relevant background information serve as a framework for understanding advanced concepts This user-friendly reference is aimed at materials engineers, chemical engineers, biomedical engineers, pharmaceutical scientists, chemists, and others working on advanced drug delivery, from academia as well as industry.

Explores how antiviral nanomaterials can be used in developing targeted drug delivery practices and enable pharmaceutical industries to reformulate available drugs on market Covers immunization, imaging, and drug delivery and features various case studies on managing viral diseases Addresses synthesis protocols and recent developments by performing physicochemistry on virion substrate, hybrid viral networks, and multilayered arrays thus enabling R&D experts to study and successfully instigate cutting-edge technologies unique to viruses Discusses current and near future applications of antiviral nanomaterials and their activity in drug delivery systems Describes the role of nanotechnology in prevention, detection, and treatment of COVID-19 Investigates the role of antiviral nanodrugs play in human and animal body systems and in major viral disease types.

Cinematic Virtual Reality brings a combination of documentary, narrative and game design principles to the medical profession and, in the healthcare arena, collaboration is a key component for creating intellectually- and emotionally- rich immersive experiences. "The Power of Virtual Reality Cinema for Healthcare Training" gathers more than a dozen experts from both the production and healthcare fields to break down best practices for creating successful cine-VR projects. Designed for multi-disciplinary teams interested in integrating cine-VR production into their healthcare training and educational programs, this book has been written for two audiences: the healthcare professional interested in what production experts consider when approaching a project, and the media expert curious about how this new technology can be used in the medical field. Highlights include: Cutting edge medical education techniques developed by Ohio University's GRID Lab, including: PREality (creating a forced sense of deja-vu to increase acclimation time), a unique approach to eye-tracking to enhance team performance, and the low-CRIS technique (a low-cost rapid implementation strategy to capture patient care for rapid graduate student training). Insightful production techniques that will enhance your cine-VR projects including advanced plating methods to hide lighting set-ups, immersive audio considerations, and new ways to consider 360 storytelling including the Lovrick montage and the Christmas Carol continuum for story development. Detailed explanations of the production considerations and results of specific cine-VR productions (from funding approaches to distribution) including access to more than five hours of cine-VR examples of the actual productions available for download. Details on a wide variety of medical cine-VR projects, including 100 images that illustrate best practices for topics such as recording in active medical facilities, building successful multi-disciplinary teams, working within HIPAA regulations, conceptualizing cine-VR libraries for graduate education, and implementing innovative distribution models.

Biomechanics of Human Motion: Applications in the Martial Arts, Second Edition, explores the biomechanical principles of nine different forms of martial arts, with specific attention paid to their anatomical features. Within this examination, Professor Arus highlights the use of energy and force especially in Kyusho-Jutsu. Whereas the first edition provided an in-depth explanation of the Aikido techniques of Kokyu-ryoku, the second edition focusses specifically on the grabbing and liberation techniques used in Kyusho-Jutsu. Such an examination stresses the importance of vital points, "finger manipulation", and their co rresponding emphasis on energy usage. As Professor Arus details throughout Biomechanics of Human Motion, Second Edition, knowledge of this form of pressure point maneuvering is useful in both attack and counterattack situations, especially since the martial artist's anatomo-physiological adaptation to effort represents the most significant development in fighting regimens. The second edition also includes a discussion of the katana. Professor Arus notes that defense against the katana is nearly impossible, describing the three major steps used in Japanese (Ma). It is customary in Aikido to defend against a wooden sword. By using a wooden sword, an Aikido Master's demonstration is pre-determined. Techniques to defend against these demonstrations are discussed throughout the book. Finally, various attack and defense techniques using pressure points are also explained in Biomechanics of Human Motion, Second Edition.

Smart materials are the way of the future in a variety of fields, from biomedical engineering and chemistry to nanoscience, nanotechnology, and robotics. Featuring an interdisciplinary approach to smart materials and structures, this second edition of Artificial Muscles: Applications of Advanced Polymeric Nanocomposites has been fully updated to thoroughly review the latest knowledge of ionic polymeric conductor nanocomposites (IPCNCs), including ionic polymeric metal nanocomposites (IPMNCs) as biomimetic distributed nanosensors, nanoactuators, nanotransducers, nanorobots, artificial muscles, and electrically controllable intelligent polymeric network structures. Authored by one of the founding fathers of the field, the book introduces fabrication and manufacturing methods of several electrically and chemically active ionic polymeric sensors, actuators, and artificial muscles, as well as a new class of electrically active polymeric nanocomposites and artificial muscles. It also describes a few apparatuses for modeling and testing various artificial muscles to show the viability of chemoactive and electroactive muscles. It presents the theories, modeling, and numerical simulations of ionic polymeric artificial muscles' electrodynamics and chemodynamics and features current industrial and medical applications of IPMNCs. By covering the fabrication techniques of and novel developments in advanced polymeric nanocomposites, this second edition continues to provides an accessible yet solid foundation to the subject while stimulating further research. Key features: Fully up to date with the latest cutting-edge discoveries in the field Authored by a world expert in the subject area Explores the exciting and growing topic of smart materials in medicine Mohsen Shahinpoor is Professor of Mechanical Engineering at the University of Maine and a leading expert in artificial muscles.

Blood microcirculation is essential to our bodies for the successful supply of nutrients, waste removal, oxygen delivery, homeostasis, controlling temperature, wound healing, and active immune surveillance. This book provides a physical introduction to the subject and explores how researchers can successfully describe, understand, and predict behaviours of blood flow and blood cells that are directly linked to these important physiological functions. Using practical examples, this book explains how the key concepts of physics are related to blood microcirculation and underlie the dynamic behavior of red blood cells, leukocytes, and platelets. This interdisciplinary book will be a valuable reference for researchers and graduate students in biomechanics, fluid mechanics, biomedical engineering, biological physics, and medicine. Features: The first book to provide a physical perspective of blood microcirculation Draws attention to the potential of this physical approach for novel applications in medicine Edited by specialists in this field, with chapter contributions from subject area specialists

This title gives an overview of composites and biocomposites. It discusses the history of CaPO4/ /polymer biocomposites and hybrid biomaterials, as well as analyzing the latest developments in the field. It also covers bioactivity and biodegradation of CaPO4-based biomaterials.

Completely up to date with the latest examination changes, Get Through First FRCR: Questions for the Anatomy Module offers a valuable insight into the updated anatomy module of the First FRCR examination. Over 150 5-part picture questions are presented according to syllabus topics, accurately reflecting the content, style and level of difficulty of the actual examination questions. Anatomical images are included from all modalities commonly used in current radiological practice (plain x-rays, CT, MRI, ultrasound, nuclear medicine). Each question includes a full explanation for each of the 5 stems, providing appropriate anatomy knowledge and relevant radiological learning points for the candidate. Featuring a wealth of practice questions plus one full mock examination, this book has been designed for candidates to assess their knowledge, identify topics that require further study and to build up confidence in preparation for the exam day. Written by Specialty Trainees in Radiology, Get Through First FRCR: Questions for the Anatomy Module is the essential revision tool for all First FRCR candidates preparing for the newly revised examination.

Biotribology includes tribological phenomena of natural and implant surface interactions under relative motion in the human body. Biotribology: Emerging Technologies and Applications disseminates ideas and research trends in biotribology and presents pioneering recent research advances impacting the field, focusing on the roles of mathematics, chemistry, physics, materials, and mechanical engineering. Discusses lubrication of joint replacements, computational modeling of biotribology and multibody biomechanical models Describes metal-organic frameworks, medical friction pairs, and electrochemical techniques to tribocorrosion tests Covers state of the art and future technological developments and applications, as well as challenges and opportunities Biotribology is an important and growing field, and the topics covered in this book will be of great interest to the international tribology community, appealing to readers working in the fields of materials science, biomedical engineering, biotechnology, mechanical engineering, and related areas.

This book is a practical guide for individuals responsible for creating products that are safe, effective, usable, and satisfying in the hands of the intended users. The contents are intended to reduce the number of use errors involving medical devices that have led to injuries and deaths. The book presents the strong connection between user interface requirements and risk management for medical devices and instructs readers how to develop specific requirements that are sufficiently comprehensive and detailed to produce good results - a user-friendly product that is likely to be used correctly. The book's tutorial content is complemented by many real-world examples of user interface requirements, including ones pertaining to an inhaler, automated external defibrillator, medical robot, and mobile app that a patient might use to manage her diabetes. The book is intended for people representing a variety of product development disciplines who have responsibility for producing safe, effective, usable, and satisfying medical devices, including those who are studying or working in human factors engineering, psychology, mechanical engineering, biomedical engineering, systems engineering, software programming, technical writing, industrial design, graphic design, and regulatory affairs.

This book is a practical guide for individuals responsible for creating products that are safe, effective, usable, and satisfying in the hands of the intended users. The contents are intended to reduce the number of use errors involving medical devices that have led to injuries and deaths. The book presents the strong connection between user interface requirements and risk management for medical devices and instructs readers how to develop specific requirements that are sufficiently comprehensive and detailed to produce good results - a user-friendly product that is likely to be used correctly. The book's tutorial content is complemented by many real-world examples of user interface requirements, including ones pertaining to an inhaler, automated external defibrillator, medical robot, and mobile app that a patient might use to manage her diabetes. The book is intended for people representing a variety of product development disciplines who have responsibility for producing safe, effective, usable, and satisfying medical devices, including those who are studying or working in human factors engineering, psychology, mechanical engineering, biomedical engineering, systems engineering, software programming, technical writing, industrial design, graphic design, and regulatory affairs.

Application as well as detection of different chemicals plays an important role in the progress of modern science and technology. The beauty of various characteristics of materials and the inherent logic behind their working mechanisms can be wisely utilized for sensing different chemicals. The mechanisms as well as performances of different materials viz. carbon nanotube, graphene, metal oxides, biomaterials, luminescent metal-organic frameworks, hydrogels, textiles, quantum dots, ligands, crown ethers etc. for identification of different chemicals has been discussed here. This book would be a valuable reference to select suitable materials for possible use in chemical sensors.

Introduces important recent technological advancements in the field Describes the various techniques, platforms, and tools used in biomedical deep learning systems Includes informative case studies that help to explain the new technologies

Globally, there has been a move away from national public sector vaccine development over the past 30 years. Immunization and States: The Politics of Making Vaccines explores vaccine geopolitics, analyzing why, and how this move happened, before looking at the ramifications in the context of Covid-19. This unique book uses eight country studies - looking at Croatia, India, Iran, the Netherlands, Romania, Serbia, Spain, and Sweden - to explore the role of public sector vaccine institutes, past and present. Raising questions about national sovereignty, the erosion of multilateralism, and geopolitics, it also contributes to debates around public interest and privatization in the health sector. An extended introduction sets the chapters in an international context, whilst the epilogue looks forward to the future of vaccine development and production. This is an important book for students, scholars, and practitioners with an interest in vaccine development from a range of fields, including public health, medicine, science and technology studies, history of medicine, politics, international relations, and the sociology of health and illness.

Analysis and Application of Analog Electronic Circuits to Biomedical Instrumentation, Second Edition helps biomedical engineers understand the basic analog electronic circuits used for signal conditioning in biomedical instruments. It explains the function and design of signal conditioning systems using analog ICs-the circuits that enable ECG, EEG, EMG, ERG, tomographic images, biochemical spectrograms, and other crucial medical applications. This book demonstrates how op amps are the keystone of modern analog signal conditioning system design and illustrates how they can be used to build instrumentation amplifiers, active filters, and many other biomedical instrumentation systems and subsystems. It introduces the mathematical tools used to describe noise and its propagation through linear systems, and it looks at how signal-to-noise ratios can be improved by signal averaging and linear filtering. Features Analyzes the properties of photonic sensors and emitters and the circuits that power them Details the design of instrumentation amplifiers and medical isolation amplifiers Considers the modulation and demodulation of biomedical signals Examines analog power amplifiers, including power op amps and class D (switched) PAs Describes wireless patient monitoring, including Wi-Fi and Bluetooth communication protocols Explores RFID, GPS, and ultrasonic tags and the design of fractal antennas Addresses special analog electronic circuits and systems such as phase-sensitive rectifiers, phase detectors, and IC thermometers By explaining the "building blocks" of biomedical systems, the author illustrates the importance of signal conditioning systems in the devices that gather and monitor patients' critical medical information. Fully revised and updated, this second edition includes new chapters, a glossary, and end-of-chapter problems. What's New in This Edition Updated and revised material throughout the book A chapter on the applications, circuits, and characteristics of power amplifiers A chapter on wireless patient monitoring using UHF telemetry A chapter on RFID tags, GPS tags, and ultrasonic tags A glossary to help you decode the acronyms and terms used in biomedical electronics, physiology, and biochemistry New end-of-chapter problems and examples

Value-Added Biocomposites: Technology, Innovation, and Opportunity explores advances in research, processing, manufacturing, and novel applications of biocomposites. It describes the current market situation, commercial competition, and societal and economic impacts and advantages of substituting biocomposites for conventional composites, including natural fibers and bioplastics. FEATURES Discusses manufacturing and processing procedures that focus on improving physical, mechanical, thermal, electrical, chemical, and biological properties and achieving required specifications of downstream industries and customers Analyzes the wide range of available base materials and fillers of biocomposites and bioplastics in terms of the strength and weaknesses of materials and economic potential in the market Displays special and unique properties of biocomposites in different market sectors Showcases the insight of expert scientists and engineers with first-hand experience working with biocomposites across various industries Covers environmental factors, life cycle assessment, and waste recovery Combining technical, economic, and environmental topics, this work provides researchers, advanced students, and industry professionals a holistic overview of the value that biocomposites add across a variety of engineering applications and how to balance research and development with practical results.

Globally, there has been a move away from national public sector vaccine development over the past 30 years. Immunization and States: The Politics of Making Vaccines explores vaccine geopolitics, analyzing why, and how this move happened, before looking at the ramifications in the context of Covid-19. This unique book uses eight country studies - looking at Croatia, India, Iran, the Netherlands, Romania, Serbia, Spain, and Sweden - to explore the role of public sector vaccine institutes, past and present. Raising questions about national sovereignty, the erosion of multilateralism, and geopolitics, it also contributes to debates around public interest and privatization in the health sector. An extended introduction sets the chapters in an international context, whilst the epilogue looks forward to the future of vaccine development and production. This is an important book for students, scholars, and practitioners with an interest in vaccine development from a range of fields, including public health, medicine, science and technology studies, history of medicine, politics, international relations, and the sociology of health and illness.