Biomaterials for Neural Tissue Engineering covers a range of materials and technologies used for regenerating or repairing neural tissue. With a strong focus on biomaterials and scaffolds, the book examines the testing and evaluation pathway for in-vitro and in-vivo testing trials. This book introduces the reader to the fundamentals of the nervous system from a tissue engineering perspective and goes on to describe contemporary technologies used in the development of neural repair materials, as well as currently available biomaterials suitable for neural tissue repair and regeneration. This detailed reference is ideal for those who are new to using biomaterials in tissue engineering, particularly those interested in the nervous system, including academics and early career researchers in the fields of materials science, regenerative medicine, biomedical engineering and clinical sciences.

Security and Privacy Issues in Internet of Medical Things addresses the security challenges faced by healthcare providers and patients. As IoMT devices are vulnerable to cyberattacks, and a security breach through IoMT devices may act as a pathway for hackers to enter hospital networks, the book covers a very timely topic. The incorporation of blockchain in the healthcare environment has given birth to the Internet of Medical Things (IoMT), which consists of a collection of healthcare systems that espouse groundbreaking technologies. Systems consist of inter-linked sensors, wearable technology devices and clinical frameworks that perform explicit, secure machine-to-machine and cloud platform communications. The significance of IoMT in the field of healthcare is undoubtedly a win-win situation for patients through technology enhancements and a collection of analytics that helps in better diagnosis and treatment. Due to higher accuracy levels, IoMT devices are more reliable in reporting and data tracking and help avoid human errors and incorrect reporting.

Protein-based Nanocomposites for Tissue Engineering details the design, development, efficacy and tissue engineering applications of a range of protein-based nanocomposite materials. Protein-based nanocomposites offer advantageous properties in that they are biodegradable, biocompatible, nonantigenic, highly stable and possess strong binding capacity. These unique properties make protein-based nanocomposite carriers promising candidates for controlled cell delivery in tissue engineering. This book covers a selection of protein types in their nanocomposite form, from albumin and keratin to collagen and silk. Each protein nanocomposite is described in detail, exploring their application in cell delivery and tissue engineering. The design, development, properties and molecular mechanism of protein-based nanocomposites is thoroughly discussed before going on to analyze the advantages and limitations of these useful materials, making this book an ideal resource for readers who want to explore biocompatible and naturally derived material options for tissue engineering applications. Academics and researchers in the fields of materials science, biomedical engineering, regenerative medicine and nanotechnology will find the book a must have.

Principles of Human Organs-on-Chips covers all aspects of microfluidic organ-on-a-chip systems, from fabrication to application and commercialization. Organ-on-a-chip models are created to mimic the structural, microenvironmental and physiological functions of human organs, providing the potential to bypass some cell and animal testing methods. This is a useful platform with widespread applications, frequently in drug screening and pathological studies. This book offers a comprehensive and authoritative reference on microfluidic organs-on-chips, spanning all key aspects from fabrication methods, cell culture systems and cell-based analysis, to dedicated chapters on specific tissue types and their associated organ-on-a-chip models, as well as their use as disease models, drug screening platforms and more. Principles of Human Organs-on-Chips helps materials scientists and biomedical engineers to better understand the specific requirements and challenges in the design and fabrication of organ-on-a-chip devices. This book also bridges the knowledge gap between medical device design and subsequent clinical applications, allowing medical professionals to easily learn about related engineering concepts and techniques.

Advances in Accelerators and Medical Physics provides in-depth, comprehensive coverage of basic concepts in X-ray therapy, electron beam therapy, particle therapy, BNCT, RI diagnosis and therapy. Each section of the book presents the current state of the field, details about safety and education, and future trends in advanced research. This book will serve as a key resource for researchers and students to find all information on cancer radiotherapy techniques and methods. Heavy ion radiotherapy used for cancer treatment involves the acceleration of carbon ions to 70% of the speed of light to deliver radiation to cancer cells and cause cell death. This therapy is also expected to be effective in cancers that are difficult to treat or do not respond to conventional treatments. Furthermore, this therapy is associated with several advantages such as shorter treatment duration and fewer side effects.

Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) Nanoparticles for Drug Delivery is a comprehensive guide to PLGA nanoparticles for targeting various diseases, covering principles, formation, characterization, applications, regulations and the latest advances. Sections introduce the fundamental aspects of PLGA nanoparticles for drug delivery, including properties, preparation methods, characterization, drug loading methods, and drug release mechanisms, along with a focus on applications. Application of PLGA nanoparticles for the treatment of cancer, inflammatory, cerebral, cardiovascular, and infectious diseases, as well as in regenerative medicine, photodynamic and photothermal therapy, and gene therapy, are all explained in detail. The final chapters explore recent advances and regulatory aspects. This book is a valuable resource for researchers and advanced students across nanomedicine, polymer science, bio-based materials, chemistry, biomedicine, biotechnology, and materials engineering, as well as for industrial scientists and R&D professionals with an interest in nanoparticles for drug delivery, pharmaceutical formulations and regulations, and development of innovative biodegradable materials.

Plant Polysaccharides as Pharmaceutical Excipients explores innovative techniques and applications of plant-derived polysaccharides as pharmaceutical excipients. Plant polysaccharides are sustainable, renewable and abundantly available, offering attractive properties in terms of water solubility, swelling ability, non-toxicity and biodegradability. These qualities have resulted in extensive exploration into their applications as excipients in a variety of pharmaceutical dosage forms. This book takes a comprehensive, application-oriented approach, drawing on the very latest research that includes sources, classification and extraction methods of plant polysaccharides. Subsequent chapters focus on plant polysaccharides for individual pharmaceutical applications, enabling the reader to understand their preparation for specific targeted uses. Throughout the book, information is supported by illustrations, chemical structures, flow charts and data tables, providing a clear understanding. Finally, future perspectives and challenges are reviewed and discussed.

Antiviral and Antimicrobial Smart Coatings: Fundamentals and Applications provides a critical analysis of all types of smart antiviral and antimicrobial coatings currently being researched. The book opens with a discussion of the microbial and viral pathogens, including how to identify them and their interaction with surfaces. The next three sections look at the concept of smart coatings, specifically antibacterial, antifungal, and antiviral smart coatings, types, effects, and applications. The book concludes by discussing the methods and standards for characterization of coatings and then presents several real world case studies. A valuable resource for those working in the smart coatings field.

Novel Platforms for Drug Delivery Applications covers diverse aspects in the design, synthesis and characterization of novel drug delivery platforms and devices. This book comprehensively details the development, application and performance of various novel molecular frameworks as potent drug delivery vehicles. Chapters cover a range of materials and molecular platforms for drug delivery, from hydrogels, nanocarriers and metal-organic-frameworks, to ?-cyclodextrin and polyphosphazene. Each chapter discusses the benefits and limitations of each drug delivery system, as well as toxicological and safety implications. This book offers an interdisciplinary approach to this fast-moving topic, bridging the disciplines of materials science and pharmacology.

Applications of Unsaturated Polyester Resins: Synthesis, Modifications, and Preparation Methods takes a practical approach to unsaturated polyester-based materials and their preparation for implementation in a range of innovative areas. Sections introduce the background of polyester and the fundamentals of unsaturated polyester resins (UPRs), including chemistry, additives, curing, and processing methods. Hydrolytic stability and structure-property relationships are also discussed in detail, along with coverage of modification strategies for UPR and the development of bio-composites incorporating natural fiber with unsaturated polyester. Subsequent chapters focus on the preparation of UPR for specific target applications, including in construction, marine and aerospace, adhesives and coatings, insulation systems, electrics, pipeline corrosion, military, biomedicine, and tissue engineering. Finally, the advantages and disadvantages of UPR compared to other resins, in terms of properties and performance, as well as life cycle assessment, are addressed and analyzed.

3D Printing in Medicine, Second Edition examines the rapidly growing market of 3D-printed biomaterials and their clinical applications. With a particular focus on both commercial and premarket tools, the book looks at their applications within medicine and the future outlook for the field. The chapters are written by field experts actively engaged in educational and research activities at the top universities in the world. The earlier chapters cover the fundamentals of 3D printing, including topics such as materials and hardware. The later chapters go on to cover innovative applications within medicine such as computational analysis of 3D printed constructs, personalized 3D printing - including 3D cell and organ printing and the role of AI - with a subsequent look at the applications of high-resolution printing, 3D printing in diagnostics, drug development, 4D printing, and much more. This updated new edition features completely revised content, with additional new chapters covering organs-on-chips, bioprinting regulations and standards, intellectual properties, and socio-ethical implications of organs-on-demand.

Foot and Ankle Biomechanics is a one source, comprehensive and modern reference regarding foot and ankle biomechanics. This text serves as both a master reference for foot biomechanics, presenting a clear state of the research and capabilities in the field. The customers for this book will be those looking for information on foot and ankle biomechanics for a range of applications; for example, designers of orthotics.

Advances in Biomedical Polymers and Composites: Materials and Applications is a comprehensive guide to polymers and polymer composites for biomedical applications, bringing together detailed information on their preparation, properties, cutting-edge technologies, innovative materials and key application areas. Sections introduce polymers and composites in biomedical applications and cover characterization techniques, preparation and properties of composites and gel-based systems. Innovative technologies and instruments used in the fabrication of polymer composites for biomedical applications are then presented in detail, including 3D bioprinting, 4D printing, electrospinning, stimuli-responsive polymers and quantum dots. This is a valuable resource for anyone looking to gain a broader understanding of polymers and composites for biomedical applications. In addition, it is ideal for readers who want to conduct interdisciplinary research or explore new avenues for research and development.

Synthesis of Bionanomaterials for Biomedical Applications summarizes a range of procedures, including green synthesis of metal nanoparticles, metal oxide nanoparticles, and other types of nanoparticles while also exploring the appropriate use of these nanoparticles in various therapeutic applications such as anticancer, antibacterial, antifungal, drug delivery, and more. The book provides important information for materials scientists and pharmaceutical scientists on the synthesis of various nanoparticles using a variety of eco-friendly bionanomaterials. As concern has arisen regarding the environmental impact caused by some of nanomaterials, as well as their possible toxicity to cells, this book presents information on a new generation of eco-friendly materials. In addition, the green synthesis of nanoparticles shows how environmentally-friendly nanoparticles can be synthesized from different biological sources, such as microbes, fungi, algae and plants.

Polymeric Micelles for Drug Delivery provides a comprehensive overview on the synthesis, characterization and application of polymeric micelles in drug delivery applications. The use of nanomedicines and carriers, such as polymeric micelles, has made it possible to deliver drugs, genes and therapeutic agents to localized disease sites to maximize clinical benefit while limiting unwanted side effects. This book thoroughly reviews the development and application of polymeric micelles for drug delivery, covering various polymer types and the synthesis, characterization and pharmacokinetics of different micelles. Subsequent chapters go on to look at the range of drug delivery applications of polymeric micelles - such as mucosal and transdermal - and the assorted stimuli-responsive micelles available. The book concludes with an important analysis of the environmental and regulatory aspects associated with micelle development and clinical translation.

Emerging Phytosynthesized Nanomaterials for Biomedical Applications provides readers with an increased understanding of the efficacy of phytochemicals obtained from plant extracts for the synthesis of nanomaterials, mechanism of formation, and the development of functional composites, all while still minimizing toxicity to humans and the environment. The book presents various novel biomedical applications of phytosynthesized nanomaterials for cancer, diabetes and cardiovascular treatment, drug delivery, antimicrobial agents, orthopedics, and biosensors, as well as pharmaceutical product development. This is an important reference source for biomaterials scientists and plant scientists looking to increase their understanding of how photosynthesized nanomaterials can be used in biomedical applications.

Nanomaterials for Photodynamic Therapy takes a unique approach to this area, with a key focus on the use of nanomaterials and nanocarriers for photodynamic therapy (PDT). The book introduces the history and mechanism of action behind PDT, covering the variety of sensitizers currently available. Subsequent chapters review existing and emerging nanomaterials for PDT, including hydrogel nanocomposites, fullerenes, quantum dots, polymeric micelles, and more. Challenges and translational aspects of PDT are also discussed, touching on the issues and hindrances of drug resistant cancers. The book bridges the gap between the physics and clinical aspects of PDT, offering a unique nanomaterials-focused perspective. This book will prove useful for materials scientists, biomedical engineers, electrical and optical engineers, and pharmaceutical scientists interested in cancer treatment.

Comprehensive Metaheuristics: Algorithms and Applications presents the foundational underpinnings of metaheuristics and a broad scope of algorithms and real-world applications across a variety of research fields. The book starts with fundamentals, mathematical prerequisites, and conceptual approaches to provide readers with a solid foundation. After presenting multi-objective optimization, constrained optimization, and problem formation for metaheuristics, world-renowned authors give readers in-depth understanding of the full spectrum of algorithms and techniques. Scientists, researchers, academicians, and practitioners who are interested in optimizing a process or procedure to achieve a goal will benefit from the case studies of real-world applications from different domains. The book takes a much-needed holistic approach, putting the most widely used metaheuristic algorithms together with an in-depth treatise on multi-disciplinary applications of metaheuristics. Each algorithm is thoroughly analyzed to observe its behavior, providing a detailed tutorial on how to solve problems using metaheuristics. New case studies and research problem statements are also discussed, which will help researchers in their application of the concepts.

Principles of Biomaterials Encapsulation: Volume One, provides an expansive and in-depth resource covering the key principles, biomaterials, strategies and techniques for encapsulation. Volume One begins with an introduction to encapsulation, with subsequent chapters dedicated to a broad range of encapsulation principles and techniques, including spray chilling and cooling, microemulsion, polymerization, extrusion, cell microencapsulation and much more. This book methodically details each technique, assessing the advantages and disadvantages of each, allowing the reader to make an informed decision when using encapsulation in their research. Principles of Biomaterials Encapsulation: Volume One enables readers to learn about the various strategies and techniques available for encapsulation of a wide selection of biomedical substrates, such as drugs, cells, hormones, growth factors and so on. Written and edited by well-versed materials scientists with extensive clinical, biomedical and regenerative medicine experience, this book offers a deeply interdisciplinary look at encapsulation in translational medicine. As such, this book will provide a useful resource to a broad readership, including those working in the fields of materials science, biomedical engineering, regenerative and translational medicine, pharmacology, chemical engineering and nutritional science.

AI Assurance: Towards Trustworthy, Explainable, Safe, and Ethical AI provides readers with solutions and a foundational understanding of the methods that can be applied to test AI systems and provide assurance. Anyone developing software systems with intelligence, building learning algorithms, or deploying AI to a domain-specific problem (such as allocating cyber breaches, analyzing causation at a smart farm, reducing readmissions at a hospital, ensuring soldiers' safety in the battlefield, or predicting exports of one country to another) will benefit from the methods presented in this book. As AI assurance is now a major piece in AI and engineering research, this book will serve as a guide for researchers, scientists and students in their studies and experimentation. Moreover, as AI is being increasingly discussed and utilized at government and policymaking venues, the assurance of AI systems-as presented in this book-is at the nexus of such debates.

New Trends in Smart Nanostructured Biomaterials in Health Sciences provides guidance on the design and synthesis of nanostructured smart biomaterials, as well as the resultant therapeutic effects and associated biomedical applications of these novel materials. The book provides readers with a deeper understanding of these novel biomaterials and aids them in making informed decisions when selecting appropriate materials for tissue engineering and cancer therapy applications. It will be of specific interest to materials scientists, biomedical engineers, oncological scientists, tissue engineers and those working in regenerative medicine. Nanostructured smart materials have the special ability to respond to changes in the cell microenvironment, allowing for robust, biocompatible and rapidly adaptable, therapeutic and restorative action against a range of ailments. These materials are thus ideal candidates for use in tissue engineering and cancer therapy due to the varying nature of the cell microenvironment between persons, tissues and cancers. This book covers the design, synthesis, unique properties and application of smart biomaterials in these two key topic areas of tissue engineering and cancer therapeutics.

Protein-Based Biopolymers: From Source to Biomedical Applications provides an overview on the development and application of protein biopolymers in biomedicine. Protein polymers have garnered increasing focus in the development of biomedical materials, devices and therapeutics due to their intrinsic bioactivity, biocompatibility and biodegradability. This book comprehensively reviews the latest advances on the synthesis, characterization, properties and applications of protein-based biopolymers. Each chapter is dedicated to a single protein class, covering a broad range of proteins including silk, collagen, keratin, fibrin, and more. In addition, the book explores the biomedical potential of these polymers, from tissue engineering, to drug delivery and wound healing. This book offers a valuable resource for academics and researchers in the fields of materials science, biomedical engineering and R&D groups working in pharmaceutical and biomedical industries.

Natural Polymers in Wound Healing and Repair: From Basic Concepts to Emerging Trends presents comprehensive coverage on the development and application of natural polymers in wound healing and repair, including fundamental concepts, traditional approaches, cutting-edge methods and emerging trends. The application of natural polymers has evolved from their use in the simplest wound management material, to drug eluting matrices, to cell-laden constructs, and to 3D bio-printed skin equivalents. This book reflects the remarkable progress that has been made in recent years in this innovative field. This is an essential resource for researchers, scientists, and advanced students across polymer science, biomaterials, bio-based and sustainable materials, biomedicine, biomedical engineering, pharmaceuticals, and materials science and engineering. It will also be valuable to R&D professionals, scientists, technologists and all those working in a medical setting who are interested in the latest developments in advanced materials for wound management, healing and repair.

Aptamers Engineered Nanocarriers for Cancer Therapy details the selection technologies, biological characteristics, and clinical uses of aptamer-based nano agents for cancer therapeutics. The book helps facilitate speedy solutions for some of the problems pertaining to the manufacture of nano-aptamers - such as toxicity, thermal stability, cost efficiency, tumor penetration and blood stability. Key chapters cover cell-SELEX technology for aptamer selection, mechanisms of multi-drug resistance of cancer, the relevance of aptamers as anticancer therapies, as well as the broad range of aptamer-functionalized nanostructures available. This book provides exciting insights into this relatively new approach to cancer therapeutics, and will be of interest to materials scientists, biomedical engineers, molecular biologists, biochemists and clinical scientists, with a focus on cancer therapy.