Food selection plays an important role in ensuring pro- and anti-inflammatory balance. Certain foods are responsible for increasing inflammation while others have anti-inflammation properties. Western diets especially, rich in red meat, simple carbohydrates, and refined grains, increase the levels of pro-inflammatory markers, C-reactive protein (CRP), and interleukin-6 (IL-6). Additionally, short- and long-chain fatty acids, various micronutrients including zinc, selenium, iron, vitamin A, probiotics, and prebiotic foods affect inflammation. As inflammation can be linked to a variety of diseases, more studies are needed about nutrition and its ability to prevent inflammation. Role of Nutrition in Providing Pro-/Anti-Inflammatory Balance: Emerging Research and Opportunities is an essential publication that examines balancing inflammation through nutrition and nutritional strategies. Firstly, information about the formation process of inflammation, biomarkers used for diagnosis, diseases affected by inflammation, and their incidence in society are discussed. Subsequently, balancing inflammation in individuals through macro- and micro-nutrient consumption, nutritional supplements (probiotics and prebiotics), bioactive proteins and peptides, and dietary forms is examined. Featuring research covering a broad range of topics including food supplements, diet types, and bioactive proteins, this book is ideally designed for nutritionists, dieticians, clinicians, doctors, nurses, healthcare providers, researchers, academicians, and students.

A primary concern of rare disease diagnosis is the lack of accurate information that may lead to delayed interventions, administering inaccurate treatments, and social consequences. Health communication continues to be one-way and rely on the expertise from the health practitioner. In such a broad spectrum of rare diseases, patients may find it difficult to obtain timely information, accurate diagnosis, and appropriate treatments, surgeries, medications, or psychological counseling in their own countries. The use of information and communication technologies can create new communication channels that address this lack of knowledge. Communicating Rare Diseases and Disorders in the Digital Age is an essential reference source that uses computer-mediated communication to improve patient knowledge when afflicted or dealing with rare health conditions. Featuring research on topics such as support networking, eHealth management, and social computing, this book is ideally designed for health practitioners, physicians, patients, medical administrators, nurses, surgeons, infectious disease educators, hospital directors, world health organizations, academicians, students, and researchers seeking coverage on current advances in health communication, computer science, and epidemiology.

Pharmacology of Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS), Volume 84, the newest volume in the Advances in Pharmacology series, presents a variety of chapters from the best authors in the field on essential topics, with this volume presenting chapters on Targeting the adenosinergic system in Restless Legs Syndrome, Assessing iron uptake mechanisms in the brain: impact of gender and genotype, Pharmacological treatments of RLS in augmentation, C. elegans and its applicability to studies on RLS, The neurophysiology of hyperarousal in RLS: hints for a role of glutamate/GABA, Treatment management and options in RLS patients, Pharmacological responsiveness of Periodic Legs Movements during Sleep, and more.

Scientists are deciphering the biology of the tumor cell at a level of detail that would have been hard to imagine just a decade or so ago. The development of high-throughput DNA sequencing and genomics technologies have allowed an understanding of the development, growth, survival, and spread of cancer cells in the body. From this information, we now have a basic blueprint or roadmap of how a single damaged cell can develop into a pre-malignant lesion, a primary tumor, and finally, a lethal tumor that may spread throughout the body and resist both medical therapy and host immune responses. In this book, we provide an overview of our current understanding of this cancer blueprint, which has been aided both by the study of familial cancer syndromes, in vitro studies of cancer cells, and animal models. Three classes of genes have emerged from these studies: tumor suppressor genes needed for normal growth control and DNA repair; oncogenes that regulate cell growth and survival, and epigenetic modifiers, enzymes that regulate the modification of DNA and the proteins that form chromatin. Each of these three classes of genes is mutated or altered at least once in virtually all malignant cancer cells. Current technologies permit the DNA sequencing of cancer exomes (coding gene sequencing), whole genomes, transcriptome (all expressed genes), and DNA methylation profiling. These studies show that all tumors have unique constellations of mutated, rearranged, amplified, and deleted genes. Single-cell sequencing further shows that there is extensive variation in individual cells in the tumor; that cancers evolve, and have many of the properties of a multi-cellular entity. Lastly, cancer cells, through mutations in epigenetic modifiers, can reprogram the genome and unlock entire developmental and gene expression pathways to adapt and survive in changing conditions. This reprogramming allows the tumor to elude the host body's defenses, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and targeted therapy that we use in cancer treatment. Understanding this cancer blueprint paves the way for the development of future therapies to treat and eliminate cancer.

Advanced techniques in eye care has significantly influenced how diseases and conditions are treated and diagnosed. While many strides have been made, there is still continuous research in the ophthalmology field. Ophthalmology: Breakthroughs in Research and Practice is an innovative reference source for the latest academic material on the identification, treatment, and management methodologies of eye diseases and disorders. Highlighting a range of topics, such as retinal prosthesis, ocular diseases, and ophthalmoscopy, this publication is ideally designed for researchers, graduate-level students, and professionals in the medical field.