NMR Spectroscopy in Liquids and Solids provides an introduction of the general concepts behind Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) and its applications, including how to perform adequate NMR experiments and interpret data collected in liquids and solids to characterize molecule systems in terms of their structure and dynamics. The book is composed of ten chapters. The first three chapters consider the theoretical basis of NMR spectroscopy, the theory of NMR relaxation, and the practice of relaxation measurements. The middle chapters discuss the general aspects of molecular dynamics and their relationships to NMR, NMR spectroscopy and relaxation studies in solutions, and special issues related to NMR in solutions. The remaining chapters introduce general principles and strategies involved in solid-state NMR studies, provide examples of applications of relaxation for the determination of molecular dynamics in diamagnetic solids, and discuss special issues related to solid state NMR including NMR relaxation in paramagnetic solids. All chapters are accompanied by references and recommended literature for further reading. Many practical examples of multinuclear NMR and relaxation experiments and their interpretations are also presented. The book is ideal for scientists new to NMR, students, and investigators working in the areas of chemistry, biochemistry, biology, pharmaceutical sciences, or materials science.

From forensics and security to pharmaceuticals and environmental applications, spectroscopic detection is one of the most cost-effective methods for identifying chemical compounds in a wide range of disciplines. For spectroscopic information, correlation charts are far more easily used than tables, especially for scientists and students whose own areas of specialization may lie elsewhere. The CRC Handbook of Fundamental Spectroscopic Correlation Charts provides a collection of spectroscopic information and unique correlation charts for use in the interpretation of spectroscopic measurements. The handbook presents useful analysis and assignment of spectra and structural elucidation of organic and organometallic molecules. The correlation charts are compiled from an extensive search of spectroscopic literature and contain current, detailed information that includes new results for many compounds. The handbook includes graphical data charts for nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy of the most useful nuclei, as well as infrared and ultraviolet spectrophotometry. Because mass spectrometry data is not best represented graphically, the data are presented in tabular form, where mass spectrometry can be used for analyses and structural determinations in tandem with other techniques. In addition to presenting absorption bands and intensities for a variety of important functional groups and chemical families, the book also discusses instrument calibration, diagnostics, common solvents, fragmentation patterns, several practical conversion tables, and laboratory safety. Not intended to replace reference works that provide exhaustive spectral charts on specific compound classes, this book fills the need for fundamental charts that are needed on a general, day-to-day basis. The CRC Handbook of Fundamental Spectroscopic Correlation Charts is an ideal laboratory companion for students and professionals in academic, industrial, and government labs.

Modern ESCA: The Principles and Practice of X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy is a unique text/reference that focuses on the branch of electron spectroscopy generally labeled as either Electron Spectroscopy for Chemical Analysis (ESCA) or X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS). The book emphasizes the use of core level and valence band binding energies, their shifts, and line widths. It describes the background, present status, and possible future uses of a number of recently developed branches of ESCA, including:

Presents chemical state imaging methods useful on distance scales ranging from individual atoms to millimeters. This work is intended for chemists familiar with modern spectroscopies, but includes tutorial material on basic imaging processes for those with little background in the field.

This book addresses Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (FAAS), which has gained worldwide acceptance as an analytical technique. FAAS offers 100-1000 times better determination and detection limits than other techniques for a majority of the elements. This technique requires a small sample size, and demands less sample-preparation time than others. The handbook is a collection of thousands of references for detection and determination of various elements in agricultural products, biological and clinical samples, and metallurgical and electronic materials. Each chapter is devoted to an element or a similar group of elements. Included are instrumental setup parameters, references, and author and subject indexes. Also presented are detailed appendixes covering glossary, list of manufacturers of spectrophotometers and its accessories, list of chemical suppliers, and list of reviews and abstracts. The handbook covers topics such as heavy metals, clinical products, and trace metal analysis. This desk-top reference is meant for chemists who handle day-to-day analysis problems in laboratories in government, clinical, industrial and academic settings. It is invaluable for those involved in research in environmental science, analytical chemistry, clinical chemistry and forensic science.

This book provides an overview of the state of the art in pharmaceutical applications of UV-VIS spectroscopy. This book presents the fundamentals for the beginner and, for the expert, discusses both qualitative and quantitative analysis problems. Several chapters focus on the determination of drugs in various matrices, the coupling of chromatographic and spectrophotometric methods, and the problems associated with the use of chemical reactions prior to spectrophotometric measurements. The final chapter provides a survey of the spectrophotometric determination of the main families of drugs, emphasizing the achievements of the last decade.

Keeping mathematics to a minimum, this book introduces nuclear properties, nuclear screening, chemical shift, spin-spin coupling, and relaxation. It is one of the few books that provides the student with the physical background to NMR spectroscopy from the point of view of the whole of the periodic table rather than concentrating on the narrow applications of 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy. Aids to structure determination, such as decoupling, the nuclear Overhauser effect, INEPT, DEPT, and special editing, and two dimensional NMR spectroscopy are discussed in detail with examples, including the complete assignment of the 1H and 13C NMR spectra of D-amygdain. The authors examine the requirements of a modern spectrometer and the effects of pulses and discuss the effects of dynamic processes as a function of temperature or pressure on NMR spectra. The book concludes with chapters on some of the applications of NMR spectroscopy to medical and non-medical imaging techniques and solid state chemistry of both I = F1/2 and I > F1/2 nuclei. Examples and problems, mainly from the recent inorganic/organometallic chemistry literature support the text throughout. Brief answers to all the problems are provided in the text with full answers at the end of the book.

This quick-reference guide contains over 400 Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectra of commonly used pesticides and related metabolites. Systematically arranged for easy referral, the book: supplies relevant chemical, physical and structural data, in addition to the spectra; compares the improved quality of spectra performed on Fourier transform instruments, in terms of signal-to-noise ratio and optical resolution, to those recorded on dispersive spectrometers; and promotes Good Laborotory Practices (GLP) and Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP) by applying infrared spectroscopy to identify control of standards prior to performing qualitative and quantitative analyses.

The only comprehensive guide to CIMS applications in structural elucidation and analytical studies

Chemical Ionization Mass Spectrometry, 2nd Edition, provides a comprehensive, up-to-date review of CIMS applications in structural elucidation and quantitative analytical studies. For the benefit of readers without a background in gaseous ion chemistry, a thorough review is presented in Chapter 2. Other chapters discuss such topics as reagent ion systems within the context of the thermochemistry and kinetics of the ionization process, including reactions and the type of information obtained; isotopic exchange reactions; stereochemical effects in chemical ionization; and reactive ion/molecule collisions in quadrupole cells. Chemical ionization mass spectra of 13 classes of compounds are discussed in detail to illustrate the influence of different functional groups on the spectra observed.

Chemical Ionization Mass Spectrometry, 2nd Edition will be a valuable reference for anyone interested in mass spectrometry and gaseous ion chemistry in general.

Offers coverage of internal reflection spectroscopy (IRS) and its applications to polymer, semiconductor, biological, electrochemical and membrane research. This work describes the theory and procedures and identifies the spectral regions, from materials characterization to process monitoring.

Photon-in-photon-out core level spectroscopy is an emerging approach to characterize the electronic structure of catalysts and enzymes, and it is either installed or planned for intense synchrotron beam lines and X-ray free electron lasers. This type of spectroscopy requires high-energy resolution spectroscopy not only for the incoming X-ray beam but also, in most applications, for the detection of the outgoing photons. Thus, the use of high-resolution X-ray crystal spectrometers whose resolving power E/E is typically about 10-4, is mandatory. High-Resolution XAS/XES: Analyzing Electronic Structures of Catalysts covers the latest developments in X-ray light sources, detectors, crystal spectrometers, and photon-in-photon-out core level spectroscopy techniques. It also addresses photon-in-photon-out core level spectroscopy applications for the study of catalytic systems, highlighting hard X-ray measurements primarily due to probe high penetration, enabling in situ studies. This first-of-its-kind book: Discusses high-resolution X-ray emission spectroscopy (XES) and X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) in terms of time-resolved and surface enhancement Supplies an understanding of catalytic reactivity essential for capitalizing on core level X-ray spectroscopy at fourth-generation light sources (XFELs) Describes all spectrometers developed to perform core level X-ray spectroscopy, considering the advantages and disadvantages of each Details methods to elucidate aspects of catalysts under working conditions, such as active sites and molecule adsorption Introduces theoretical calculations of spectra and explores biological as well as heterogeneous catalysts Complete with guidelines and warnings for the use of this type of spectroscopy, High-Resolution XAS/XES: Analyzing Electronic Structures of Catalysts provides a comprehensive overview of the current state of this exciting field.

With usage of mass spectrometry continually expanding, an increasing number of scientists, technicians, students, and physicians are coming into contact with this valuable technique. Mass spectrometry has many uses, both qualitative and quantitative, from analyzing simple gases to environmental contaminants, pharmaceuticals, and complex biopolymers. The extraordinary versatility can make mass spectrometers daunting to novices. Consequently, new users would benefit greatly from an understanding of the basic concepts as well as the processes that occur in these instruments. Mass Spectrometry for the Novice provides exactly that, with detailed, straightforward descriptions and clear illustrations of principles of operations and techniques. The book begins with an overview that includes essential definitions and then provides information on the components of and the strategies used in the most common instruments. The authors discuss the methodologies available, classes of compounds analyzed, and the types of data that can be generated. A group of representative applications from published articles is summarized, demonstrating the diversity of mass spectrometry. The authors also condense the essentials of the topic into one invaluable chapter that provides a set of concise take-home messages on all aspects of mass spectrometry. The final section provides a collection of resources including books, reviews, and useful websites. Using simple language, new color figures, clever cartoons, and assuming no prior knowledge, this book provides a readily understandable entree to mass spectrometry. Downloadable resources with selected figures and cartoons is included.

This book provides a comprehensive review of the application of 17O NMR spectroscopy to organic chemistry. Topics include the theoretical aspects of chemical shift, quadrupolar and J coupling; 17O enrichment; the effect of steric interactions on 17O chemical shifts of functional groups in flexible and rigid systems; the application of 17O NMR spectroscopy to hydrogen bonding investigations; mechanistic problems in organic and bioorganic chemistry; and 17O NMR spectroscopy of oxygen monocoordinated to carbon in alcohols, ethers, and derivatives. Recent results that show correlations between molecular geometry, determined by X-ray studies and estimated by molecular mechanics calculations, and 17O chemical shifts are also covered. 17O Spectroscopy in Organic Chemistry provides important reference information for organic chemists and other scientists interested in 17O NMR spectroscopy as a tool for obtaining new structural and chemical data about organic molecules.

This guide to two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy helps the novice who want e the technique, but needs a path through the bewildering array of metho acronyms and the mathematical rigor found in most books.
The authors provide a clear explanation of experiment performance, param lection, data processing and presentation as well as a description of wh rmation is provided by each experiment and how it is extracted and inter They group presentations of two-dimensional NMR experiments according t zation, e.g. COSY, LRCOSY, ZQCOSY, DQCOSY ... for establishing proton-pr nnectivities.
The book also presents spectra of the same model compound using various ues to enable the reader to make direct comparisons and facilitate his e nt selection. Examples of the concerted utilization of various two-dimen NMR experiments to solve complex structural problems are also given.

Laser spectroscopy has been perfected over the last fifteen years to become a precise tool for the investigation of highly vibrationally excited molecules. Intense infrared laser radiation permits both the multiple-photon resonant excitation and the dissociation of polyatomic molecules. In this book, the latest results of some of the foremost Soviet researchers are published for the first time in the West.
Laser Spectroscopy of Highly Vibrationally Excited Molecules contains a comprehensive study of both the experimental and theoretical aspects of the basic photophysical interactions that occur in these processes. The book first focuses on the nonlinear interaction between the resonant vibrational mode and the intense infrared field and then examines the nonlinear interaction between the vibrational modes themselves due to anharmonicity. These interrelated processes determine all the characteristics of polyatomic molecules in an infrared field. The book also discusses related phenomena such as spectra broadening, optical resonance, photon echoes, and dynamical chaos. It includes examples of multiple-photon resonant excitation such as the excitation of OsO4 by CO DEGREESO2 laser radiation, which is detected by the visible luminescence that results.
This book will be of great interest to researchers and postgraduate students in infrared laser spectroscopy and the laser chemistry of molecules and applications of isotope separation.

This book is intended to serve as an up-to-date reference source for those familiar with chromatography/Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) methods and as an introduction to techniques and applications for those interested in future uses for chromatography/FT-IR.

Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is one of the most powerful and widely used techniques in chemical research for investigating structures and dynamics of molecules. Advanced methods can even be utilized for structure determinations of biopolymers, for example proteins or nucleic acids. NMR is also used in medicine for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The method is based on spectral lines of different atomic nuclei that are excited when a strong magnetic field and a radiofrequency transmitter are applied. The method is very sensitive to the features of molecular structure because also the neighboring atoms influence the signals from individual nuclei and this is
important for determining the 3D-structure of molecules.
This new edition of the popular classic has a clear style and a highly practical, mostly non-mathematical approach. Many examples are taken from organic and organometallic chemistry, making this book an invaluable guide to undergraduate and graduate students of organic chemistry, biochemistry, spectroscopy or physical chemistry, and to researchers using this well-established and extremely important technique. Problems and solutions are included.

This work discusses the origins and development of SFC, the instrumentation that has been used and the technique's growth from the related methodologies of GLC and HPLC. It also covers in more detail the ways in which the separation in SFC can be altered to increase selectivity, compares the roles of packed and capillary columns and covers the coupling of SFC to mass spectrometry. SFC is a rapidly expanding analytical technique which will have great impact on analytical procedures in the petroleum, pharmaceutical, food, agrochemical and biotechnology industries. The RSC Chromatography Monographs series aims to cover all aspects, techniques and applications and will include GLC, HPLC, TLC, SFC, affinity chromatography and counter-current chromatography. It is intended for use by the individual practising chromatography on a day-to-day basis in the laboratory.

Over recent years electronic spectroscopy has developed significantly, with key applications in atmospheric chemistry, astrophysics and astrochemistry. High Resolution Electronic Spectroscopy of Small Molecules explores both theoretical and experimental approaches to understanding the electronic spectra of small molecules, and explains how this information translates to practice. Professors Geoffrey Duxbury and Alexander Alijah present the links between spectroscopy and photochemistry, and discuss theoretical treatments of the interaction between different electronic states. They provide a thorough discussion of experimental techniques, and explore practical applications. This book will be an indispensable reference for graduate students and researchers in physics and chemistry working on theoretical and practical aspects of electronic spectra, as well as atmospheric scientists, photochemists, kineticists and professional spectroscopists.

Conjugated polymeric materials and their nanocomposites are widely used for the creation of alternative sources of renewable energy, cell phone screens, mobile gadgets, video players and OLED-TV, as well as organic diodes, transistors, sensors, etc. with field-dependent and spin-assisted electronic properties. Multifrequency EPR Spectroscopy methods can help researchers optimize their structural, magnetic and electronic properties for the creation of more efficient molecular devices. This book will acquaint the reader with the basic properties of conjugated polymers, the fundamentals of EPR Spectroscopy, and the information that can be obtained at different wavebands of EPR spectroscopy.

The various forms of microscopy and related microanalytical techniques are making unique contributions to semiconductor research and development that underpin many important areas of microelectronics technology. Microscopy of Semiconducting Materials 1987 highlights the progress that is being made in semiconductor microscopy, primarily in electron probe methods as well as in light optical and ion scattering techniques. The book covers the state of the art, with sections on high resolution microscopy, epitaxial layers, quantum wells and superlattices, bulk gallium arsenide and other compounds, properties of dislocations, device silicon and dielectric structures, silicides and contacts, device testing, x-ray techniques, microanalysis, and advanced scanning microscopy techniques. Contributed by numerous international experts, this volume will be an indispensable guide to recent developments in semiconductor microscopy for all those who work in the field of semiconducting materials and research development.

Ultrafast Dynamics at the Nanoscale provides a combined experimental and theoretical insight into the molecular-level investigation of light-induced quantum processes in biological systems and nanostructured (bio)assemblies. Topics include DNA photostability and repair, photoactive proteins, biological and artificial light-harvesting systems, plasmonic nanostructures, and organic photovoltaic materials, whose common denominator is the key importance of ultrafast quantum effects at the border between the molecular scale and the nanoscale. The functionality and control of these systems have been under intense investigation in recent years in view of developing a detailed understanding of ultrafast nanoscale energy and charge transfer, as well as fostering novel technologies based on sustainable energy resources. Both experiment and theory have made big strides toward meeting the challenge of these truly complex systems. This book, thus, introduces the reader to cutting-edge developments in ultrafast nonlinear optical spectroscopies and the quantum dynamical simulation of the observed dynamics, including direct simulations of two-dimensional optical experiments. Taken together, these techniques attempt to elucidate whether the quantum coherent nature of ultrafast events enhances the efficiency of the relevant processes and where the quantum-classical boundary sets in, in these high-dimensional biological and material systems. The chapters contain well-illustrated accounts of the authors' research work, including didactic introductory material, and address a multidisciplinary audience from chemistry, physics, biology, and materials sciences. The book is, therefore, a must-have for graduate- and postgraduate-level researchers who wish to learn about molecular nanoscience from a combined spectroscopic and theoretical viewpoint.

Concepts in Projection-Reconstruction, by Ray Freeman and riks Kup e.- Automated Projection Spectroscopy and Its Applications, by Sebastian Hiller and Gerhard Wider.- Data Sampling in Multidimensional NMR: Fundamentals and Strategies, by Mark W. Maciejewski, Mehdi Mobli, Adam D. Schuyler, Alan S. Stern and Jeffrey C. Hoch.- Generalized Fourier Transform for Non-Uniform Sampled Data, by Krzysztof Kazimierczuk, Maria Misiak, Jan Stanek, Anna Zawadzka-Kazimierczuk and Wiktor Ko mi ski.- Applications of Non-Uniform Sampling and Processing, by Sven G. Hyberts, Haribabu Arthanari and Gerhard Wagner"

The dielectric properties especially of glassy materials are nowadays explored at widely varying temperatures and pressures without any gap in the spectral range from Hz up to the Infrared, thus covering typically 20 decades or more. This extraordinary span enables to trace the scaling and the mutual interactions of relaxation processes in detail, e.g. the dynamic glass transition and secondary relaxations, but as well far infrared vibrations, like the Boson peak. Additionally the evolution of intra-molecular interactions in the course of the dynamic glass transition is also well explored by (Fourier Transform) Infrared Spectroscopy. This volume within 'Advances in Dielectrics' summarizes this knowledge and discusses it with respect to the existing and often competing theoretical concepts.

This is the first book devoted to the use of X-ray beam techniques to study magnetic properties of materials. It covers both experimental and theoretical issues. The three main topics are dichroism, elastic scattering (both non-resonant and resonant diffraction) and spectroscopy. In the past decade there has been an expansion of activity in the field, driven by the availability of intense, tuneable and highly polarized X-ray beams from synchrtron facilities. The pace of events is likely to continue with the start of new (3rd generation) facilities, including the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Grenoble, and the Advanced Light Source, Argonne National Laboratory. USA.