Presents chemical state imaging methods useful on distance scales ranging from individual atoms to millimeters. This work is intended for chemists familiar with modern spectroscopies, but includes tutorial material on basic imaging processes for those with little background in the field.

Over recent years electronic spectroscopy has developed significantly, with key applications in atmospheric chemistry, astrophysics and astrochemistry. High Resolution Electronic Spectroscopy of Small Molecules explores both theoretical and experimental approaches to understanding the electronic spectra of small molecules, and explains how this information translates to practice. Professors Geoffrey Duxbury and Alexander Alijah present the links between spectroscopy and photochemistry, and discuss theoretical treatments of the interaction between different electronic states. They provide a thorough discussion of experimental techniques, and explore practical applications. This book will be an indispensable reference for graduate students and researchers in physics and chemistry working on theoretical and practical aspects of electronic spectra, as well as atmospheric scientists, photochemists, kineticists and professional spectroscopists.

Photon-in-photon-out core level spectroscopy is an emerging approach to characterize the electronic structure of catalysts and enzymes, and it is either installed or planned for intense synchrotron beam lines and X-ray free electron lasers. This type of spectroscopy requires high-energy resolution spectroscopy not only for the incoming X-ray beam but also, in most applications, for the detection of the outgoing photons. Thus, the use of high-resolution X-ray crystal spectrometers whose resolving power E/E is typically about 10-4, is mandatory. High-Resolution XAS/XES: Analyzing Electronic Structures of Catalysts covers the latest developments in X-ray light sources, detectors, crystal spectrometers, and photon-in-photon-out core level spectroscopy techniques. It also addresses photon-in-photon-out core level spectroscopy applications for the study of catalytic systems, highlighting hard X-ray measurements primarily due to probe high penetration, enabling in situ studies. This first-of-its-kind book: Discusses high-resolution X-ray emission spectroscopy (XES) and X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) in terms of time-resolved and surface enhancement Supplies an understanding of catalytic reactivity essential for capitalizing on core level X-ray spectroscopy at fourth-generation light sources (XFELs) Describes all spectrometers developed to perform core level X-ray spectroscopy, considering the advantages and disadvantages of each Details methods to elucidate aspects of catalysts under working conditions, such as active sites and molecule adsorption Introduces theoretical calculations of spectra and explores biological as well as heterogeneous catalysts Complete with guidelines and warnings for the use of this type of spectroscopy, High-Resolution XAS/XES: Analyzing Electronic Structures of Catalysts provides a comprehensive overview of the current state of this exciting field.

This quick-reference guide contains over 400 Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectra of commonly used pesticides and related metabolites. Systematically arranged for easy referral, the book: supplies relevant chemical, physical and structural data, in addition to the spectra; compares the improved quality of spectra performed on Fourier transform instruments, in terms of signal-to-noise ratio and optical resolution, to those recorded on dispersive spectrometers; and promotes Good Laborotory Practices (GLP) and Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP) by applying infrared spectroscopy to identify control of standards prior to performing qualitative and quantitative analyses.

The analytical power of ion mobility spectrometry-mass spectrometry (IMS-MS) instruments is poised to advance this technology from research to analytical laboratories. Exploring these developments at this critical juncture, Ion Mobility Spectrometry-Mass Spectrometry: Theory and Applications covers the tools, techniques, and applications involved when molecular size and shape information is combined with the well-known analytical advantages of high-performance mass spectrometry. One of the Most Exciting Developments in Contemporary Mass Spectrometry After presenting an overview chapter and the fundamentals, the book focuses on instrumentation and ionization sources. It describes an ion-mobility-capable quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometer, the differential mobility analyzer, a cryogenic-temperature ion mobility mass spectrometer, the atmospheric solids analysis probe method, and laserspray ionization. In the final applications-oriented chapters, the contributors explore how homebuilt and commercial instruments using electrospray ionization and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) methods are employed to solve biological and synthetic issues. Harness the Power of IMS-MS for Analyzing Complex Substances This work helps readers unfamiliar with IMS-MS to understand its fundamental theory and practical applications. It also encourages them to investigate the potential analytical uses of IMS-MS and further explore the power of this method. Numerous color figures are included on downloadable resources.

Offers coverage of internal reflection spectroscopy (IRS) and its applications to polymer, semiconductor, biological, electrochemical and membrane research. This work describes the theory and procedures and identifies the spectral regions, from materials characterization to process monitoring.

The only comprehensive guide to CIMS applications in structural elucidation and analytical studies

Chemical Ionization Mass Spectrometry, 2nd Edition, provides a comprehensive, up-to-date review of CIMS applications in structural elucidation and quantitative analytical studies. For the benefit of readers without a background in gaseous ion chemistry, a thorough review is presented in Chapter 2. Other chapters discuss such topics as reagent ion systems within the context of the thermochemistry and kinetics of the ionization process, including reactions and the type of information obtained; isotopic exchange reactions; stereochemical effects in chemical ionization; and reactive ion/molecule collisions in quadrupole cells. Chemical ionization mass spectra of 13 classes of compounds are discussed in detail to illustrate the influence of different functional groups on the spectra observed.

Chemical Ionization Mass Spectrometry, 2nd Edition will be a valuable reference for anyone interested in mass spectrometry and gaseous ion chemistry in general.

Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is one of the most powerful and widely used techniques in chemical research for investigating structures and dynamics of molecules. Advanced methods can even be utilized for structure determinations of biopolymers, for example proteins or nucleic acids. NMR is also used in medicine for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The method is based on spectral lines of different atomic nuclei that are excited when a strong magnetic field and a radiofrequency transmitter are applied. The method is very sensitive to the features of molecular structure because also the neighboring atoms influence the signals from individual nuclei and this is
important for determining the 3D-structure of molecules.
This new edition of the popular classic has a clear style and a highly practical, mostly non-mathematical approach. Many examples are taken from organic and organometallic chemistry, making this book an invaluable guide to undergraduate and graduate students of organic chemistry, biochemistry, spectroscopy or physical chemistry, and to researchers using this well-established and extremely important technique. Problems and solutions are included.

Since the turn of the twenty-first century, applications of ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) have diversified, expanding their utility in the military and security spheres and entering the realms of clinical practice and pharmaceutical exploration. Updated and expanded, the third edition of Ion Mobility Spectrometry begins with a comprehensive discussion of the fundamental theory and practice of IMS. Divided into four sections-Overview, Technology, Fundamentals, and Applications-the authors treat innovations and advances in all aspects of IMS in a fresh, thorough, and revised format. Features: Introduces the definitions, theory, and practice of IMS and summarizes its history from the beginnings of the study of ions to present commercial and scholarly activities Presents the technology of IMS from a measurement perspective-covering inlet through ion formation, ion injection, electric fields, drift tube structures, and detectors Covers the end results of measurement, the mobility spectrum, and the transformative trend of ion mobility: mass spectrometry Discusses the influence on the experimental parameters on the mobility of ions Mobility-based methods are no longer restricted to volatile substances and indeed the many benefits of this technology-simplicity, convenience, and the low cost of technology-have become recognized as meritorious in a wide range of uses. This is also true for the advantages of measurements-high speed, distinctive spectral features, and operation in ambient pressure with thermalized ions. Ion Mobility Spectrometry, Third Edition serves specialists in the field of IMS who are interested in the potential of recent developments and researchers, engineers, and students who want a comprehensive overview of this technology.

This book provides a comprehensive review of the application of 17O NMR spectroscopy to organic chemistry. Topics include the theoretical aspects of chemical shift, quadrupolar and J coupling; 17O enrichment; the effect of steric interactions on 17O chemical shifts of functional groups in flexible and rigid systems; the application of 17O NMR spectroscopy to hydrogen bonding investigations; mechanistic problems in organic and bioorganic chemistry; and 17O NMR spectroscopy of oxygen monocoordinated to carbon in alcohols, ethers, and derivatives. Recent results that show correlations between molecular geometry, determined by X-ray studies and estimated by molecular mechanics calculations, and 17O chemical shifts are also covered. 17O Spectroscopy in Organic Chemistry provides important reference information for organic chemists and other scientists interested in 17O NMR spectroscopy as a tool for obtaining new structural and chemical data about organic molecules.

Conjugated polymeric materials and their nanocomposites are widely used for the creation of alternative sources of renewable energy, cell phone screens, mobile gadgets, video players and OLED-TV, as well as organic diodes, transistors, sensors, etc. with field-dependent and spin-assisted electronic properties. Multifrequency EPR Spectroscopy methods can help researchers optimize their structural, magnetic and electronic properties for the creation of more efficient molecular devices. This book will acquaint the reader with the basic properties of conjugated polymers, the fundamentals of EPR Spectroscopy, and the information that can be obtained at different wavebands of EPR spectroscopy.

This book is intended to serve as an up-to-date reference source for those familiar with chromatography/Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) methods and as an introduction to techniques and applications for those interested in future uses for chromatography/FT-IR.

Laser spectroscopy has been perfected over the last fifteen years to become a precise tool for the investigation of highly vibrationally excited molecules. Intense infrared laser radiation permits both the multiple-photon resonant excitation and the dissociation of polyatomic molecules. In this book, the latest results of some of the foremost Soviet researchers are published for the first time in the West.
Laser Spectroscopy of Highly Vibrationally Excited Molecules contains a comprehensive study of both the experimental and theoretical aspects of the basic photophysical interactions that occur in these processes. The book first focuses on the nonlinear interaction between the resonant vibrational mode and the intense infrared field and then examines the nonlinear interaction between the vibrational modes themselves due to anharmonicity. These interrelated processes determine all the characteristics of polyatomic molecules in an infrared field. The book also discusses related phenomena such as spectra broadening, optical resonance, photon echoes, and dynamical chaos. It includes examples of multiple-photon resonant excitation such as the excitation of OsO4 by CO DEGREESO2 laser radiation, which is detected by the visible luminescence that results.
This book will be of great interest to researchers and postgraduate students in infrared laser spectroscopy and the laser chemistry of molecules and applications of isotope separation.

This work discusses the origins and development of SFC, the instrumentation that has been used and the technique's growth from the related methodologies of GLC and HPLC. It also covers in more detail the ways in which the separation in SFC can be altered to increase selectivity, compares the roles of packed and capillary columns and covers the coupling of SFC to mass spectrometry. SFC is a rapidly expanding analytical technique which will have great impact on analytical procedures in the petroleum, pharmaceutical, food, agrochemical and biotechnology industries. The RSC Chromatography Monographs series aims to cover all aspects, techniques and applications and will include GLC, HPLC, TLC, SFC, affinity chromatography and counter-current chromatography. It is intended for use by the individual practising chromatography on a day-to-day basis in the laboratory.

The various forms of microscopy and related microanalytical techniques are making unique contributions to semiconductor research and development that underpin many important areas of microelectronics technology. Microscopy of Semiconducting Materials 1987 highlights the progress that is being made in semiconductor microscopy, primarily in electron probe methods as well as in light optical and ion scattering techniques. The book covers the state of the art, with sections on high resolution microscopy, epitaxial layers, quantum wells and superlattices, bulk gallium arsenide and other compounds, properties of dislocations, device silicon and dielectric structures, silicides and contacts, device testing, x-ray techniques, microanalysis, and advanced scanning microscopy techniques. Contributed by numerous international experts, this volume will be an indispensable guide to recent developments in semiconductor microscopy for all those who work in the field of semiconducting materials and research development.

Concepts in Projection-Reconstruction, by Ray Freeman and riks Kup e.- Automated Projection Spectroscopy and Its Applications, by Sebastian Hiller and Gerhard Wider.- Data Sampling in Multidimensional NMR: Fundamentals and Strategies, by Mark W. Maciejewski, Mehdi Mobli, Adam D. Schuyler, Alan S. Stern and Jeffrey C. Hoch.- Generalized Fourier Transform for Non-Uniform Sampled Data, by Krzysztof Kazimierczuk, Maria Misiak, Jan Stanek, Anna Zawadzka-Kazimierczuk and Wiktor Ko mi ski.- Applications of Non-Uniform Sampling and Processing, by Sven G. Hyberts, Haribabu Arthanari and Gerhard Wagner"

This volume provides a wide range of imaging protocols that can be tailored to specific organisms or cell-types. Chapters guide readers through fixed-cell, live-cell, phenotype screening, super-resolution, intravital imaging techniques, and fluorescence life-time imaging microscopy (FLIM). Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and cutting-edge, Confocal Microscopy: Methods and Protocols aims to ensure successful results in the further study of this vital field.

This work focuses on complementary crystallographic and spectroscopic areas of dynamic structural science, from papers presented at the 46th NATO sponsored course in Erice, Sicily 2013. These papers cover a range of material from background concepts to more advanced material and represent a fully inter-disciplinary collection of the latest ideas and results within the field. They will appeal to practising or novice crystallographers, both chemical and biological, who wish to learn more about modern spectroscopic methods and convergent advances and hence vice versa for experimental and computational spectroscopists.The chapters refer to the latest techniques, software and results and each chapter is fully referenced. The volume provides an excellent starting point for new comers in the emerging, multi-disciplinary area of time resolved science."

This volume contains invited and contributed papers at the conference on Microscopy of Semiconducting Materials which took place on 21-23 March 1983 in St Cathernine's College, Oxford. The conference was the third in the series devoted to advances in microscopical studies of semiconductors.

This book will fulfill the needs of time-domain spectroscopists who wish to deepen their understanding of both the theoretical and experimental features of this cutting-edge spectroscopy technique. Coherent Multidimensional Spectroscopy (CMDS) is a state-of-the-art technique with applications in a variety of subjects like chemistry, molecular physics, biochemistry, biophysics, and material science. Due to dramatic advancements of ultrafast laser technologies, diverse multidimensional spectroscopic methods utilizing combinations of THz, IR, visible, UV, and X-ray radiation sources have been developed and used to study real time dynamics of small molecules in solutions, proteins and nucleic acids in condensed phases and membranes, single and multiple excitons in functional materials like semiconductors, quantum dots, and solar cells, photo-excited states in light-harvesting complexes, ions in battery electrolytes, electronic and conformational changes in charge or proton transfer systems, and excess electrons and protons in water and biological systems.

Mass Spectrometry-Based Metabolomics: A Practical Guide is a simple, step-by-step reference for profiling metabolites in a target organism. It discusses optimization of sample preparation for urine, serum, blood, tissue, food, and plant and animal cell samples. Encompassing three different technical fields-biology, analytical chemistry, and informatics- mass spectrometry-based metabolomics can be challenging for biologists without special training in quantitative mass spectrometry. This book is designed to overcome this limitation by providing researchers with the knowledge they need to use metabolomics technology in their respective disciplines. The book summarizes all steps in metabolomics research, from experimental design to sample preparation, analytical procedures, and data analysis. Case studies are presented for easy understanding of the metabolomics workflow and its practical applications in different research fields. The book includes an in-house library and built-in software so that those new to the field can begin to analyze real data samples. In addition to being an excellent introductory text, the book also contains the latest advancements in this emerging field and can thus be a useful reference for metabolomics specialists.

This book is loosely based on a Multidisciplinary University Research Initiative (MURI) project and a few supplemental projects sponsored by the Of?ce of Naval Research (ONR) during the time frame of 2004-2009. The initial technical scope and vision of the MURI project was formulated by Drs. Larry Cooper and Joel Davis, both program of?cers at ONR at the time. The unifying theme of this MURI project and its companionefforts is the concept of cellular nonlinear/neuralnetwork (CNN) technology and its various extensions and chip implementations, including nanoscale sensors and the broadening ?eld of cellular wave computing. In recent years, CNN-based vision system drew much attention from vision scientists to device technologists and computer architects. Due to its early - plementation in a two-dimensional (2D) topography, it found success in early vision technologyapplications, such as focal-plane arrays, locally adaptable sensor/ processor integration, resulting in extremely high frame rates of 10,000 frames per second. More recently it drew increasing attention from computer architects, due to its intrinsic local interconnect architecture and parallel processing paradigm. As a result, a few spin-off companies have already been successful in bringing cel- lar wave computing and CNN technology to the market. This book aims to capture some of the recent advances in the ?eld of CNN research and a few select areas of applications.

This book comprises seventeen independent essays on little remembered chemists whose contributions have had significant impact on chemistry and society. Among these chemists, readers will find names such as Alexander Borodin and Sir William Crookes, whose fame is known but not their chemistry. In the remaining fifteen essays readers will discover about less well-known chemists such as Frederick Accum, John Mercer and Ellen Swallow Richards. Each essay is complete in itself with selection made without regard to the area of chemistry involved, and they appear alphabetically by the family name of individual. This collection of essays consists of selections from the series originally published quarterly as Some Unremembered Chemists in the New Zealand Institute of Chemistry in-house journal, Chemistry in New Zealand (2013-2018). They are abstracted, edited and abbreviated slightly, and appear with the permission of the copyright holder.

Impedance Spectroscopy is a powerful measurement method used in many application fields such as electrochemistry, material science, biology and medicine, semiconductor industry and sensors. Using the complex impedance at various frequencies increases the informational basis that can be gained during a measurement. It helps to separate different effects that contribute to a measurement and, together with advanced mathematical methods, non-accessible quantities can be calculated. This book is the fourth in the series Lecture Notes on Impedance Spectroscopy (LNIS). The series covers new advances in the field of impedance spectroscopy including fundamentals, methods and applications. It releases scientific contributions from the International Workshop on Impedance Spectroscopy (IWIS) as extended chapters including detailed information about recent scientific research results. This book is of interest to graduated students, engineers, researchers and specialists dealing with impedance spectroscopy. It includes fundamentals of impedance spectroscopy as well as specific theoretical and practical aspects from many applications in various fields.

Combines clear and concise discussions of key NMR concepts with succinct and illustrative examples Designed to cover a full course in Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) Spectroscopy, this text offers complete coverage of classic (one-dimensional) NMR as well as up-to-date coverage of two-dimensional NMR and other modern methods. It contains practical advice, theory, illustrated applications, and classroom-tested problems; looks at such important ideas as relaxation, NOEs, phase cycling, and processing parameters; and provides brief, yet fully comprehensible, examples. It also uniquely lists all of the general parameters for many experiments including mixing times, number of scans, relaxation times, and more. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy: An Introduction to Principles, Applications, and Experimental Methods, 2nd Edition begins by introducing readers to NMR spectroscopy - an analytical technique used in modern chemistry, biochemistry, and biology that allows identification and characterization of organic, and some inorganic, compounds. It offers chapters covering: Experimental Methods; The Chemical Shift; The Coupling Constant; Further Topics in One-Dimensional NMR Spectroscopy; Two-Dimensional NMR Spectroscopy; Advanced Experimental Methods; and Structural Elucidation. Features classical analysis of chemical shifts and coupling constants for both protons and other nuclei, as well as modern multi-pulse and multi-dimensional methods Contains experimental procedures and practical advice relative to the execution of NMR experiments Includes a chapter-long, worked-out problem that illustrates the application of nearly all current methods Offers appendices containing the theoretical basis of NMR, including the most modern approach that uses product operators and coherence-level diagrams By offering a balance between volumes aimed at NMR specialists and the structure-determination-only books that focus on synthetic organic chemists, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy: An Introduction to Principles, Applications, and Experimental Methods, 2nd Edition is an excellent text for students and post-graduate students working in analytical and bio-sciences, as well as scientists who use NMR spectroscopy as a primary tool in their work.