Tobacco smoking is considered the big killer and one of the most avoidable risk factors for many human pathologies. Reducing and controlling tobacco smoking should be a primary aim for a certain population, in order to reduce harms to health caused by this important risk factor, and it seems urgent to adopt intervention tools involved in responsibility fields such as health care, education, politics, economy and media. Among health professionals the prevalence of tobacco smoke is extremely high, more than other professional categories, and this could be partly attributed to a low weight that tobacco smoking has in the medical curriculum of future physicians, that will contribute in a determinant way to healthy choices of their patients. In order to realise that, the medical students need to be adequately trained with the aim of acquire competences and skills that help patients to prevent tobacco smoking and to increase smoking cessation, through a programme oriented to specific issue related to the potential harm of tobacco products. A survey conducted by Ferry et al. in the American Schools of Medicine underlined the lack of courses related to tobacco smoking. Moreover, a randomised trial carried out by Cummings et al., the Schools of Medicine result as the ideal setting to teach smoking cessation techniques to health professionals. The National Cancer Institute in 1992 recommended that primary and secondary prevention interventions on tobacco smoking will become mandatory in the curriculum of Medical USA students. However, until now this recommendation still is far from being fully implemented. The aim of the book is to give an overview on the epidemiology of tobacco smoking among different settings and populations, but with a special focus on health professionals and medicals students, and to show available examples of smoking prevention and cessation training in different settings.

Drug addiction remains one of the most important public health problems in western societies and is a rising concern for developing nations. Over the past 3 decades, experimental research on the neurobiology and psychology of drug addiction has generated a torrent of exciting data, from the molecular up to the behavioral levels. As a result, a new and pressing challenge for addiction research is to formulate a synthetic theoretical framework that goes well beyond mere scientific eclectism to deepen our understanding of drug addiction and to foster our capacity to prevent and to cure drug addiction. Intrigued by the apparent irrational behavior of drug addicts, researchers from a wide range of scientific disciplines have formulated a plethora of theoretical schemes over the years to understand addiction. However, most of these theories and models are qualitative in nature and are formulated using terms that are often ill-defined. As a result, the empirical validity of these models has been difficult to test rigorously, which has served to generate more controversy than clarity. In this context, as in other scientific fields, mathematical and computational modeling should contribute to the development of more testable and rigorous models of addiction.

Multistep Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Eating Disorders: Theory, Practice, and Clinical Cases describes a novel model of cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) for eating disorders called multistep CBT-E (Enhanched). The treatment, derived from the transdiagnostic cognitive behavior theory of eating disorders, extends the range of applicability of standard CBT-E. It is designed to be applicable to three different levels of care (outpatient, intensive outpatient, inpatient), and to eating disorder patients of all diagnostic categories, ages, and BMI categories. Distinguishing multistep CBT-E is the adoption of a multi-step approach conducted by a multidisciplinary CBT-E team including psychologists, dietitians, and physicians, the inclusion of a family module for patients under eighteen years old, and the use of assisted eating and group sessions, in adjunct to individual psychotherapy in the intensive levels of care. The first eight chapters provide an overview of eating disorders, the cognitive behavior theory of eating disorders, how to build a CBT-E multidisciplinary team, how patients are assessed and prepared for the treatment, the general organization, procedures, and strategies involved in the three steps of multistep CBT-E treatment, and how multistep CBT-E can be adapted for adolescents. In order to highlight the flexibility of the multistep CBT-E approach, Section Two of the book provides a detailed description of three treated clinical cases. The first case illustrates how outpatient CBT-E was adapted to treat a professional sportswoman affected by an eating disorder; the second describes the procedures and strategies applied in intensive outpatient CBT-E to treat a patient who did not improve with standard outpatient CBT-E; and the third case illustrates the procedures and strategies typically applied in inpatient CBT-E and shows how it can be used to help a patient with a longstanding eating disorder who has failed to respond to several outpatient treatments. Each chapter gives a general description of the case in question and details the main procedures, strategies, and tools used from the assessment stage through to discharge. In addition, abridged transcripts of relevant clinical sessions are included, to give interesting insight into the practical implementation of multistep CBT-E, and the outcomes at the end of the treatment and follow-up are reported.

A lively dictionary of topics related to slumber designed to help people help themselves by improving their sleep and, therefore, their health and happiness. The Story of Sleep is a lively annotated dictionary of topics related to slumber, designed to help people help themselves get a better night's rest and improve their overall physical and mental health. Incorporating up-to-date data, each entry reflects the fact that the world-in-general has changed and new sleep technologies have been developed over the past few years. Sleep expert Daniel Barone and writer Lawrence Armour provide the perfect format for those readers who crave a quick and ready reference for achieving better sleep habits and a sounder slumber every night. Building on the success of their book Let's Talk About Sleep, Barone and Armour offer this complementary and essential guide.

In the last 15 years, the prison population in the U.S. increased by more than 188 percent. The increase has been fueled largely by increases in the number of individuals convicted of drug-related offenses. These offenders constitute a disproportionate number of recidivists who, in turn, are responsible for a relatively large proportion of criminal activity in our society. The vast majority of these offenders were arrested for committing violent crimes, and most of the offenders are poor, unemployed, uneducated, come from dysfunctional families, and are African-American. Contrary to public opinion, many of these offenders are tired of their "revolving door" relationship with the police, courts, and correctional institutions. However, without appropriate social and therapeutic support, there is little hope of altering their behavior. This volume seeks to address specific issues relevant to prisons in America and includes contributions by practitioners in the field of prison-based drug treatment and therapy programs. The work is an important contribution to the literature examining the extent to which rehabilitation (i.e., prison-based drug treatment programs) has effectively reduced recidivism, drug relapse, and violent crime in our society.

A review of the literature pertaining to the neurobehavioral pharmacology of abusable drugs, this is the only book to survey each of the eleven classes of addictive drugs from the perspectives of neurological, behavioral, and clinical pharmacology. Designed to serve as a companion text to the DSM-IV manual, the Handbook provides comprehensive information about each drug and drug class having abuse potential with respect to their pharmaceutical mechanisms and actions.

Here is the first major work that examines the benefits of applying social understanding to addiction. The author demonstrates how a social perspective shifts the paradigm from viewing a person in terms of "particles" to viewing a person in terms of relationships. This reorientation creates promising new opportunities for intervention. The book discusses recent advances in theories on community capacity building, resilience, and social ecology alongside their practical applications. Written in an engaging style, the book features numerous vignettes, key points, and illustrations that help you apply the material in your own practice.

Chronic alcohol use is associated with heart, liver, brain, and other organ pathology. Alcohol is a drug of abuse and a caloric food and it causes poor intake and absorption of nutrients, thus playing a major role in many aspects of clinical consequences. Alcohol use lowers consumption of fruit and vegetables, lowers tissue nutrients, and, in some cases, requires nutritional therapy by clinicians."Alcohol, Nutrition, and Health Consequences"will help the clinician define the causes and types of nutritional changes due to alcohol use and also explain how nutrition can be used to ameliorate its consequences. Chapters present the application of current nutritional knowledge by physicians and dietitians. Specific areas involving alcohol-related damage due to nutritional changes are reviewed, including heart disease, obesity, digestive tract cancers, lactation, brain function, and liver disease. In addition, alcohol's effects on absorption of minerals and nutrients, a key role in causing damage are treated. The importance of diet in modifying alcohol and its metabolite damage is also explained.

"Alcohol, Nutrition, and Health Consequences"is essential reading for alcohol therapists and researchers as well as primary care physicians and dietitians and is an easy reference to help the clinician, student, and dietitian comprehend the complex changes caused by direct and indirect effects of ethanol at the cellular level via its nutritional modification. "

In the World Library of Psychologists series, international experts present career-long collections of what they judge to be their finest pieces - extracts from books, key articles, salient research findings, and their major practical theoretical contributions. In this volume: Overweight and obesity rates have increased dramatically in most industrialized countries, even though more and more people are chronically dieting. Dieters can manage to lose substantial amounts of weight while actively dieting, but most regain it within a few years. So why do most chronic dieters have such difficulty controlling their weight and why is there only a small minority of successful dieters? To address these questions, Stroebe developed the goal conflict model of eating behavior, a social cognitive theory that attributes the difficulty of chronic dieters to a conflict between two incompatible goals: eating enjoyment and weight control. Although chronic dieters are motivated to pursue their weight control goal, most fail in food-rich environments: Surrounded by palatable food cues that activate thoughts of eating enjoyment, incompatible weight control thoughts are inhibited and weight control intentions are "forgotten". For successful dieters - probably due to past success in exerting self-control - tasty high-calorie food has become associated with weight control thoughts. For them, exposure to palatable food makes weight control thoughts more accessible, enabling them to control their body weight in food-rich environments. This book contains the key articles of a research program by Stroebe and collaborators to assess the validity of this theory. They succeeded in tracing the processes that lead from temptation to a breakdown of dieting intentions. They also demonstrated that these theoretical principles can be used to develop effective weight loss interventions. The book should be of value for all researcgers, students and clinicians involved in obesity research and treatment.

Alcohol and its consumption is a major topic for public policy-making. Growing awareness of alcohol-related health problems among the general public has led to high levels of interest in alcohol consumption and its impact on society. This innovative collection of new perspectives on this critically important issue is informed by a leading group of international social scientists. Topics covered include alcoholism, the family, minimum pricing, paternalistic controls, and Socially Responsible Investment programs. Together, these essays reveal illuminating new insights into how public policy might be improved. This book was originally published as a special issue of Contemporary Social Science.

A reference guide that answers the questions people have about addiction and addictive behaviors of all kinds, including drugs, alcohol, gambling, sex, Internet usage, and more. Addiction: A Reference Encyclopedia offers straight talk and clear answers on a topic often sensationalized in the media and politicized during campaigns. Drawing from a wide variety of sources, it provides readers with a concise yet thorough review of what we know about all kinds of addictive behavior. Addiction surveys both the science of addiction and its history in the United States with two main sections: a narrative of the history of addiction as a scientific and public policy issue in the United States followed by a series of alphabetically organized entries focused on organizations, individuals, and events that have impacted our thinking about addiction. Much of the work focuses on substance abuse-alcohol, tobacco, opiates, cocaine-but the book also examines behaviors that have only recently been recognized as potentially addictive, including gambling, sexual activity, Internet usage, and more. Comprises 127 A-Z entries on major individuals, concepts, laws, organizations, and events in the history of addiction in the United States 17 primary source documents highlight major ideas and developments in the history of addiction in the United States Offers suggestions for further reading for readers interested in learning more about the topics examined in the encyclopedia

Is abstinence necessary? What is the role of hypnosis? What is the pink cloud? This encyclopedic primer, written in an easy question-and-answer format, contains everything a clinician needs to know about substance abuse and addiction. Dr. Jerome David Levin outlines the treatment of chemical and other addictions such as compulsive gambling, compulsive sexuality, and codependency. He covers the full complexity of substance abuse diagnosis and treatment with a biopsychosocial approach and multimodal interventions, ranging from detoxification and rehabilitation programs to cognitive and behavioral treatments, self-help groups, and individual and family therapy. A clear, comprehensive book that presents an integrated picture of a complex phenomenon, this primer can be profitably read either straight through or as a reference text.

Market: Those interested in speech, especially speech production, and graduate students studying the anatomy and physiology of speech. Katherine Safford Harris is known throughout the speech research community for her contributions to our understanding of speech behaviors and her leadership at Haskins Laboratories. Her research has shown how the study of speech disorders can provide a window through which we can observe normal behaviors and learn much about the control systems of speech production. In recognition of this work, each section of this book contains chapters on normal speech production as well as speech disorders. These original contributed chapters cover a wide range of subjects, including respiratory patterns in normal speech, speech breathing processes in hearing-impaired persons, laryngeal adductory behaviors, spasmodic dysphonia, tongue shaping and vowel articulation, speech production in children with cochlear implants, and more.

RNA Interference: Challenges and Therapeutic Opportunities provides readers with recent advances in siRNA design, delivery, targeting and methods to minimize siRNA's unwanted effects. Preclinical and clinical use of synthetic siRNAs, the roles of miRNAs in cancer and the promise of extracellular miRNAs for diagnosis are also covered in this meticulous collection, along with novel methods for identifying endogenous siRNAs and the annotation of small RNA transcriptomes. Written for the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series, chapters include the kind of detail and key implementation advice that ensures successful results in the laboratory. Comprehensive and cutting-edge, RNA Interference: Challenges and Therapeutic Opportunities will aid researchers, clinicians, teachers and biotechnologists interested in the power of RNA-based therapies.

This is the tenth volume in the Research Advances series and the seventh published by Plenum Press. Volume 10 is another omnibus volume, providing specialized and advanced reviews in a number of areas related to the use of alcohol, illicit drugs, and tobacco. We include also a brief history of the Center for Alcohol Studies that gives Mark Keller's unique perspective on this noted institution. Two of the chapters are decidedly longer than the others-very long chapters have appeared occasionally in the past, and we think that it is one of the strengths of the series that we are able to accommodate such reviews. Again the editorial board has changed. After several years of service, Reginald G. Smart has stepped down. New to the board are Helen M. Annis, Michael S. Goodstadt, Lynn T. Kozlowski, and Evelyn R. Vingilis. This is likely to be the sole volume for which Goodstadt is on the board, since before completion of this volume he moved from the Addiction Research Foundation to the Center for Alcohol Studies, Rutgers University.

This, the third edition of Berta Bobath's classic work, shows the continuation and development of treatment, while the underlying concept on which treatment was based has not changed. However, the emphasis on treatment is now more on the patient's active participation in partnership with the therapist in the holistic approach to the patient's individual problems. Moreover, treatment is no longer confined to academic exercises divorced from daily life, but makes use of familiar daily items, for example beds, tables, chairs, walls and stairs so that the patient can apply the treatment 'sessions' to daily activities. Berta Bobath has introduced some 25 per cent of new material consisting of the nature of the handicap, neurophysiological considerations, normal automatic postural reactions and abnormal postural reflex activity. In addition to the new artwork included, most of the existing artwork has been replaced. All the remaining sections have been considerably revised, updated and expanded. This new edition enables both therapy students and their teachers to increase their awareness of the problems and needs of individual patients and so increase their ability to provide the greatest possible assistance.

The last two decades have seen prodigious growth in the application of brain imaging methods to questions of substance abuse and addiction. Despite considerable advances in our understanding of the central effects of drugs provided by preclinical data, relatively little direct evidence was known of how substances of abuse affect the brain and other eNS processes in humans. Brain imaging techniques have allowed access to the human brain and enabled the asking of questions never before imagined. The positron emission tomography (PET) data ofVolkow and her colleagues in the late 1980s, showing the uptake and time course of cocaine's binding in the human brain, revealed for the first time the distinct sites of action of this drug. This work was extremely important because it showed clearly, through imaging a drug in the brain of a living human, that the time course of its action paralleled the behavioral state of "high. " This study marked a turning point in our understanding of drug-brain-behav ior interactions in humans. Many more investigations of drug effects on the structure and function of the human brain were soon to follow, leading to much better insights into brain systems. Brain imaging allowed for the direct assessment of structural and functional anatomy, biology, and chemistry in substance abusers.

In Practicing Prodependence: The Clinical Alternative to Codependency Treatment, Drs. Weiss and Buck present a new social and psychological model of human interdependence-focused treatment for families and loved ones of addicts. Unlike Codependence, Prodependence celebrates the human need for and pursuit of intimate connection, viewing this as a positive force for change. This strength and attachment-based model is focused on accepting and celebrating human connection in ways that are healthy and life affirming for each person - even in the face of addiction. In this way, Prodependence presents a new paradigm through which loved ones can learn to love more effectively, without bearing shame or judgment for the valuable help they give. This book will assist counselors, therapists, and addiction professionals in improving the ways they treat loved ones of addicts and other troubled people, teaching readers how to offer clients more dignity for their suffering than blame for the problem.

This well-written text thoroughly addresses two quality of life issues in patients with a variety of neurological disorders: sexual and reproductive function. The de vasta stating effects of a variety of neurological diseases are well known to both the lay and medical communitIes, and are treated in numerous texts. However, as we continue to experience therapeutic breakthroughs in the tields of neurology and rehabilitation medicine, physicians and patients must become more aware of the issues discussed in this text. It is particularly important, as emphasized throughout the chapters, that the physician or therapist initiate conversations with the patients concerning both the possibility of parenting a child, as well as the ability of the patient to enhance his/her sexual functioning. Commonly in the patient who is otherwise perfectly normal, there is a reluctance to discuss these topics and couples often feel embarrassed to initiate a conversation with their physi cians. This reluctance to initiate a discussion is even more apparent in patients with a variety of neurological disorders, in which there are overriding fears concerning both function and survival, as well as deep concerns about their own attractiveness, and their sexual and repro ductive ability."

Language and Literacy Connections: Intervention for School-Age Children and Adolescents takes readers on a path of knowledge steeped in principles and practical applications. This much-needed new text uniquely integrates language learning and disorders and literacy together in a coherent and cohesive narrative that covers the challenges facing school-age students from early elementary levels through high school. Using past and current research and interventions from speech-language pathology (SLP) and reading and literacy arenas, the authors present transcripts, cases, and detailed intervention sessions to provide a template for daily practice. The text raises questions relating to "why am I doing this?" and provides some answers to this most complex, yet basic, question. Language and Literacy Connections: Uses strong theoretical foundations with detailed applications to real-life situations and practices Highlights the different levels of literacy, from foundational to disciplinary, that underpin current thinking Includes three major sections that build upon one another as the authors navigate through: (1) conceptual frameworks to their (2) practical applications across discourse intervention and individual language components and (3) service delivery models Addresses the role of comprehension in auditory processing and classroom difficulties Compares effective and less effective intervention sessions with explanations about why each fall within a category Debunks common myths and practices that have been questionable for decades but that persist in practice Offers innovative suggestions related to providing collaborative service delivery procedures through virtual online platforms through specific lesson plans Answers the question asked by many school-based SLPs: How do I add literacy on top of my responsibilities when my caseloads are so large and demanding? Key Features: Questions at the beginning of each chapter that reflect concerns of SLPs and their teams Projects and assignments that supplement and review the material Examples of teaching modules with practical lesson plans that integrate the role of SLPs in Interprofessional Practices (IPP) while explicitly addressing the curriculum across a variety of subject areas A PluralPlus companion website with videos, case studies, sample forms and reports, and PowerPoint slides for instructors