This book examines three examples of late nineteenth-century Japanese adaptations of Western literature: a biography of Ulysses S. Grant recasting him as a Japanese warrior, a Victorian novel reset as oral performance, and an American melodrama redone as a serialized novel promoting the reform of Japanese theater. Miller argues that adaptation (hon’an ) was a valid form of contemporary Japanese translation that fostered creative appropriation across genres and among a diverse group of writers and artists.

* Emerging area in which we have a number of strong publications. * Edited by an authority in the field and a avid social media user - the contributors also include a number of big names from the field. * Part of our growing series of handbooks on Translation and Interpreting Studies, of which a handful are publishing this year and many more are under contract.

Recent years have seen a rise in the number and variety of interpretational approaches to understanding revelation, including culturalist, sociological, literary, psychoanalytical, historical, political, philosophical, and feminist. But do these approaches all necessarily make sense when applied to religious texts? This is the first book of its kind, offering a sustained philosophical treatment of religious hermeneutics. Jorge Gracia provides a balanced guide to a topic that continues to draw heated debate in philosophy, theology, religion, sociology, history, and literary studies.

Recent years have seen a rise in the number and variety of interpretational approaches to understanding revelation, including culturalist, sociological, literary, psychoanalytical, historical, political, philosophical, and feminist. But do these approaches all necessarily make sense when applied to religious texts? This is the first book of its kind, offering a sustained philosophical treatment of religious hermeneutics. Jorge Gracia provides a balanced guide to a topic that continues to draw heated debate in philosophy, theology, religion, sociology, history, and literary studies.

Machine translation has become increasingly popular, especially with the introduction of neural machine translation in major online translation systems. However, despite the rapid advances in machine translation, the role of a human translator remains crucial. As illustrated by the chapters in this book, man-machine interaction is essential in machine translation, localisation, terminology management, and crowdsourcing translation. In fact, the importance of a human translator before, during, and after machine processing, cannot be overemphasised as human intervention is the best way to ensure the translation quality of machine translation. This volume explores the role of a human translator in machine translation from various perspectives, affording a comprehensive look at this topical research area. This book is essential reading for anyone involved in translation studies, machine translation or interested in translation technology.

From 1970 through to the beginning of the new millennium, the field of translation has exploded with multiple new theories. Contemporary Translation Theories examines five new approaches - the translation workshop, the science of translation, translation studies, polysystem theory, and deconstruction - all of which began in the mid-1960s and continue to be influential.

From 1970 through to the beginning of the new millennium, the field of translation has exploded with multiple new theories. Contemporary Translation Theories examines five new approaches - the translation workshop, the science of translation, translation studies, polysystem theory, and deconstruction - all of which began in the mid-1960s and continue to be influential.

The series serves to propagate investigations into language usage, especially with respect to computational support. This includes all forms of text handling activity, not only interlingual translations, but also conversions carried out in response to different communicative tasks. Among the major topics are problems of text transfer and the interplay between human and machine activities.

The Interpreter's Resource provides a comprehensive overview of interpreting at the start of the twenty first century. As well as explaining the different types of interpreting and their uses, it contains a number of Codes of Ethics, information on Community Interpreting around the world and detailed coverage of international organisations, which employ interpreters.

Douglas Robinson offers the most comprehensive collection of translation theory readings available to date, from the Histories of Herodotus in the mid-fifth century before our era to the end of the nineteenth century. The result is a startling panoply of thinking about translation across the centuries, covering such topics as the best type of translator, problems of translating sacred texts, translation and language teaching, translation as rhetoric, translation and empire, and translation and gender. This pioneering anthology contains 124 texts by 90 authors, 9 of them women. Sixteen texts by 4 authors appear here for the first time in English translation; 17 texts by 9 authors appear in completely new translations. Every entry is provided with a bibliographical headnote and footnotes. Intended for classroom use in History of Translation Theory, History of Rhetoric or History of Western Thought courses, this anthology will also prove useful to scholars of translation and those interested in the intellectual history of the West.

This practical guide by two experienced translators and translation tutors explores aspects of time, context and culture in a range of translated literary texts, including novels, memoirs, poems and plays. Reflective analytical sections are complemented by a variety of practical tasks that reflect the book's craft-based approach. Providing a dual focus on both analysis and creativity, this volume helps readers to develop two different skill sets required for translation: deconstruction and reconstruction. To learn how to analyse or deconstruct a source text (ST), the tasks include translating and editing, comparison and analysis of source language (SL) texts and translations, and critiquing or improving target language (TL) texts produced by translators from different times. A range of creative writing challenges reveal the secrets writers use to hook their readers. Whatever language readers translate into, these insights will help them to find their own writer's voice, making them better equipped to recreate another author's voice, whatever the time or cultural context. This is the essential guide to improving target texts for all translators and students of translation.

Fusing theory with advice and information about the practicalities of translating, Becoming a Translator is the essential resource for novice and practicing translators. The book explains how the market works, helps translators learn how to translate faster and more accurately, as well as providing invaluable advice and tips about how to deal with potential problems, such as stress. The fourth edition has been revised and updated throughout, offering: a whole new chapter on multimedia translation, with a discussion of the move from "intersemiotic translation" to "audiovisual translation," "media access" and "accessibility studies" new sections on cognitive translation studies, translation technology, online translator communities, crowd-sourced translation, and online ethnography "tweetstorms" capturing the best advice from top industry professionals on Twitter student voices, especially from Greater China Including suggestions for discussion, activities, and hints for the teaching of translation, and drawing on detailed advice from top translation professionals, the fourth edition of Becoming a Translator remains invaluable for students and teachers of Translation Studies, as well as those working in the field of translation.

From tech giants to plucky startups, the world is full of companies boasting that they are on their way to replacing human interpreters, but are they right? Interpreters vs Machines offers a solid introduction to recent theory and research on human and machine interpreting, and then invites the reader to explore the future of interpreting. With a foreword by Dr Henry Liu, the 13th International Federation of Translators (FIT) President, and written by consultant interpreter and researcher Jonathan Downie, this book offers a unique combination of research and practical insight into the field of interpreting. Written in an innovative, accessible style with humorous touches and real-life case studies, this book is structured around the metaphor of playing and winning a computer game. It takes interpreters of all experience levels on a journey to better understand their own work, learn how computers attempt to interpret and explore possible futures for human interpreters. With five levels and split into 14 chapters, Interpreters vs Machines is key reading for all professional interpreters as well as students and researchers of Interpreting and Translation Studies, and those with an interest in machine interpreting.

Routledge Interpreting Guides cover the key settings or domains of interpreting and equip trainee interpreters and students of interpreting with the skills needed in each area of the field. Concise, accessible and written by leading authorities, they include examples from existing interpreting practice, activities, further reading suggestions and a glossary of key terms. Drawing on recent peer-reviewed research in interpreting studies and related disciplines, Dialogue Interpreting helps practising interpreters, students and instructors of interpreting to navigate their way through what is fast becoming the very expansive field of dialogue interpreting in more traditional domains, such as legal and medical, and in areas where new needs of language brokerage are only beginning to be identified, such as asylum, education, social care and faith. Innovative in its approach, this guide places emphasis on collaborative dimensions in the wider institutional and organizational setting in each of the domains covered, and on understanding services in the context of local communities. The authors propose solutions to real-life problems based on knowledge of domain-specific practices and protocols, as well as inviting discussion on existing standards of practice for interpreters. Key features include: contextualized examples and case studies reinforced by voices from the field, such as the views of managers of language services and the publications of professional associations. These allow readers to evaluate appropriate responses in relation to their particular geo-national contexts of practice and personal experience activities to support the structured development of research skills, interpreter performance and team-work. These can be used either in-class or as self-guided or collaborative learning and are supplemented by materials on the Translation Studies Portal a glossary of key terms and pointers to resources for further development. Dialogue Interpreting is an essential guide for practising interpreters and for all students of interpreting within advanced undergraduate and postgraduate/graduate programmes in Translation and Interpreting Studies, Modern Languages, Applied Linguistics and Intercultural Communication.

This volume is the first of its kind to explore the notion of untranslatability from a wide variety of interdisciplinary perspectives and its implications within the broader context of translation studies. Featuring contributions from both leading authorities and emerging scholars in the field, the book looks to go beyond traditional comparisons of target texts and their sources to more rigorously investigate the myriad ways in which the term untranslatability is both conceptualized and applied. The first half of the volume focuses on untranslatability as a theoretical or philosophical construct, both to ground and extend the term's conceptual remit, while the second half is composed of case studies in which the term is applied and contextualized in a diverse set of literary text types and genres, including poetry, philosophical works, song lyrics, memoir, and scripture. A final chapter examines untranslatability in the real world and the challenges it brings in practical contexts. Extending the conversation in this burgeoning contemporary debate, this volume is key reading for graduate students and researchers in translation studies, comparative literature, gender studies, and philosophy of language. The editors are grateful to the University of East Anglia Faculty of Arts and Humanities, who supported the book with a publication grant.

CICLing 2001 is the second annual Conference on Intelligent text processing and Computational Linguistics (hence the name CICLing), see www.CICLing.org. It is intended to provide a balanced view of the cutting edge developments in both theoretical foundations of computational linguistics and practice of natural language text processing with its numerous applications. A feature of the CICLing conferences is their wide scope that covers nearly all areas of computational linguistics and all aspects of natural language processing applications. The conference is a forum for dialogue between the specialists working in these two areas. This year our invited speakers were Graeme Hirst (U. Toronto, Canada), Sylvain Kahane (U. Paris 7, France), and Ruslan Mitkov (U. Wolverhampton, UK). They delivered excellent extended lectures and organized vivid discussions. A total of 72 submissions were received, all but very few of surprisingly high quality. After careful reviewing, the Program Committee selected for presentation 53 of them, 41 as full papers and 12 as short papers, by 98 authors from 19 countries: Spain (19 authors), Japan (15), USA (12), France, Mexico (9 each), Sweden (6), Canada, China, Germany, Italy, Malaysia, Russia, United Arab Emirates (3 each), Argentina (2), Bulgaria, The Netherlands, Ukraine, UK, and Uruguay (1 each).

Can Theory Help Translators? is a dialogue between a theoretical scholar and a professional translator, about the usefulness (if any) of translation theory. The authors argue about the problem of the translator's identity, the history of the translator's role, the translator's visibility, translation types and strategies, translation quality, ethics and translation aids.

l This book evolved from the ARCADE evaluation exercise that started in 1995. The project's goal is to evaluate alignment systems for parallel texts, i. e., texts accompanied by their translation. Thirteen teams from various places around the world have participated so far and for the first time, some ten to fifteen years after the first alignment techniques were designed, the community has been able to get a clear picture of the behaviour of alignment systems. Several chapters in this book describe the details of competing systems, and the last chapter is devoted to the description of the evaluation protocol and results. The remaining chapters were especially commissioned from researchers who have been major figures in the field in recent years, in an attempt to address a wide range of topics that describe the state of the art in parallel text processing and use. As I recalled in the introduction, the Rosetta stone won eternal fame as the prototype of parallel texts, but such texts are probably almost as old as the invention of writing. Nowadays, parallel texts are electronic, and they are be coming an increasingly important resource for building the natural language processing tools needed in the "multilingual information society" that is cur rently emerging at an incredible speed. Applications are numerous, and they are expanding every day: multilingual lexicography and terminology, machine and human translation, cross-language information retrieval, language learning, etc."

Envisioning Machine Translation in the Information Future When the organizing committee of AMTA-2000 began planning, it was in that brief moment in history when we were absorbed in contemplation of the passing of the century and the millennium. Nearly everyone was comparing lists of the most important accomplishments and people of the last 10, 100, or 1000 years, imagining the radical changes likely over just the next few years, and at least mildly anxious about the potential Y2K apocalypse. The millennial theme for the conference, "Envisioning MT in the Information Future," arose from this period. The year 2000 has now come, and nothing terrible has happened (yet) to our electronic infrastructure. Our musings about great people and events probably did not ennoble us much, and whatever sense of jubilee we held has since dissipated. So it may seem a bit obsolete or anachronistic to cast this AMTA conference into visionary themes.

This accessible satellite textbook in the Routledge Intertext series is unique in offering students hands-on practical experience of textual analysis focused on speech and writing. Written in a clear, user-friendly style, it combines practical activities with texts, accompanied by commentaries and suggestions for further study. It can be used individually or in conjunction with the series core textbook Working With Texts: A core introduction to language analysis.
Aimed at A and AS Level and beginning undergraduate students, the Language of Speech and Writing:
* Analyses the processes involved in writing and speaking
* Highlights the differences between these two modes of communication
* Explores written texts from recipes to legal language, spoken texts from telephone conversations to interviews and mixed-mode texts from email to adverts
* Compares and contrasts spoken and written texts on the same theme

Related link: www.routledge.com/rcenters/linguistics/se ries/intertex.html
eBook available with sample pages: 0203221524

Biblical Foundations Book Awards Finalist For Christians, the Old Testament often presents a conundrum. We revere it as God's Word, but we don't always comprehend it. It has great truths beautifully expressed, but it also has lengthy lists of names that we cannot pronounce, detailed rules for religious rites that we never observe, and grim stories that we never tell our children. Theologians and laypeople throughout church history have struggled to define it, interpret it, and reconcile it with the New Testament. In The Problem of the Old Testament, Duane A. Garrett takes on this conundrum and lays a foundation for constructive study of the Old Testament. He surveys three primary methods Christians have used to handle the Old Testament, from the church fathers to today: hermeneutical, schematic, and conceptual. Garrett also explores major interpretive topics such as the nature of the law, the function of election and covenants, and how prophecy works, boldly offering a way forward that is faithful to the text and to the Christian faith. "I argue," Garrett writes, "that the Old Testament is fulfilled in Jesus Christ and that it is authoritative and edifying for Christians." This thorough, accessible work is essential reading for all students of Scripture seeking to discover the Old Testament's riches beyond the challenges.

Machine translation (MT) is the area of computer science and applied linguistics dealing with the translation of human languages such as English and German. MT on the Internet has become an important tool by providing fast, economical and useful translations. With globalisation and expanding trade, demand for translation is set to grow.Translation Engines covers theoretical and practical aspects of MT, both classic and new, including: - Character sets and formatting languages - Translation memory - Linguistic and computational foundations - Basic computational linguistic techniques - Transfer and interlingua MT - Evaluation Software accompanies the text, providing readers with hands on experience of the main algorithms.

An essay with the reach and momentum of a novel, Kate Briggs's This Little Art is a genre-bending song for the practice of literary translation, offering fresh, fierce and timely thinking on reading, writing and living with the works of others. Taking her own experience of translating Roland Barthes's lecture notes as a starting point, the author threads various stories together to give us this portrait of translation as a compelling, complex and intensely relational activity. She recounts the story of Helen Lowe-Porter's translations of Thomas Mann, and their posthumous vilification. She writes about the loving relationship between Andre Gide and his translator Dorothy Bussy. She recalls how Robinson Crusoe laboriously made a table, for him for the first time, on an undeserted island. With This Little Art, a beautifully layered account of a subjective translating experience, Kate Briggs emerges as a truly remarkable writer: distinctive, wise, frank, funny and utterly original.

During the latter half of this century, particular attention has been paid to translating. The progress and change of perspective in this field of knowledge have been spectacular, moving from a scientific and prescriptive vision of translation to a descriptive one, which, in turn, has given way to the interaction between translation and culture. The starting point of this book is the idea that language is not neutral and that, insofar as language is the translator's tool, the act of translating is not neutral either. Translation shapes the way in which a given society receives a work, an author, a literature, or a culture; therefore it is necessary to locate the subversive aspects of translations in the larger framework of social interaction. Translating can never be neutral, as it is charged with ideology and 'games of power'. The most attractive feature of this anthology is that in the essays we can see how norms vary from one culture to another, how a 'strong' society may wish to alter those of a 'weaker' one through translation, or how the canon can be modified. Translation as a political or manipulative action will be much less dangerous if we are aware of its consequences. This book will help us to reflect on this problem.