George Orwell coined the term 'Newspeak' for his novel 1984, the purpose of which was designed to shrink vocabularies and eliminate subtlety and nuance. For this dictionary, first published to herald the year 1984, Jonathon Green compiled nearly 8, 000 entries - selected from the slangs and specific vocabularies of trades, professions and interests - covering such areas as the world of entertainment, the media, the military economics, and finance. This dictionary provides an accurate and useful linguistic guide for students of lexicography and an interesting compendium for the general inquisitive reader.

First published in 1987, the Dictionary of Jargon expands on its predecessor Newspeak (Routledge Revivals, 2014) as an authoritative reference guide to specialist occupational slang, or jargon. Containing around 21, 000 entries, the dictionary encompasses a truly eclectic range of fields and includes extensive coverage of both British and U.S. jargon. Areas dealt with range from marketing to medicine, from advertising to artificial intelligence and from skiing to sociology. This is a fascinating resource for students of lexicography and professional lexicographers, as well as the general inquisitive reader.

Unique narrative approach introduces students to foundational concepts in intercultural communication. Suitable for intercultural communication courses at the introductory or advanced undergraduate level within communication studies departments as well as other programs such as business, that benefit from a knowledge of how to communicate across cultures. Companion website contains practice quizzes and enrichment activities for students to reinforce concepts, while instructors will find lecture slides and suggested further assignements and activities.

This groundbreaking book--about differences in communication practices between Mexican-American underclass residents in an East Los Angeles housing project and white, middle-class literacy tutors who worked with them--makes an important contribution to research on the sociolinguistics of the Chicano gang culture. More specifically, this work adds substantially to research on understanding linguistic politeness theories, the use of epistemic modals for negative politeness, and evidentiality. It refines, and in a number of cases, defines, function categories for epistemic modals through a rigorous grammatical analysis. This book is also distinctive in that the author subjects the language of middle-class Anglos to the same type of scrutiny that is often reserved for non-mainstream groups. Youmans contends that the differences between the Chicano and Anglo speakers are the result of the two groups' different sociocultural circumstances, including historical and current living and working patterns and the relative value placed on familialism and communalism versus individualism and independence. (The terms Chicano and Anglo are used as a kind of shorthand in this book--not to raise larger sociocultural issues implied by these terms.) Although the number of participants in the study limits the applicability of the findings as they might be extrapolated to all Chicanos/as, or all Anglos when reporting sociolinguistic observations, the main argument advanced is that language use may provide insights into beliefs, attitudes, and practices in the larger society. This volume is directed to researchers and graduate students in the areas of sociolinguistics, applied linguistics, discourse analysis, and cross-cultural communication, and will also interest language and linguistics educators and grammarians.

The Routledge Handbook of Language and Emotion offers a variety of critical theoretical and methodological perspectives that interrogate the ways in which ideas about and experiences of emotion are shaped by linguistic encounters, and vice versa. Taking an interdisciplinary approach which incorporates disciplines such as linguistic anthropology, sociolinguistics, applied linguistics, psychology, communication studies, education, sociology, folklore, religious studies, and literature, this book: explores and illustrates the relationship between language and emotion in the five key areas of language socialisation; culture, translation and transformation; poetry, pragmatics and power; the affective body-self; and emotion communities; situates our present-day thinking about language and emotion by providing a historical and cultural overview of distinctions and moral values that have traditionally dominated Western thought relating to emotions and their management; provides a unique insight into the multiple ways in which language incites emotion, and vice versa, especially in the context of culture. With contributions from an international range of leading and emerging scholars in their fields, The Routledge Handbook of Language and Emotion is an indispensable resource for students and researchers who are interested in incorporating interdisciplinary perspectives on language and emotion into their work.

This book throws light on ideologies, practices and sociocultural developments currently shaping language use in Japan by departing from the more common investigation of language in private contexts and examining aspects of the language found in a range of significant public spaces, from the material (an international airport, the streets of Tokyo, the JSL classroom in Japan and courtrooms) to the electronic (television dramas, local government web pages and cyberspace). Through its study of the language encountered in such settings, the volume provides a deeper understanding of multifaceted aspects of linguistic diversity, both in terms of the use of languages other than Japanese and of issues relating to the Japanese language itself. The variety of theoretical approaches brought to bear by contributing authors ensures a substantial intellectual contribution to the literature on language in contemporary Japan. This book was published as a special issue of Japanese Studies.

*With its focus on race, the languaging of race and the feminist experience, this is vital reading at a moment of heightened attention on the issues of systemic racism and sexism *Both a personal story with wide resonance, written in a highly engaging, conversational and non-academic style which will appeal to the general reader and a major statement on the significance of language in social transformation, this is key reading for courses on African American and African Studies, Cultural Rhetoric, Feminist Studies, Linguistics, Writing and Composition *A companion piece to both John Rickford's "Transformed" memoir and the reissued classic, "Word from the Mother", this is a vivid personal account and legacy piece from an inspiring activist and hugely influential scholar

*The first textbook to guide translation students through the process of translating change in language and society, with a clear focus on developing and honing practical translation skills *A fresh and pedagogically developed textbook for all courses focusing on specialised translation and translation as a profession and meets a need for trainee and practising translators to adapt and refine their skills *unlike other texts, it covers a really broad range of areas, is highly topical with examples drawn from the Covid-19 pandemic and Brexit and is addressed to both students and translators, who need to develop their analytical and transferable skills to work in a changing market.

* The debate about the effects of bilingualism on executive control is one of the most controversial and contentious issues in the field of bilingualism, so the topic is timely. * Includes coverage of the methodologies used in this area of investigation. * Offers a critical review of the research literature to balance the record about bilingual advantage.

This book advocates a new post-digital linguistic ethnography approach to unpacking mobile communication and enabling a more informed understanding of individuals' communicative practices in cities today. Drawing on data from a group of ordinary working people, multilingual individuals from superdiverse cities across the United Kingdom, the volume brings observations from this data together to form a new concept of 'resourcefulness' as a means of explaining the emergent sense of agency individuals develop towards remediating existing forms of technology in their everyday lives. The book in turn establishes the notion of the 'networked individual' by way of demonstrating the ways in which communicative practices cross spaces and platforms. Further chapters detail examples to highlight resourcefulness at work in enabling more efficient business communication, routes to self-expression and the creation and development of social support systems, while a concluding chapter looks at both the limitations and possibilities of resourcefulness and directions for future research. This innovative volume will be of particular interest to students and researchers in applied linguistics, sociolinguistics, linguistic ethnography, and media and communication studies.

In Chronotopes and Migration: Language, Social Imagination, and Behavior, Farzad Karimzad and Lydia Catedral investigate migrants' polycentric identities, imaginations, ideologies, and orientations to home and host countries through the notion of chronotope. The book focuses on the authors' ethnographically situated research with two migrant populations - Iranians and Uzbeks in the United States - to highlight the institutional constraints and individual subjectivities involved in transnational mobility. The authors provide a model for how the notion of cultural chronotope can be applied to the study of language and migration at multiple scale levels, and they showcase a coherent picture of the ways in which chronotopes organize various aspects of migrant life. This book is a critical contribution to the conversation surrounding the sociocultural-linguistic uses of the chronotope, demonstrating its applicability not only to theorizing migration but also to theorizing language and social life more broadly.

This book throws light on ideologies, practices and sociocultural developments currently shaping language use in Japan by departing from the more common investigation of language in private contexts and examining aspects of the language found in a range of significant public spaces, from the material (an international airport, the streets of Tokyo, the JSL classroom in Japan and courtrooms) to the electronic (television dramas, local government web pages and cyberspace).

Through its study of the language encountered in such settings, the volume provides a deeper understanding of multifaceted aspects of linguistic diversity, both in terms of the use of languages other than Japanese and of issues relating to the Japanese language itself. The variety of theoretical approaches brought to bear by contributing authors ensures a substantial intellectual contribution to the literature on language in contemporary Japan.

This book was published as a special issue of Japanese Studies.

This volume covers the language situation in Hong Kong, Timor-Leste and Sri Lanka explaining the linguistic diversity, the historical and political contexts and the current language situation, including language-in-education planning, the role of the media, the role of religion and the roles of non-indigenous languages. Two of the authors are indigenous to the situations described while the other has undertaken extensive field work and consulting there. The three monographs contained in this volume draw together the literature on each of the polities to present an overview of the research available about each of them, while providing new research-based information. The purpose of the volume is to provide an up-to-date overview of the language situation in each polity based on a series of key questions in the hope that this might facilitate the development of a richer theory to guide language policy and planning in other polities where similar issues may arise. This book was published as special issues of Current Issues in Language Planning.

Intercultural communication is a daily occurrence for most people, as a result of transnational population flows and globalized media. The contributions to this volume propose reconceptualizations of orthodox accounts of intercultural communication based on supposed national cultural characteristics. They approach the subject from a variety of angles, including intercultural communication training, the role of power in intercultural negotiations, the linguistic situation in Europe, and the conflict between nationalist and transnational discourses in literature. The articles consider the need for a revision of the notions of culture and communication given multicultural and multilingual environments such as universities; the use of English as a lingua franca in Europe; how collaborative discourse can reshape power relations; the importance of social intelligence in intercultural communication; cultural and linguistic influences on conceptual metaphors and their translation; and the way Irish and Galician women poets negotiate competing ideologies such as nationalism, feminism, Celticism and Catholicism. This book was published as a special issue of the European Journal of English Studies.

When this book was originally published it was the first work of its kind to examine the way in which language is used to express the 'myth' of advertising slogans and other popular cultural forms. By making use of general theories from the disciplines of anthropology, linguistics, media studies and semiotics, the book attempts to demystify Japanese culture as it has been hitherto presented in the West, and shows how such cultural forms as 'noodle westerns' and high-school baseball uphold the well-known ideologies of 'selflessness', 'diligence', 'compliance' and 'co-operation' typically associated with the Japanese. Ultimately, the book poses the question: are those whom we call the Japanese 'real' people in their own right, or merely a nation acting out a part written for them by Western civilisation?

The Language, Society and Power Reader is the definitive Reader for students studying introductory modules in language and society.

Highly user-friendly, this wide-ranging collection of key readings introduces students to the thoughts and writings of major writers working within the area of sociolinguistics. The Language, Society and Power Reader

• is divided into ten thematic sections that explore the nature of language in the following areas: power, politics, media, gender, ethnicity, age, social class, identity and standardisation
• includes classic foundational readings from renowned scholars, but also innovative and contemporary work from new writers in the area
• provides a wealth of editorial support for each section with detailed section introductions and background information, issues to consider, annotated further reading and suggestions for further viewing
• features a glossary with helpful definitions and information on how the readings link to different areas.

While it can be used as a stand-alone text, The Language, Society and Power Reader has also been fully cross-referenced with the new companion title: Language, Society and Power, third edition (Routledge, 2011). Together these books provide the complete resource for students studying modules in language and society in English language and linguistics, media, communication, cultural studies, sociology and psychology.

Language is key to understanding culture, and culture is an essential part of studying language. This reader focuses on the interplay between Language and Intercultural Communication. Reflecting the international nature of the field, this reader covers a wide range of language and cultural contexts: Arabic, Chinese, English (British, American, Australian and South African), Greek, Hebrew, Japanese, Samoan and Spanish. Divided into six parts, it covers: Culture, language and thought; Cultural approaches to discourse and pragmatics; Communication patterns across cultures; Teaching and learning cultural variations of language use; Interculturality and Intercultural Communication in professional contexts. With twenty two readings by eminent authorities in the field as well as cutting-edge materials representing current developments, the book explores the breadth and depth of the subject as well as providing an essential overview for both students and researchers. Each part begins with a clear and comprehensive introduction, and is enhanced by discussion questions, study activities and further reading sections. Alongside a comprehensive Resource List, detailing important reference books, journals, organisations and websites and an annotated Glossary of key terms, the final section offers advice on how to carry out research in Language and Intercultural Communication.

This work is a reissue of the three volumes of the Linguistic Atlas of Scotland, first published in 1975, 1977 and 1985 respectively. The volumes offer a thorough and comprehensive dialectological study of Lowland Scotland, Orkney and Shetland, Northern Ireland, Northumberland and Cumberland, providing a wealth of word-geographical material and phonological findings assembled over more than 20 years, alongside a detailed cartographic analysis of Scottish dialects by the Linguistic Survey of Scotland.

Volumes 1 and 2 offer a comprehensive selection of word-geographical material, offering the Scots equivalent of a selection of English words, presented on a county by county basis.

Volume 1 also includes an introduction which covers:

• the concept of linguistic geography and historical development of linguistic reflection in Scotland in both the written and oral tradition
• the new approach in Scottish phonetics and dialectology which began in the second half of the nineteenth century
• the origins and approaches of the Linguistic Survey of Scotland
• the role of the questionnaire in the creation the Linguistic Atlas
• and a valuable and detailed introduction to the maps and lists of word-geographical material which make up these two volumes.

Maps within this collection show:

• the physical structure of the Scots and Gaelic-speaking areas covered
• The National grid and grid of Northern Ireland enabling the reader to locate each informant
• population density of each region

Volume 3 presents the phonological investigation of Scots dialect speech, providing the first large-scale presentation of a phonological survey along functional lines, that is, by means of a technique of contrasts and oppositions of the stressed vowels of the recorded speech-sounds.

Sociophonetics: a student's guide provides a practical how-to' manual that will give students a clear understanding of the technical and theoretical advances in acoustic phonetics, speech perception, and recording technology which is essential for sociolinguistic research. Balancing theory, practical information and research protocol, this book: * Covers the key methodological, technical and procedural information needed to undertake sociophonetic research * Includes contributions from key academics and ground-breaking researchers * Incorporates exercises and projects in each chapter * Has a companion website that provides additional materials for students and professors, featuring exercises, links to on-line sources for specific tools and includes a large selection of audio and video clips. Sociophonetics is essential reading for graduate students and researchers with interests in sociophonetics, phonology and for those undertaking research projects in applied linguistics.

The International Congress of Linguists meets every five years to reflect the development of Linguistics, the close study of language and languages. In 2018, for the first time, the Congress is being held in Africa. The African continent is blessed with hundreds of languages which act as local repositories of culture and interaction. South Africa itself has eleven official languages, plus Sign Language, many heritage languages, and new languages of global movements and migration. This book of selected papers from the Congress will provide an up-to-date specialist overview of the main fields of Linguistics. The papers will broadly address the history of languages, structure, acquisition, diversity and use. At the same time due regard will be paid to the African continent in several of the papers in connection with its linguistic diversity, multilingualism and educational and societal concerns. This collection is therefore meant to affirm the value of the languages of Africa, of languages and Linguistics in general, as well as to inspire and equip younger scholars to undertake advanced research into language in its many facets.

Virtual English examines English language communication on the World Wide Web, focusing on Internet practices crafted by underserved communities in the US and overlooked participants in several Asian Diaspora communities. Jillana Enteen locates instances where subjects use electronic media to resist popular understandings of cyberspace, computer-mediated communication, nation and community, presenting unexpected responses to the forces of globalization and predominate US value systems. The populations studied here contribute websites, conversations and artifacts that employ English strategically, broadening and splintering the language to express their concerns in the manner they perceive as effective. Users are thus afforded new opportunities to transmit information, conduct conversations, teach and make decisions, shaping, in the process, both language and technology. Moreover, web designers and writers conjure distinct versions of digitally enhanced futures -- computer-mediated communicationmay attract audiences previously out of reach. The subjects of Virtual English challenge prevailing deployments and conceptions of emerging technologies. Their on-line practices illustrate that the Internet need not replicate current geopolitical beliefs and practices and that reconfigurations exist in tandem with dominant models.

This volume studies the ways in which modernity has been conceived, practiced, and performed in Indian literatures from the 18th to 20th century. It brings together essays on writings in Hindi, Urdu, Punjabi, Bengali, Odia, Gujarati, Marathi, Tamil, Telugu, Kannada, Malayalam, and languages from Northeast India, which form a dialogical relationship with each other in this volume. The concurrence and contradictions emerging through these studies problematize the idea of modernity afresh. The book challenges the dominance of colonial modernity through socio-historical and cultural analysis of how modernity surfaces as a multifaceted phenomenon when contextualized in the multilingual ethos of India. It further tracks the complex ways in which modernism in India is tied to the harvests of modernity. It argues for the need to shift focus on the specific conditions that gave shape to multiple modernities within literatures produced from India. A versatile collection, the book incorporates engagements with not just long prose fiction but also lesser-known essays, research works, and short stories published in popular magazines. This unique work will be of interest to students and teachers of Indian writing in English, Indian literatures, and comparative literatures. It will be indispensable to scholars of South Asian studies, literary historians, linguists, and scholars of cultural studies across the globe.

Both a companion to Introducing Sociolinguistics, Miriam Meyerhoff's bestselling textbook, and a stand-alone Reader in sociolinguistics, this collection includes classic foundational readings and more recent innovative articles.

Intended to be highly user-friendly, The Routledge Sociolinguistics Reader includes substantial section introductions, further reading, a reader's guide on how to use the book and an introductory chapter providing advice on how to undertake qualitative and quantitative research. This introduction is supplemented by exercises focussing on data handling and collection.

The Reader is divided into six sections and each section is thematically organised. Each reading is accessible to beginning students of sociolinguistics but the entire selection is assembled to also help advanced students focus on themes, principles and concepts that cut across different researchers' work. Beginning and advanced students are supported by Content Questions to assist understanding of essential features in the readings, and Concept Questions which help advanced students make connections across readings, apply theory to data, and critically engage with the readings. A companion website supports and connects the Reader and textbook with structured exercises, links to associated websites and video examples, plus an online glossary.

The Routledge Sociolinguistics Reader is essential reading for students on courses in sociolinguistics, language and society, and language and variation.

Authors: Allan Bell ? Jennifer Hay ? Stefanie Jannedy ? Norma Mendoza-Denton ? Qing Zhang ? John Laver ? Sachiko Ide ? Dennis R. Preston ? Thomas Purnell ? William Idsardi ? John Baugh ? Gibson Ferguson ? Isabelle Buchstaller ? Jinny K. Choi ? Don Kulick ? Christopher Stroud ? Jan-Peter Blom ? John J. Gumperz ? David Britain ? Monica Heller ? Ben Rampton ? Miriam Meyerhoff ? Nancy Niedzielski ? William Labov ? Rika Ito ? Sali Tagliamonte ? Gillian Sankoff ? H?l?ne Blondeau ? Peter Trudgill ? Richard Cameron ? Lesley Milroy ? James Milroy ? Paul Kerswill ? Ann Williams ? Terttu Nevalainen ? Penelope Eckert ? Janet Holmes ? Stephanie Schnurr ? Niloofar Haeri ? Elinor Ochs ? Scott Fabius Kiesling ? Rusty Barrett

Miriam Meyerhoff is Professor of Linguistics at the University of Auckland, New Zealand.

Erik Schleef is lecturer in the Department of Linguistics and English Language at the University of Manchester, UK.

Go to www.routledge.com/textbooks/meyerhoff for online resources supporting The Routledge Sociolinguistics Reader and Introducing Sociolinguistics (Meyerhoff 2011)

ENGLISH LANGUAGE AND LINGUISTICS

This book presents an alternative paradigm in understanding and appreciating World Englishes (WEs) in the wake of globalization and its accompanying shifting priorities in many dimensions of modern life, including the emergence of the English language as the dominant lingua franca (ELF). Chew argues that history is a theatre for the realization of lingua francas, offering a model that shows the present as derived from the past and as a bearer of future possibility, the understanding of which is rooted in the understanding of World Englishes and ELF. The book will engage with some of the current theoretical debates in WEs and includes, as a means of fleshing out the model, sociolinguistic case studies of Arabia, China Fujian, and Singapore.

The study of the prehistory of East Asia is developing very rapidly. In uncovering the story of the flows of human migration that constituted the peopling of East Asia there exists widespread debate about the nature of evidence and the tools for correlating results from different disciplines.

Drawing upon the latest evidence in genetics, linguistics and archaeology, this exciting new book examines the history of the peopling of East Asia, and investigates the ways in which we can detect migration, and its different markers in these fields of inquiry. Results from different academic disciplines are compared and reinterpreted in the light of evidence from others to attempt to try and generate consensus on methodology. Taking a broad geographical focus, the book also draws attention to the roles of minority peoples - hitherto underplayed in accounts of the region's prehistory - such as the Austronesian, Tai-Kadai and Altaic speakers, whose contribution to the regional culture is now becoming accepted.

Past Human Migrations in East Asia presents a full picture of the latest research on the peopling of East Asia, and will be of interest to scholars of all disciplines working on the reconstruction of the peopling of East and North East Asia.