Winner, Warren Dean Memorial Prize, Conference on Latin American History (CLAH), 2018 Street vending has supplied the inhabitants of Rio de Janeiro with basic goods for several centuries. Once the province of African slaves and free blacks, street commerce became a site of expanded (mostly European) immigrant participation and shifting state regulations during the transition from enslaved to free labor and into the early post-abolition period. Street Occupations investigates how street vendors and state authorities negotiated this transition, during which vendors sought greater freedom to engage in commerce and authorities imposed new regulations in the name of modernity and progress. Examining ganhador (street worker) licenses, newspaper reports, and detention and court records, and considering the emergence of a protective association for vendors, Patricia Acerbi reveals that street sellers were not marginal urban dwellers in Rio but active participants in a debate over citizenship. In their struggles to sell freely throughout the Brazilian capital, vendors asserted their citizenship as urban participants with rights to the city and to the freedom of commerce. In tracing how vendors resisted efforts to police and repress their activities, Acerbi demonstrates the persistence of street commerce and vendors' tireless activity in the city, which the law eventually accommodated through municipal street commerce regulation passed in 1924. A focused history of a crucial era of transition in Brazil, Street Occupations offers important new perspectives on patron-client relations, slavery and abolition, policing, the use of public space, the practice of free labor, the meaning of citizenship, and the formality and informality of work.

Three early 2014 developments signal a new regulatory regime is on the way. The U.S. Department of Justice announced it will not interfere with marijuana retail sales as long as all state and Federal rules are followed and all taxes are paid. The U.S. Treasury Department's Financial Crimes Enforcement Network issued formal guidance to U.S. banks on how to do business with marijuana firms. The President of the United States mentioned marijuana and alcohol in the same sentence. An enormous, quasi-dormant underground economy is awakening and large components are coming to the surface. Taylor West, deputy director of the 440-member National Cannabis Industry Association, said, "There is a whole canopy of products that goes beyond plants." He cites cannabis-infused foods and drinks, cannabis oils, butters, tinctures, and salves. New regulatory demands will spark other opportunities such as laboratories to test for impurities and software systems to track product from seed-to-sale. But make no mistake about it: Some investors in some of the publicly-held cannabis-connected companies detailed at www.hempinsiders.com will lose money.

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