Len Gregory is a law school student. As part of his elite law school's community outreach programme, he finds himself in a local high school several times a week passing on his own legal knowledge to the students in a course he teaches entitled Street Law. This book shows that passing on legal knowledge is not the only thing Len is doing in Street Law. He is also trying to get his students to talk and argue about the law in the same way that he does.

Len talks about legal matters using hypothetical, speculative scenarios played out by generic people - if people occur at all in his scenarios. The students, meanwhile, recount anecdotes inhabited by real people doing things in the real world. This book describes how Len and the Street Law students negotiate Len's language promotion project scheme, that is, how the students go along with or resist Len's promotion. The consequences of this negotiation are high: the abstract/speculative inquiry style promoted by Len carries social value - to be able to talk as Len does is to be able to talk as powerful members of society talk, and Len is offering the Street Law students access to that social capital. However, this book shows how the Street Law students identify abstract/speculative inquiry as being the talk of the (elite, white) Other - not, in other words, a way of talk that, by and large, utters their social identity. The book examines this negotiation and tension between learning economically powerful ways of talking in the larger social marketplace and maintaining an authentic local social identity.

This edited volume showcases essays revolving around diverse translation discourses and practices in China, Korea and Japan. Knowledge transfer and cultural exchanges have historically flourished in East Asia and translation functions as an important social, cultural and political tool to this day. The essays in this volume discuss a wide range of historical and contemporary subjects, each examining distinctive translational activities and foregrounding their cultural significance in their respective time and place. They give a voice to various translational traditions in East Asia, where regional particularities and interlinkages are in effect. The contributors bring together different areas of expertise, such as the history of translation, political activism and translation, literary translation, transcreation and the translation profession.

In today's theatre, productions of plays that originated in another language are frequently distinguished by two characteristics: the authorship of the English text by a well-known local theatre specialist, and the absence of the term 'translation'-generally in favour of 'adaptation' or 'version'. The Translator on Stage investigates the creative processes that bring translated plays to the mainstream stage, exploring the commissioning, translation and development procedures that end with a performed play. Through a sample of eight plays that span two thousand years and six languages-including Festen, Don Carlos, Hedda Gabler and The UN Inspector-and that were all staged within a three-month period, Geraldine Brodie brings in a wide range of theatre practitioners to discuss their roles in the translation process and the motivations that govern London theatre translation activities. The Translator on Stage is informed by specially conducted interviews with the productions' producers, artistic directors, directors, literary managers, playwrights and specialist translators, including Michael Grandage, Rufus Norris, David Eldridge, Juan Mayorga, David Johnston and Mike Poulton. It sheds new light not only on theatrical translation procedures, but also on the place of translation in society today.

Thinking Chinese Translation is a practical and comprehensive course for advanced undergraduates and postgraduate students of Chinese.

Thinking Chinese Translation explores the ways in which memory, general knowledge, and creativity (summed up as schema ) contribute to the linguistic ability necessary to create a good translation. The course develops the reader s ability to think deeply about the texts and to produce natural and accurate translations from Chinese into English.

A wealth of relevant illustrative material is presented, taking the reader through a number of different genres and text types of increasing complexity including:

• technical, scientific and legal texts
• journalistic and informative texts
• literary and dramatic texts.

Each chapter provides a discussion of the issues of a particular text type based on up-to-date scholarship, followed by practical translation exercises. The chapters can be read independently as research material, or in combination with the exercises. The issues discussed range from the fine detail of the text, such as punctuation, to the broader context of editing, packaging and publishing translations. Major aspects of teaching and learning translation, such as collaboration, are also covered.

Thinking Chinese Translation is essential reading for advanced undergraduate and postgraduate students of Chinese and translation studies. The book will also appeal to a wide range of language students and tutors through the general discussion of the principles and purpose of translation.

The Translation Movement of the Abbasid Period, which lasted for almost three hundred years, was a unique event in world history. During this period, much of the intellectual tradition of the Greeks, Persians, and Indians was translated into Arabic-a language with no prior history of translation or of science, medicine, or philosophy. This book investigates the cultural and political conflicts that translation brought into the new Abbasid state from a sociological perspective, treating translation as a process and a product. The opening chapters outline the factors involved in the initiation and cessation of translational activity in the Abbasid period before dealing in individual chapters with important events in the Translation Movement, such as the translation of Aristotle's Poetics into Arabic, Abdullah ibn al-Muqaffa's seminal translation of the Indian/Persian Kalilah wa Dimna into Arabic and the translation of scientific texts. Other chapters address the question of whether the Abbasids had a theory of translation and why, despite three hundred years of translation, not a single poem was translated into Arabic. The final chapter deals with the influence of translation during this period on the Arabic language. Offering new readings of many issues that are associated with that period, informed by modern theories of translation, this is key reading for scholars and researchers in Translation Studies, Oriental and Arab Studies, Book History and Cultural History.

Thinking Chinese Translation is a practical and comprehensive course for advanced undergraduates and postgraduate students of Chinese.

Thinking Chinese Translation explores the ways in which memory, general knowledge, and creativity (summed up as ?schema?) contribute to the linguistic ability necessary to create a good translation. The course develops the reader's ability to think deeply about the texts and to produce natural and accurate translations from Chinese into English.

A wealth of relevant illustrative material is presented, taking the reader through a number of different genres and text types of increasing complexity including:

• technical, scientific and legal texts
• journalistic and informative texts
• literary and dramatic texts.

Each chapter provides a discussion of the issues of a particular text type based on up-to-date scholarship, followed by practical translation exercises. The chapters can be read independently as research material, or in combination with the exercises. The issues discussed range from the fine detail of the text, such as punctuation, to the broader context of editing, packaging and publishing translations. Major aspects of teaching and learning translation, such as collaboration, are also covered.

Thinking Chinese Translation is essential reading for advanced undergraduate and postgraduate students of Chinese and translation studies. The book will also appeal to a wide range of language students and tutors through the general discussion of the principles and purpose of translation.

Translation and film adaptation of theatre have received little study. In filling that gap, this book draws on the experiences of theatrical translators and on movie versions of plays from various countries. It also offers insights into such concerns as the translation of bilingual plays and the choice between subtitling and dubbing of film.

Thinking through Translation with Metaphors explores a wide range of metaphorical figures used to describe the translation process, from Aristotle to the present.

Most practitioners and theorists of translation are familiar with a number of metaphors for translation, such as the metaphor of the bridge, following in another's footsteps, performing a musical score, changing clothes, or painting a portrait; yet relatively little attention has been paid to what these metaphorical models reveal about how we conceptualize translation. Drawing on insights from recent developments in metaphor theory, contributors to this volume reveal how central metaphorical language has been to translation studies at all periods of time and in various cultures. Metaphors have played a key role in shaping the way in which we understand translation, determining what facets of the translation process are deemed to be important and therefore merit study, and aiding in the training of successive generations of translators and theorists. While some of the papers focus mainly on past metaphorical representations, others discuss recent shifts in both metaphor and translation theory, while others still propose innovative metaphors in a bid to transform translation studies.

The volume also includes an annotated bibliography of works centrally concerned with metaphors of translation.

In this eminently readable study, Philip Wilson explores the later writings of Ludwig Wittgenstein and shows how a reading of this philosophy can enable the translation theorist and the practising translator to reflect upon and improve the phenomenon of translation. Wittgenstein, whilst a key figure in twentieth-century philosophy, remains peripheral to the field of translation studies and Wilson argues that his later work, because it deals with the nature of language and meaning, is potentially of great significance and an awareness of this can change translation, both literary and non-literary. Wittgenstein's life and thought is treated in the introduction, where it is shown how his methods can be applied to areas outside philosophy. The central three chapters of the book survey: the reading of the source text for translation; the writing of the target text; the theorisation of the target text. The author demonstrates how tools from Wittgenstein's work can be of use in translation studies: the notion of the language-game, for example, helps us to understand meaning by looking at the way that words are used, and this can both help us describe translation and suggest ways of translating. A wide variety of examples and case studies is given throughout the book, from both literary and non-literary sources. Aimed at translation studies scholars, graduate students and researchers, this interdisciplinary book will also be of interest to scholars of philosophy and literature.

This book explores the discourse in and of translation within and across cultures and languages. From the macro aspects of translation as an inter- cultural project to actual analysis of textual ingredients that contribute to translation and interpreting as discourse, the ten chapters represent different explorations of 'global' theories of discourse and translation. Offering interrogations of theories and practices within different sociocultural environments and traditions (Eastern and Western), Discourse in Translation considers a plethora of domains, including historiography, ethics, technical and legal discourse, subtitling, and the politics of media translation as representation. This is key reading for all those working on translation and discourse within translation studies and linguistics.

The translation of promotional and advertising texts requires the application of techniques which, although they vary depending on the specific text type, are all aimed at preserving their persuasive purpose. This often requires in-depth cultural adaptation and, on occasion, thorough rewriting. Translating Promotional and Advertising Texts covers the key types of promotional texts, including personal, business-to-business, institutional, business-to-consumer, and advertising. With numerous examples from a wide variety of languages and media, taken from the author's own professional experience and observations, this volume is designed for use as a coursebook for classroom practice or as a handbook for self-learning. It also provides insight for research into promotional and advertising translation. This second, updated edition offers entirely new sections on self-promotion in social media, text analysis, and tools for the cross-cultural appraisal of promotional texts. Revised with new examples, a glossary of terms, and activities and tasks on the Routledge Translation Studies Portal, this is the essential text for students, researchers, translators, and professionals working in copywriting, marketing, public relations, or related areas.

Translation is intercultural communication par excellence. It has the power to form and/or deform cultures through sustained manipulation of the translation process and all that goes into it: from texts chosen for translation to the words used. But nowhere has manipulation through translation been more damaging than in the cultural exchange of goods between the Arab/Islamic worlds and the West. Drawing on this complex cultural relationship, the chapters in this volume address issues such as the rise of a master discourse of translation; pseudo-translation; self-translation; and the historiography of translation.

Translating for performance is a difficult - and hotly contested - activity. Adapting Translation for the Stage presents a sustained dialogue between scholars, actors, directors, writers, and those working across these boundaries, exploring common themes and issues encountered when writing, staging, and researching translated works. It is organised into four parts, each reflecting on a theatrical genre where translation is regularly practised: The Role of Translation in Rewriting Naturalist Theatre Adapting Classical Drama at the Turn of the Twenty-First Century Translocating Political Activism in Contemporary Theatre Modernist Narratives of Translation in Performance A range of case studies from the National Theatre's Medea to The Gate Theatre's Dances of Death and Emily Mann's The House of Bernarda Alba shed new light on the creative processes inherent in translating for the theatre, destabilising the literal/performable binary to suggest that adaptation and translation can - and do - coexist on stage. Chronicling the many possible intersections between translation theory and practice, Adapting Translation for the Stage offers a unique exploration of the processes of translating, adapting, and relocating work for the theatre.

This is the first English translation of Andrei V. Fedorov's classic 1953 text Vvedenie v teoriiu perevoda / Introduction to Translation Theory. Fedorov was the first to argue that translation theorizing should be based on linguistics, due to the fact that language is the common denominator of all translation. In addition, this text offers a concise but thorough comparative overview of thinking on translation in Western Europe and Russia. The detailed annotations and substantial introduction by the leading scholar and award-winning translator Brian James Baer inscribe Fedorov's work in the political and cultural context of the Soviet Union, highlighting the early influence of Russian Formalism on Fedorov's thinking. This volume is a model of scholarly translation that fills a major gap in our understanding of Soviet translation theory, which will compel a rethinking of current histories of the field. Contributing to the important work of internationalizing and generating new histories of translation studies, this volume is key reading for scholars and researchers of the history, theory, and politics of translation studies; comparative literature; and Russian and Slavic studies.

This book presents a contrastive analysis of various forms of address used in English and Italian from the perspective of cultural semantics, the branch of linguistics which investigates the relationship between meaning and culture in discourse. The objects of the analysis are the interactional meanings expressed by different forms of address in these two languages, which are compared adopting the methodology of the Natural Semantic Metalanguage. The forms analyzed include greetings, titles and opening and closing salutations used in letters and e-mails in the two languages. Noticeably, the book presents the first complete categorization of Italian titles used as forms of address ever made on the basis of precise semantic criteria. The analysis also investigates the different cultural values and assumptions underlying address practices in English and Italian, and emphasizes the risks of miscommunication caused by different address practices in intercultural interactions. Every chapter presents numerous examples taken from language corpora, contemporary English and Italian literature and personal e-mails and letters. The book encourages a new, innovative approach to the analysis of forms of address: it proposes a new analytical method for the analysis of forms of address which can be applied to the study of other languages systematically. In addition, the book emphasizes the role of culture in address practices and takes meaning as the basis for understanding the differences in use across languages and the difficulties in translating forms of address of different languages. Combining semantics, ethnopragmatics, intercultural communication and translation theory, this book is aimed at a very broad readership which includes not only scholars in linguistics, second-language learners and students of cross-cultural communication, but virtually anyone interested in Italian and English linguistics as well as in cultural semantics. The approach taken is interdisciplinary and brings together various fields in the social sciences: linguistics, anthropology, cross-cultural studies and sociology.

Translation, interpreting and other forms of communication support within public sector settings constitute a field which deals, quite literally, with matters of life and death. Overshadowed for many years by interpreting and translating in other domains, public sector interpreting and translating has received growing attention in recent years, with increasingly mobile populations and human rights, diversity and equality legislation shining the spotlight on the need for quality provision across an increasing range and volume of activities.

Interpreting and Translating in Public Service Settings offers a collection of analytically-grounded essays that provide new insights into the reality of the interaction in public sector settings and into the roles and positioning of the participants by challenging existing models and paradigms. Issues of local need, but with global resonance, are addressed, and current reality is set against plans for the future. The triad of participants (interpreter/translator, public sector professional and client) is investigated, as are aspects of pedagogy, policy and practice. Empirical data supports the study of topics related to written, spoken and signed activities in a variety of professional settings. Bringing together academics and practitioners from different countries in order to explore the multidisciplinary dimension of the subject, this collection should serve as a valuable reference tool, not only for academics and students of public sector interpreting and translating, but also for practising linguists, providers of language services and policy makers.

This volume provides an in-depth comparative study of translation practices and the role of the poet-translator across different countries and in so doing, demonstrates the need for poetry translation to be extended beyond close reading and situated in context. Drawing on a corpus composed of data from national library catalogues and Worldcat, the book examines translation practices of English-language, French-language, and Italian-language poet-translators through the lens of a broad sociological approach. Chapters 2 through 5 look at national poetic movements, literary markets, and the historical and socio-political contexts of translations, with Chapter 6 offering case studies of prominent and representative poet-translators from each tradition. A comprehensive set of appendices offers readers an opportunity to explore this data in greater detail. Taken together, the volume advocates for the need to study translation data against broader aesthetic, historical, and political trends and will be of particular interest to students and scholars in translation studies and comparative literature.

Russian Translation: Theory and Practice is a comprehensive practical course in translation for advanced undergraduate and postgraduate students of Russian. The course aims to provide intensive exposure with a view to mastering translation from Russian into English while carefully analyzing the specific problems that arise in the translation process.

Offering over 75 practical translation exercises and texts analyzed in detail to illustrate the stage-by-stage presentation of the method, Russian Translation addresses translation issues such as cultural differences, genre and translation goals. The book features material taken from a wide range of sources, including:

• journalistic
• medical
• scholarly
• legal
• economic
• popular culture ? literature (prose and poetry), media, internet, humour, music.

Central grammatical and lexical topics that will be addressed across the volume through the source texts and target texts include: declensional and agreement gender; case usage; impersonal constructions; verbal aspect; verbal government; word order; Russian word formation, especially prefixation and suffixation; collocations and proverbs; and abbreviations.

Russian Translation: Theory and Practice is essential reading for all students seriously interested in improving their translation skills.

A Tutor's Handbook for this course, giving guidance on teaching methods and assessment, as well as specimen answers, is available in PDF format from our website at http: //www.routledge.com/books/Russian-Translation-isbn9780415473477.

Edna Andrews is Professor of Linguistics and Cultural Anthropology, Director of the Center for Slavic, Eurasian and East European Studies at Duke University, USA.

Elena Maksimova is Associate Professor of the Practice in the Department of Slavic and Eurasian Studies at Duke University, USA.

Russian Translation: Theory and Practice is a comprehensive practical course in translation for advanced undergraduate and postgraduate students of Russian. The course aims to provide intensive exposure with a view to mastering translation from Russian into English while carefully analyzing the specific problems that arise in the translation process.

Offering over 75 practical translation exercises and texts analyzed in detail to illustrate the stage-by-stage presentation of the method, Russian Translation addresses translation issues such as cultural differences, genre and translation goals. The book features material taken from a wide range of sources, including:

• journalistic
• medical
• scholarly
• legal
• economic
• popular culture literature (prose and poetry), media, internet, humour, music.

Central grammatical and lexical topics that will be addressed across the volume through the source texts and target texts include: declensional and agreement gender; case usage; impersonal constructions; verbal aspect; verbal government; word order; Russian word formation, especially prefixation and suffixation; collocations and proverbs; and abbreviations.

Russian Translation: Theory and Practice is essential reading for all students seriously interested in improving their translation skills.

A Tutor s Handbook for this course, giving guidance on teaching methods and assessment, as well as specimen answers, is available in PDF format from our website at http: //www.routledge.com/books/Russian-Translation-isbn9780415473477.

Edna Andrews is Professor of Linguistics and Cultural Anthropology, Director of the Center for Slavic, Eurasian and East European Studies at Duke University, USA.

Elena Maksimova is Associate Professor of the Practice in the Department of Slavic and Eurasian Studies at Duke University, USA.

Authorizing Translation applies ground-breaking research on literary translation to examine the intersection between Translation Studies and literary criticism, rethinking ways in which analyzing translation and the authority of the translator can provide nuanced micro and macro readings of literary work and the worlds through which it moves. A substantial introduction surveys the field and suggests possible avenues for future research, while six case-study-based chapters by a new generation of Literature and Translation Studies scholars focus on the question of authority by asking: Who authors translations? Who authorizes translations? What authority do translations have in different cultural contexts? What authority does Literary Translation Studies have as a field? The hermeneutic role of the translator is explored through the literary periods of Romanticism, Modernism, and Postmodernism, and through different cultures and languages. The case studies focus on data-centered analysis of reviews of translated literature, ultimately illustrating how the translator's authority creates and hybridizes literary cultures. Authorizing Translation will be of interest to students and researchers of Literary Translation and Translation Studies. Additional resources for Translation and Interpreting Studies are available on the Routledge Translation Studies Portal: http://cw.routledge.com/textbooks/translationstudies.

Terminology Translation in Chinese Contexts: Theory and Practice investigates the theory and practice of terminology translation, terminology management, and scholarship within the distinctive milieu of Chinese and explores the complex relationship between terminology translation (micro level) and terminology management (macro level). This book outlines the contemporary challenges of terminology translation and terminology management within Chinese contexts in specialized fields including law, the arts, religion, Chinese medicine, and food products. The volume also examines how the development and application of new technologies such as big data, cloud computing, and artificial intelligence have brought about major changes in the language service industry. Technology such as machine translation and computer-assisted translation has spawned new challenges in terminology management practices and has facilitated their evolution in contexts of ever greater internationalization and globalization. This book recontextualizes terminology translation and terminology management with a special focus on English-Chinese translation. It is hoped that the volume will enable and enhance dialogue between Chinese and Western scholars and professionals in the field. All chapters have been written by specialists in the different subfields and have been peer-reviewed by the editors.

In this book, Gaby Thomson-Wohlgemuth explores the effects of ideology on the English-to-German translation of children s literature under the socialist regime of the former German Democratic Republic. Giving prominence to extra-textual factors, the study undertakes a close investigation of the East German censorship machinery, showing that there was a close correlation between the socialist ideology propagated by the regime and the book selection process itself. Through an analysis of the contents of the print permit (censorship) files and the afterwords found in many books, Thomson-Wohlgemuth demonstrates that literature was re-written not only to placate the censor but also to directly guide the reader down the correct ideological path, both in the selection and interpretation of each translated text.

Thomson-Wohlgemuth begins this engaging study with a concise but thorough historical background of East German children's literature, setting the context for an examination of how the state and party operated to control the development of the genre. She highlights the fact that there was multi-level censorship at work, with the Unity Party propagating certain ideological literary policies, and the publishers self-censoring when selecting suitable texts for translation and publication. This book serves as an exemplary study of how publishers collaborated with the state in all Eastern European countries, and should be of interest to historians and children s literature scholars alike.

This issue deals with translation and norms. Norms are models of correct or appropriate behaviour and of correct or appropriate behavioural products. Since translational behaviour is contextualised social behaviour, translational norms are understood as internalised behavioural constraints which embody the values shared by a community. Gideon Toury and Theo Hermans, the main contributors to this volume, have been highly influential in the development of the concept of norms as an analytical tool in studying translations. They argue that all decisions in the translation process are primarily governed by norms and illustrate the interplay between the translator's responses to expectations, constraints and pressures in a social context. Describing translation as norm-governed behaviour in a social, cultural and historical situation raises a number of issues. For example, how do we reconstruct norms from textual features? What is the relationship between regular patterns in texts and norms? How do translators acquire norms? Do they behave according to norms? These are some of the issues raised and discussed in the two main contributions, in the debates and in the responses by Andrew Chesterman, Daniel Cite, Anthony Pym, Douglas Robinson and Sergio Viaggio.

Translation has a long history in China. Down the centuries translators, interpreters, Buddhist monks, Jesuit priests, Protestant missionaries, writers, historians, linguists, and even ministers and emperors have all written about translation, and from an amazing array of perspectives. This second volume of the seminal two-volume anthology spans the 13th century CE to the very beginning of the nineteenth century with an entry dated circa 1800. It deals mainly with the transmission of Western learning to China - a translation venture that changed the epistemological horizon and even the mindset of Chinese people. Also included are texts that address translation between Chinese and the languages of China's Central Asian neighbours, such as Manchu, which was to become of crucial importance in the Qing Dynasty. Comprising 28 passages, most of which are translated into English for the first time here, the anthology is the first major source book of its kind to appear in English. It features valuable primary material, and is essential reading for postgraduate students and researchers working in the areas of Translation, Translation Studies and Asian Studies.

The new edition of this comprehensive course in Spanish-English translation offers advanced students of Spanish a challenging yet practical approach to the acquisition of translation skills, with clear explanations of the theoretical issues involved.

A variety of translation issues are addressed, including:

• cultural differences
• register and dialect
• grammatical differences
• genre.

With a sharper focus, clearer definitions and an increased emphasis on up-to-date ?real world? translation tasks, this second edition features a wealth of relevant illustrative material taken from a wide range of sources, both Latin American and Spanish, including:

• technical, scientific and legal texts
• journalistic and informative texts
• literary and dramatic texts.

Each chapter includes suggestions for classroom discussion and a set of practical exercises designed to explore issues and consolidate skills. Model translations, notes and suggestions for teaching and assessment are provided in a Teachers? Handbook available as a pdf upon request from [email protected].

Thinking Spanish Translation is essential reading for advanced undergraduate and postgraduate students of Spanish and translation studies. The book will also appeal to a wide range of language students and tutors through the general discussion of the principles and purposes of translation.