From the Civil War through the Great Depression small businessmen and their stores dominated retailing in nearly every city and town. Within the walls of their shops, grocers wrestled with fundamental changes in the structures of industrial and commercial capitalism, including the development of mass production, distribution, and marketing, the growth of regional and national markets, and the introduction of new organizational and business methods. Yet today we know very little about the considerable achievements of these small businessmen and their corner stores and even less about their major contributions to the making of "modern" enterprise in the United States. Popular stereotypes of Rockwellian storekeepers as avuncular men who prevailed over pickle-barrel conversations and checkers games, have characterized grocery retailers as backward and resistant to modernizing impulses. Cornering the Market challenges these conventions to argue that nineteenth- and early twentieth-century grocers were important but unsung innovators of business models and retail technologies that fostered the rise of contemporary retailing. Small businessmen revolutionized business practices from the bottom by becoming the first to own and operate cash registers, develop new distribution paths, and engage in transforming the grocery trade from local enterprises to a nationwide industry. Drawing on private thoughts from storekeepers' diaries, business ledgers and documents, and the letters of merchants, wholesalers, traveling men, and consumers, Spellman shows how proprietors confronted industrialization by crafting solutions centered on notions of efficiency, scale, and price controls, without abandoning local ties, turning social concepts of community into commercial profitability. It was a powerful combination businesses from chain stores to Wal-Mart continue to exploit in the twenty-first century.

The book is made distinctive by the presentation of practitioner insight allied with academic underpinning to create a powerful new framework of unusual breadth and depth. The book communicates contemporary retail thought from the perspectives of both senior international retailers and expert observers. It is structured around four sections: * Section I: retailing in an international context * Section II: chapters from faculty at Templeton College in Oxford outlining the key issues with review questions, discussion topics, assignments and further reading. * Section III: A unique series of in depth interviews with senior executives in the world's major retailers conducted by the Oxford Institute of Retail Management. Each case is backed up by company and sector information to demonstrate the changing retail and global environment. * Section IV: A summary and overview with further exercises assignments and recommended reading.The book is an innovative and highly effective new text for both students and executives needing to understand the complexities of the latest global developments and thinking. * Dual focus, with firm conceptual context supplied in the introductory essays and practitioner insight provided by the case studies. * Includes a range of learning features to help you test your knowledge and develop your thinking. * Talented contributor team offer rigorous and far-reaching analysis of the issues and case histories. Combining practitioner insight with academic background, this book offers a useful framework on retail strategy with unusual breadth and depth. It communicates contemporary retail thought from the perspectives of both senior international retailers and expert observers.

European retailers have successfully internationalised their activities in Europe but have been less successful in North America. American retailers have been successful in their home market but less so in Europe. The major European and American retailers are now entering Asia and competing directly with each other in a substantive way fort he first time. These Western retailers, using modern managerial methods, are entering markets typified by more traditional managerial approaches. Western managerial cultures and values are interfacing with Asian ones. The results of these moves are new stresses for Asian retail structures that bring a new dynamism to Asian retailing. The contributions in this book explore the conflicts and benefits that arise as retailing in Asia becomes internationalised. The contributions are provided by experts in retail research from across Asia and for the first time in depth analyses are provided of the ways that Western retailers are provoking change in Asia. The book results form a seminar held at the University of Marketing and Distribution Sciences, Kobe, in November 2001 under the auspices of Society for Asian Research in Distribution. Scholars from across the region presented research results of their analyses of the New Commerce now appearing in Asia.

Marketing Channel Strategy: An Omni-Channel Approach is the first book on the market to offer a completely unique, updated approach to channel marketing. Palmatier and Sivadas have adapted this classic text for the modern marketing reality by building a model that shows students how to engage customers across multiple marketing channels simultaneously and seamlessly. The omni-channel is different from the multi-channel. It recognizes not only that customers access goods and services in multiple ways, but also that they are likely doing this at the same time; comparing prices on multiple websites, and seamlessly switching between mobile and desktop devices. With the strong theoretical foundation that users have come to expect, the book also offers lots of practical exercises and applications to help students understand how to design and implement omni-channel strategies in reality. Advanced undergraduate and graduate students in marketing channels, distribution channels, B2B marketing, and retailing classes will enjoy acquiring the most cutting-edge marketing skills from this book. A full set of PowerPoint slides accompany this new edition, to support instructors.

As retailing becomes an increasingly important part of economics worldwide, the similarities and differences of retailing from country to country are now more evident. Retailing in the European Union is a unique and timely study of the difference retail structures across Europe, offering an insightful overview of the internationalisation of retailing and asking important questions about the effectiveness of different retailing sectors.

This new edition of Contemporary Retail and Marketing Case Studies is a collection of 34 studies of retail and marketing operations as told by individual companies.

Small, medium and larger companies relate the challenges they have faced and how they overcame them, and share their successes and frustrations in a frank and open manner. Each case is unique in its own way and addresses issues which are pertinent and relevant to the South African retail and marketing environment.

The value of this collection is that:

• It provides a variety of cases that together offer insight into the marketing challenges faced by local businesses
• It offers a South African perspective on how to overcome these issues
• It is written from the viewpoint of the entrepreneur or business executive
• It provides practical insights which support work-integrated learning.

This book is a must-read for scholars, students and people concerned with the retail and marketing industry.

The advent of the era of "e-Service," the provision of services over electronic networks like the internet, is one of the dominant business themes of the new millennium. It reflects the fundamental shift in the economy from goods to services and the explosive expansion of information technology. This book provides a collection of different perspectives on e-Service and a unified framework to understand it, even as the business community grapples with the concept. It features contributions from key researchers and practitioners from both the private and public sectors, as well leading scholars from the fields of marketing, information systems, and computer science. They focus on three key areas: the customer-technology interface; e-Service business opportunities and strategies; and public sector e-Service opportunities. The insights they offer will be equally useful to students, scholars, and practitioners.

The advent of the era of "e-Service," the provision of services over electronic networks like the internet, is one of the dominant business themes of the new millennium. It reflects the fundamental shift in the economy from goods to services and the explosive expansion of information technology. This book provides a collection of different perspectives on e-Service and a unified framework to understand it, even as the business community grapples with the concept. It features contributions from key researchers and practitioners from both the private and public sectors, as well leading scholars from the fields of marketing, information systems, and computer science. They focus on three key areas: the customer-technology interface; e-Service business opportunities and strategies; and public sector e-Service opportunities. The insights they offer will be equally useful to students, scholars, and practitioners.

'Business Development in Licensed Retailing: a unit manager's guide' details the indispensable skills and techniques needed to manage units within licensed retail organisations in a flexible and entrepreneurial manner.
This book:
-Forms the basis of a complete course for a unit manager's development.
-Provides an overview of the range of skills needed for effective unit management.
-Supports the development of techniques with examples from existing best practice and case examples from companies such as JD Wetherspoon's, TGI Fridays and McDonald's amongst others.
Business Development in Licensed Retailing considers the functional management techniques required at unit management level, covering recruitment, human resource management, operations, service quality and customer relations, financial measurement and analysis, promotions and strategic planning. The analysis systematically provides all the practical know-how you need to produce of a comprehensive business plan for your unit.
Ending with a comprehensive case study that demonstrates all the aspects of business development working in a real-life scenario, the text is ideally suited for lecturers and management development personnel to use as a learning resource through which readers can apply the principles and techniques outlined.
A practical guide to managing units in licensed retail
Case studies from Wetherspoons, Scottish and Newcastle, Whitbread and Yates', amongst others, put the theory into practice

Contents:
1. Consumption, Identity and Locality: a Theoretical Perspective on Charity Shops I
2. Retailing: a Theoretical Perspective on Charity Shops II
3. Customers and Demand: Thrift, Lifestyle, Convenience and Coming out of the Cold
4. Materialising Profit: from Donation to Distribution
5. Staffing the Charity Shop: Voluntary, Not-So-Voluntary and Paid Staff
6. Pricing and Competition: Hitting the Mark
7. 'It's all in the Mix': Profits, Lifecycles, Lifestyles, and the Future of Charity Shops

Reading Retail captures contemporary debates on the geography of retailing and consumption spaces. It is constructed around a series of 'readings' from key works, and is designed to encourage readers to develop a sense of engagement with the rapidly evolving debates in this field. More than 60 edited readings are integrated into the text, providing a guided route map through the literature and into the study of the geographies of retailing and consumption. The volume also introduces readers to the exciting and interdisciplinary developments unfolding in the 'new retail geography', drawing on up-to-the-minute research material from areas ranging from anthropology to business studies, and tackling issues as diverse as retail internationalization and e-commerce. Reading Retail is unique in bringing together a huge range of perspectives on retailing and consumption spaces and will provide a key source text for students in this field.

This book evaluates Country of Origin (COO) research from new critical perspectives, providing insights on how COO shapes both consumer behaviour and business trends, and how marketers can overcome or take advantage of COO in their strategies. The contributors explore a variety of strategies for utilising Country of Origin, including how country image can influence market entry positioning strategies, and how brand heritage can be utilised as a communication tool. There is also a study of what percentage of online products require COO identification, and whether this percentage correlates to customer satisfaction. Several contributors look at consumers' preference for food in relation to COO and authenticity, and further chapters explore the impact of consumer identification with a nation on how they evaluate brands. As Country of Origin is increasingly evaluated by consumers and used by marketers to safeguard locally-owned products, this book will be of interest to those studying the relationship between country-authentic brands and their promotion in the global marketplace. This book was originally published as a special issue of the Journal of Promotion Management.

First published in 1964, Alison Adburgham's Shops and Shopping, 1880-1914: Where and in What Matter the Well-Dressed Englishwoman Bought Her Clothes is a rightly celebrated and groundbreaking contribution to the social history of retail selling. Adburgham charts the Victorian origins and subsequent ascent of the 'department store', a mode of shopping that offered the customer an enviable selection of wares, a fixed price, and a recreational browsing experience that began with goods placed temptingly behind plate-glass and continued through shops carefully arranged so that customers might wander. These great emporia changed the labours and livelihoods of craftspeople and small shop-keepers, enhanced the reputation of England's capital and regional cities, and even altered the social climate of England. Immaculately researched from primary sources, Shops and Shopping is one of the key texts in the scholarly analysis of early mass consumer culture.

Series Information:
Nissan Institute/RoutledgeCurzon Japanese Studies

Contents:
1:Introduction; 2:Background; 3:Policy Context; 4:The Conventional Methodology of Retail Impact Assessment; 5:A Framework for Retail Impact Assessment; 6:Qualitative Factors; 7:Evidence of Retail Impact; 8:Retail Impact Assessment in the Planning Process; 9:Experience in Europe and North America; 10:The Application of Best Practice, 11:Conclusions

In developed countries, the food superstore or hypermarket has become the dominant mode of food distribution; and their success has transformed the retail sector. But each new store has changed the employment regime of the stores they replace. For retailers, labour is a major cost; with opening hours being extended, and consumer demand patterns changing, one solution has been the use of part-time labour. Extensive use of such labour characterises British food retailing for example whereas it is less common in France. This book examines the reasons for such differences, and the potential which management and employees have within the operation to manage working time to their benefit. This book makes use of a four country research programme, covering France, Germany, Great Britain and Japan. Investigations and interviews at store, company and individual level, paint a picture of working time in the sector and in each of the countries. The volume provides some explanations for national differences as well as the similarities; supply and demand issues, as well as societal and social backgrounds. Large format food retailing is a major force in each country, employing millions in many di

The study of consumption and its relationship to cultural and social values has become a vibrant and important field in recent years. Hitherto however, relatively few detailed and full length works on this topic have been published. In what will become a seminal volume, this book examines retail selling in various historical contexts and locations, as both an activity at once 'mundane' and almost universal. The book introduces the reader to the existing literature relevant to the subject; and explores the widespread perceptions of moral ambiguity surrounding the practice of selling consumer goods - ranging from concerns about the adulteration of goods, to fears about sharp practice on the part of retailers - and places such concerns in the context of wider societal values and ideas. The ambivalence towards retail selling and sellers is also a central focus of the collection, focussing on the attempts by retailers to develop selling techniques and successful practices of salesmanship, and at the same time establish widely-shared understandings of 'good' retailing. The book also delves into the more dubious practices of retail selling, including practices on the margin of legality, the issue of credit and changing attitudes towards debt. Uniquely the book examines how sales techniques relate to the wider context of a whole shopping 'experience' or shopping environment. Taken as a whole, this volume will provide a first port of call for students, researchers and others interested in exploring consumer cultures, and the cultural norms and practices involved in the sale of consumer goods in various historical periods and geographical contexts.

Retailing is changing extremely rapidly in the emerging economies, both as a driver of social and economic change, and a consequence of economic development and the rise of consumer societies. Changes that took many decades in Europe or North America are happening at a much greater speed in emerging markets, while regulations continue to be hotly contested in these markets, raising questions about appropriate business strategies for both globalising firms and local contenders. While much has been written about retail in emerging markets, the focus has been primarily on the nature of entry strategies for Western retail companies. This book seeks to capture the impact of both internal and external regulations on retail development and strategy in emerging markets. It provides a comprehensive and up-to-date assessment of the development of retailing in a wide range of emerging economies, and seeks to capture the interplay between both retail policy and retail strategy and the theoretical implications of this on retail development as a whole. This book will be of interest to academics, researchers and advanced students with an interest in retail development in emerging markets, international business/strategy and international marketing.

In this study of the development of the Asian department store, economists, anthropologists and historians examine various aspects of retailing, business organization, networking and consumerism in the expanding economies of Asia. While focusing on the cultural histories of China, Japan, Hong Kong, Taiwan and Singapore in the formation and shaping of Asia's universal providers', this book presents a comparative perspective on the way in which department stores such as Wing On, Sincere, Seibu and Metro have gradually been transformed into multinational enterprises during the 20th century.

Retail has been considered national, or even local in character. In the 1990s a different environment emerged. The increasing dominance of distribution channels by large retailers, the emergence of global regional trading areas such as the single European market, and the convergence of international consumer tastes have led to a shift in perspectives. The large retail enterprise which does not think on an international basis faces marginalization by those competitors who are building international operations. This work brings together management researchers in the areas of international retailing. They offer an insight into the mechanisms which are driving forward the internationalization of retailing.

First Published in 1996. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.

Few retailers understand how to adapt to the different needs and backgrounds of international travellers. Harness the burgeoning levels of tourism and learn everything you need to get travellers engaged with your business and spending money, with insight from LVMH, Harrods, CHANEL and more. The modern traveller is an enigma. These potential customers, young and old, are in search of memorable experiences, just as much as physical products. They want to make their trip unforgettable, while minimizing their impact on the environment. Leading Travel and Tourism Retail is an invaluable guide for any retail professional who wants to benefit from the increasing number of travellers who are venturing abroad ready to spend money, on everything from luxury goods and souvenirs to cultural activities and experiences. Engaging and accessible, it covers everything from creating a business plan and analyzing the competition, to product considerations and the role of technology and data, offering a glimpse behind the inner workings of some of the best-known brands in the world. Delivering invaluable insight through fascinating interviews from high-profile professionals including Group President of LVMH Retail, CEO of Harrods, and President of CHANEL foundation, this is a must-have handbook for achieving retail success in the continually evolving, multifaceted world of travel and tourism. FULL LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS: - Jacques Stern, CEO of Global Blue Tax Refund - Stephen Bebis, former CEO of Brookstone Gadget Stores - Andrea d'Avack, former President of Chanel Perfumes & Cosmetics worldwide - Christine Comaford, founder of Smart Tribes Institute - Frances O'Grady, Secretary General of the Trade Union Congress, UK - Desiree Bollier, Chair & Chief Merchant of Value Retail, creator and operator of The Bicester Village Shopping Collection - Taylor Safford, President & CEO of Pier 39 entertainment & shopping complex, San Francisco - Craig Robins, Founder & Owner of the Miami Design District Development, Florida - Louis de Bourgoing, former International Chairman of WH Smith - Dan Cockerell, Former Vice President of Disney's Magic Kingdom - Michael Ward, Managing Director of Harrods, London - Malik Fernando, Director of Dilmah Tea & Luxury Resorts, Sri Lanka - Tine Willumsen, Founder of The Diversity Council, Denmark - Jonathan Chippendale, CEO of Holition Technologies & Former Managing Director of De Beers Diamonds (Middle East) - Paul Samuels, Executive Vice President & Hugo Brady, Vice President of AEG Entertainment Group - Ravi Thakran, Group Chairman of LVMH Asia - Jason Holt CBE, Chairman of the Apprenticeship Ambassador Network, UK Department of Education - Ben Zifkin, Founder & President of Hubba.com, NY - Lesley Batchelor OBE, Director General of the Institute of Export & International Trade

In recent years, luxury goods markets have faced significant changes that have influenced both the dynamics of the competition, as well as their strategies. The principal changes include the following: new geographical market development, such as in the Far East, India, and some parts of Africa (these countries are added to a list of already relevant countries that are involved in luxury goods consumption, such as the Emirates, Russia, and South America); diffusion of new media and new technologies in communication, which is characterized by a high degree of interaction; the evolution of distribution channels is underway - these channels are moving towards new forms of integration that utilize both physical digital channels. This has forced firms to revise their strategies and implement multichannel marketing strategies to continue to operate in increasingly international markets that are characterized by increasingly more demanding and informed consumers. This book will enable readers to gain a clear insight into how the luxury goods market operates and amongst other things, focuses on: recent internet and social media strategies adopted by luxury companies and their brands; how luxury companies manage their communication and distribution channels to compete in the market and the impact of digital marketing on their competition; the main models of direct and indirect distribution in the digital channels; how consumers react to multichannel strategies; trends, social commerce and CSR and how luxury companies react; identifying the different social media strategies for luxury companies.

Essentials of Modeling and Analytics illustrates how and why analytics can be used effectively by loss prevention staff. The book offers an in-depth overview of analytics, first illustrating how analytics are used to solve business problems, then exploring the tools and training that staff will need in order to engage solutions. The text also covers big data analytical tools and discusses if and when they are right for retail loss prevention professionals, and illustrates how to use analytics to test the effectiveness of loss prevention initiatives. Ideal for loss prevention personnel on all levels, this book can also be used for loss prevention analytics courses. Essentials of Modeling and Analytics was named one of the best Analytics books of all time by BookAuthority, one of the world's leading independent sites for nonfiction book recommendations.

This book explores the shifting relations of food provisioning in Turkey from a comparative global political economy perspective. It offers in-depth ethnographic analysis, interviews and historical insights into the ambiguities and diversities that simultaneously affect the changing conditions of food and agriculture in Turkey. Specific issues examined include the commodification of land, food and labour; the expansion and deepening of industrial standardization; the expansion of a supermarket model; and concomitant changes in, as well as the simultaneous co-existence of, traditional methods of production and marketing. Contrasting observations are drawn from diverse locales to provide examples of convergence, divergence and cohabitation in relation to transnationally advocated industrial models. Commodification of Global Agrifood Systems and Agro-Ecology employs a form of comparative perspective that allows the particular processes of restructuring of agrifood relations in Turkey to be simultaneously distinguished from, yet related to, changes taking place in global power dynamics. Yildiz Atasoy explores agrifood transformation in Turkey with a unique approach that considers a plurality of intertwined normative influences, ontological beliefs, cultural-religious narratives, political struggles and critical-interpretive positions. Based on original research, the book treats changes in food provisioning as an analytical thread capable of uncovering how the normative acceptability of capitalized agriculture and techno-scientific innovation is entangled with processes of class formation, growing inter-capitalist competition and Islamic politics. Such processes, in turn, frame income/wealth generation, landscape management, agro-ecological dynamics and labour practices, as well as the taste and smell of place.